松阿扁叶蜂生物学特性及防治技术研究

松阿扁叶蜂是目前商洛市油松林重要食叶害虫,严重威胁油松林的生长发育。定点研究了其生物学特性、发生危害规律,开展了防治试验。松阿扁叶蜂在商洛林区1年发生1代,由幼虫越冬。其危害油松纯林重于混交林;立地条件较好的油松林分重于立地条件差的林分。喷施森得保粉剂（2.25 kg/hm2）、1.2%苦.烟乳油1 000~1 200倍液、3%高渗苯氧威乳油3 500~4 500倍液均可取得良好防效。     

芦笋茎枯病病原菌及其生物学研究

芦笋茎枯病是一种分布广、为害重的毁灭性病害。研究证实,临沂市芦笋茎枯病病原为Phoma asparagi Sacc.。该菌分生孢子发芽和菌丝生长适温为23—26℃,致死温度分别为50℃10分钟和60℃10分钟,发芽和生长最适pH为7。分生孢子生长在分生孢子器内,单个分生孢子常温下可活10天,菌块内可活25天,孢子器内则长达240天。分生孢子在蒸馏水中不发芽,加糖液发芽率略有提高,在文竹和芦笋茎煮液中发芽率最高;条件适宜时2小时产生芽突,5小时发芽率达98.21%。     

Pathogenicity of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on potato

Host–parasite relationships and pathogenicity of Meloidogyne javanica on potatoes (newly recorded from Malta) were studied under glasshouse and natural conditions. Potato cvs Cara and Spunta showed a typical susceptible reaction to M. javanica under natural and artificial infections, respectively. In potato tubers, M. javanica induced feeding sites that consisted of three to four hypertrophied giant cells per adult female. Infection of feeder roots by the nematode resulted in mature large galls which usually contained at least one mature female and egg mass. In both tubers and roots, feeding sites were characterized by giant cells containing granular cytoplasm and many hypertrophied nuclei. Cytoplasm in giant cells was aggregated alongside the thickened cell walls. Stelar tissues within galls appeared disorganized. The relationship between initial nematode population density ( P ) [0–64 eggs + second-stage juveniles (J2s) per cm³ soil] and growth of cv. Spunta potato seedlings was tested under glasshouse conditions. A Seinhorst model [ y = m  + (1 −  m ) z ^{( P − T )}] was fitted to fresh shoot weight and shoot height data of nematode-inoculated and control plants. Tolerance limits ( T ) for fresh shoot weight and shoot height of cv. Spunta plants infected with M. javanica were 0·50 and 0·64 eggs + J2s per cm³ soil, respectively. The m parameter in that model (i.e. the minimum possible y -values) for fresh shoot weight and shoot height were 0·60 and 0·20, respectively, at P  = 64 eggs + J2s per cm³ soil. Root galling was proportional to the initial nematode population density. Maximum nematode reproduction rate was 51·2 at a moderate initial population density ( P  = 4 eggs + J2s per cm³ soil).     

分子生物学技术在松材线虫研究中的应用

根据松材线虫(Bursaphlenchus xylophilus)分子生物学的研究基础,以及基于不同的研究目的,对松材线虫不同DNA区域,包括基因组DNA、线粒体DNA、核糖体DNA和卫星DNA研究做了综述,并分析、比较一些常用的分子生物学技术在松材线虫研究中的适用性,以及在生物防治研究中的进展。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分子生物学研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)是引起猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的病原体,本文对PRRSV的分子生物学研究进展进行了综述,主要包括PRRSV的基因组结构、病毒蛋白及其功能、抗原变异等,旨在为诊断技术、免疫机理研究、疫苗设计与疫病防制提供借鉴.     

黄杨绢野螟的生物学研究

黄杨绢野螟（Diaphania perspectalis(Walker)是园林中多种黄杨Buxus spp．的食叶害虫，暴发时可吃光叶片，甚至造成大量植株死亡。此虫体色有黑白和全黑二型。一年发生4代(局部个体一年发生1～3代)，以幼虫缀合叶片成果越冬，次年春暖后恢复取食，4月下旬越冬代成虫开始出现。第1、2、3代成虫分别于6月上旬、7月下旬、9月上旬开始出现。幼虫6～8龄，有兼性滞育现象，1～3代均有部分个体滞育。与4代幼虫一起越冬。此虫各虫态有多种天敌：幼虫期育出甲腹茧蜂Chelonus sp．、绢野螟长绒茧蜂Dolichogenidea stantoni(Ashmead)，蛹期育出广大腿小蜂Brachymeria lasus(Walker)，并采到捕食卵粒的纹蓟马Aeolothrips sp．和多种捕食幼虫和成虫的游猎性蜘蛛(种属待查)。保护天敌对控制黄杨绢野螟的为害有重要意义。     

A viability study of Fallopia japonica stem tissue

Vegetative regeneration of intact and split nodes of Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene was the focus of this greenhouse experiment. Stem material, collected in May, July and September 1997, was cut into 40-mm-long sections and incubated on the surface of moist compost in a greenhouse. All samples showed some regrowth of buds and new shoots from both intact and split nodes in any season. A maximum number of 0.25 buds per intact node was recorded after 6 days in a spring experiment. The vegetative regrowth of shoots generally appeared after 1 week and increased over time with a maximum mean height of 77 mm after 27 days and a maximum number of 0.39 shoots per intact node after 13 days. Adventitious roots developed from both intact and split nodes during both summer and autumn experiments. From this study, a maximum of 90 stem tissue propagules per square metre of F. japonica stand has been estimated. If the plant is cut as part of a control programme, these propagules can produce shoots with growth rates of up to 2.9 mm per day with a good chance of the development of adventitious roots. This considerable potential for vegetative regeneration of stem tissue shows a clear need for guidelines on the safe management and disposal of F. japonica plant material.     

Towards an integrative biology research: a case study on adaptive and evolutionary trends of Miscanthus populations in Taiwan

A program of research named Towards an Integrative Biology (TAIB) has recently been promoted by the International Union of Biological Sciences, involving multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research. Studies of Miscanthus plants which emphasized the TAIB theme were undertaken. Miscanthus species are the most widely distributed and dominant species in Taiwan, growing everywhere from the coastal to mountainous areas, and from agricultural to polluted land. Particularly, the grasses grow well in habitats under environmental stresses. Physiological and genetic adaptations are fundamental mechanisms for these grasses' survival in stressful environments. Findings based on field measurements and laboratory analyses were able to elucidate some of the mechanisms of grasses adapted to stressful environments. Adaptive radiation occurred when most niches were open during the postglacial periods. Particularly, population discontinuity of the grasses was found on the Orchid and Green islets of Taiwan. Likewise, Miscanthus sinensis var. glaber and var. formosanus occupied lands from low to middle elevations of Taiwan, while Miscanthus transmorrisonensis appeared in the highlands above 2400 m. Phylogenetically, Miscanthus has evolved into various ecotypes, varieties and species in Taiwan as well as in other parts of Asia. The grass then evolved into Miscanthus floridulus , M. sinensis var. formosanus , Miscanthus flavidus , then to M. transmorrisonensis . Furthermore, the phylogeny of the Miscanthus sinensis complex of Taiwan was reconstructed by cladistic analysis on nucleotide sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (nrDNA ITS) region and atpB - rbc L non-coding spacer of the chloroplast DNA. Rooted at M . floridulus the monophyly of M . sineneis was significantly supported by molecular evidence. The origin of this complex could be dated to the last glacial withdrawal about 20 000 years ago.     

大突肩瓢虫生物学及田间种群消长研究

大突肩瓢虫Synonycha grandis(Thunberg）在云南开远1年发生4代，以成虫在蔗茎老叶鞘内越冬。日均温26.6-27.8℃下，卵期3－4天，幼虫期9－12天，预肾期1天，肾期4－5天，成虫产卵前期20－25天，1个世代历期37－46天；日均温24.5-25.5℃下，卵期5－9天，幼虫期14－21天，预肾期1－2天，蛹期5－8天，成虫产卵前期25－30天，1个世代历期45－55天。（第4代）（越冬代）各虫态历期延长，全代历期长达250余天。成虫、幼虫均捕食甘蔗绵蚜。大突肩瓢虫田间种群:6妆开始在蔗田出现，8－10月种群数量明显增长，11月间形成高峰，12月开始越冬。