Spatially Explicit Evaluation of Local Extractive Benefits from Mangrove Plantations in Bangladesh

Mangroves worldwide provide a wide range of ecosystem services utilized directly and indirectly by local peoples. Between 1966 and 2001, Bangladesh established approximately 148,000 ha of mangrove plantations in coastal areas within the Barisal and Chittagong Divisions. Though erosion and human encroachment and conversion have removed over two-thirds of these stands, the Forest Department has continued to undertake new plantation activities.

To investigate how and to what degree people directly utilize these mangroves, I conducted 340 household surveys across eight coastal villages located in close proximity to established plantations. The predominant direct use of the mangrove plantations by local rural communities is the extraction of detritus and nonmain stem material (e.g., limbs, leaves) for combustible fuel. This study uses household foraging distances to estimate and map net value densities based on reported market prices of extracted goods. The average extractive value of mangrove plantations is Tk 2,300 ha^?1 yr^?1, ranging among the villages from 300 to Tk 27,400 ha^?1 yr^?1, with values concentrated closer to the village. Cost-benefit analyses suggest that direct use values alone have justified the establishment and management of previously planted stands. However, other indirect values must be taken into account if these areas are to merit additional plantations.     

森林健康概念的探讨

对森林健康理论的提出、定义森林健康的目的和判断森林健康的标准三方面内容进行了深入探讨,阐述了森林健康的本质,为今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

森林生态系统中林分胸径和树高的Granger因果关系研究

滞后阶数为1时,胸径和树高互为Granger原因,这从理论上证明,建立胸径和树高模型是合理的.当滞后阶数为2时,胸径不再是树高的Granger原因,但树高仍是胸径的Granger原因,两者相比,树高的影响更深远.所以在森林培养时,应更加注重树高,以维持树高对胸径的影响.     

江西省森林生态体系建设对策研究

随着产权制度改革的不断深入,江西森林生态体系建设面临的压力将越来越大。本文在充分调查和深入分析江西生态建设优劣势的基础上,按照生态经济学的一般原理,本文对森林生态体系建设的内涵、公益林区划标准、规模比例提出了自己的见解,对公益林补偿标准进行了系统的框架设计,并提出了完善森林生态体系建设的若干配套政策建议。     

人工恢复与重建森林生态系统健康及其维护初探

人工恢复与重建森林生态系统，随着时间的推移，由于系统内生物个体与个体、个体与环境之间的关系变化而发生动态的变化，如果不能对系统的健康状况正确认识和维护，恢复的系统则可能再次退化，使荒山绿化、植被恢复不能达到预期目标。探讨了人工恢复与重建森林生态系统的健康评价方法及其维护对策。     

Traditional homegardens of Kerala: a sustainable human ecosystem

An analogue approach to analysing the traditional homegardens of Keralavis-à-vis natural climax ecosystems is adopted. The traditional homegarden is apparently a climax ecosystem, where ecological succession is consciously manipulated by human beings. High intensity of vertical and horizontal space use, the highly dynamic chronological structure and the capacity to perform essential ecological processes make this ecosystem relatively sustainable. Homegardens in Kerala effectively serve as human ecosystems with their low input demand, staggered supply of outputs, and enhancement of habitat quality. However, recent trends in agrarian structure and the high market orientation exert pressures on the homegarden, and its sustainability as a human ecosystem is in question.This joint paper is based on part of the research conducted by Darley Jose for the degree of M.Sc. (Natural Resource Management) at the Agricultural University of Norway under the guidance of N. Shanmugaratnam.     

浅谈脆弱森林生态系统的形成特征及其治理措施

脆弱森林生态系统已成为全球关注的热点，它不仅使自然资源日益枯竭、生物多样性不断减少、水土流失和土地荒漠化加剧，而且还严重阻碍社会经济的持续发展，进而威胁人类的生存和发展。本文对脆弱森林生态系统的形成原因和特征进行了分析阐述。在此基础上，针对脆弱森林生态系统提出恢复与重建的治理措施。     

论森林工程与森林可持续经营

从森林工程与森林可持续经营关系入手，分析了森工作业对森林生态系统中生产者、消费者、分解者、非生物环境等因素的影响，提出了保证森林可持续经营的“生态森林工程”概念、模式和技术体系。     

武夷山自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能价值评估

使用市场价格替代法、机会成本法和影子工程价格法等评估方法,对武夷山自然保护区森林涵养水源、保持土壤、净化空气、固碳制氧、休闲游憩等服务功能进行了初步估算。得出该地区森林生态系统的涵养水源价值为2.28亿元.a-1、保持土壤价值为0.76亿元.a-1、固碳制氧价值为2.20亿元.a-1、净化空气价值为1.76亿元.a-1、休闲游憩价值为6.34亿元.a-1。森林生态系统服务功能的总价值为13.34亿元.a-1。     

生态状况内在判断指标体系研究

生态状况内在判断指标是反映生态状况自身变化情况的指标.生态状况处于何种阶段的判断指标,需要从层次性、系统性、现实性、重要性4个方面来考虑.综合考虑包括森林生态状况、土地荒漠化和沙化状况、水土流失状况、生物多样性状况、湿地生态状况、草原生态状况、农田生态状况、城市生态状况等8项指标,8项指标又可以细化为各自的分项指标.通过应用生态综合指数法对生态状况进行分析和综合评估,得出我国生态状况处于治理与破坏相持阶段这一重要结论.