麦套春棉共生期间土壤温度的动态变化

严格用气象部门的观测方法，观测麦套春棉共生期间土壤温度的动态变化。结果表明：麦棉共生期由于小麦遮荫，使套种棉行的土壤温度低于纯作春棉，造成麦套春棉苗弱晚发。适当增大麦棉间距，选用株高较矮的小麦品种，可减少小麦对棉苗的遮荫，提高麦套春棉行间的土壤温度。     

麦棉套种膜上灌溉节水增产机理研究

试验研究采用麦棉套膜上灌——土壤水分——作物——农田小气候理论体系，测定膜上灌灌水条件下的水流特征和土壤水分循环特点，麦棉共生期作物生育特性和农田小气候的相互关系。揭示出麦棉套膜上灌和棉花膜上灌分别节水２９％和４７％，小麦增产３．８％及棉花增产１１．８％的节水增产机理     

不同氮磷钾肥用量对五指毛桃叶绿素含量的影响

为探讨在"3414"肥料试验中叶绿素仪测定叶绿素的精确度,以及不同施肥处理对五指毛桃叶片SPAD值与叶绿素含量的影响,采用SPAD叶绿素仪和酒精-丙酮浸提法对五指毛桃不同叶片的SPAD值、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量进行测定。结果表明,不同施肥处理对五指毛桃3片叶片的SPAD值,倒1叶的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量,倒2叶的叶绿素a以及倒3叶的叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量的影响不显著;对倒2叶的叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量,倒3叶的叶绿素a影响显著。氮、磷、钾肥对五指毛桃叶片SPAD值和叶绿素含量效应依次为N肥P肥K肥。SPAD值、叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素含量从倒1叶至倒3叶呈现逐渐增加的趋势,但增加的幅度因施肥处理不同而不同。倒1叶的SPAD值与叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量呈负相关;倒2叶的SPAD值与叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量均呈极显著正相关;倒3叶的SPAD值与叶绿素a呈负相关,而与叶绿素b及叶绿素总量均呈显著正相关,表明在"3414"肥料试验中倒2叶的SPAD值更能准确地预测其叶绿素的绝对含量。该研究为叶绿素仪在五指毛桃生理实验中正确应用提供了科学依据,也为五指毛桃在成龄胶园间作实践提供了理论指导。     

覆盖与间作对亚热带丘陵区茶园土壤微生物量的影响

在亚热带丘陵区红壤幼龄茶园经过4年稻草覆盖及间作三叶草田间小区试验，对土壤剖面分析结果表明．稻草覆盖及间作三叶草均能明显增加土壤表层有机C、碱解N、有效P．增加土壤微生物量C、N、P。剖面中土壤有机C、微生物量C、全N、碱解N、土壤微生物量N、全P、有效P、微生物量P随深度的增加而递减。稻草覆盖影响到40cm土层左右，阃作白三叶草影响到20cm左右。0～20cm土层微生物量C／有机CT2〉T3〉T1，3个处理微生物量N／全N在1．02～2．74之间，微生物量P和全P比值在2．27～13．1之间。亚热带丘陵区红壤幼龄茶园土壤微生物量碳与土壤有机碳C、碱解N、微生物量N、有效P、微生物量P具有极显著的正相关关系（P〈0．01），与全N、全P呈显著的正相关关系（P〈0．05）。     

Growth and phosphorus uptake of maize cultivated alone,in mixed culture with other crops or after incorporation of their residues

Intercropping or rotating of P‐efficient crop species which mobilize sparingly soluble P by their root exudates can have beneficial effects on growth and P uptake of P‐inefficient species. We aimed at studying the effect of intercropping or incorporating of crop residues of P‐efficient crops on the components of maize P‐uptake, i.e. the root‐system size and P influx (P‐uptake rate per unit root length). This was studied in 3 pot experiments in a low‐P sandy soil. In the first experiment, maize was intercropped with white lupine, sugar beet or oilseed rape, and with groundnut in the second experiment. In the third experiment, maize was grown after incorporating the crop residues of white lupine, sugar beet or oilseed rape. Maize growth and yield was strongly inhibited when intercropped with white lupine, sugar beet or oilseed rape, probably because of competition for nutrients. But with groundnut as the accompanying species, maize yield was increased by a factor of 3, mainly because of an enhanced P influx. Crop residues of oilseed rape and sugar beet increased the yield of maize by factors 2 and 1.6, respectively, because of a 3 and 2 times higher P uptake as compared to maize grown after maize without incorporation of crop residue. The reason for the higher maize P‐uptake after oilseed rape was an 11 times higher P influx as compared to maize without crop residues, and after sugar beet residues because of an enhanced root growth and a 4 times higher P influx. Lupine residues did not improve maize growth, mainly because of a low P influx, which was even less than that of maize grown without crop residues. The soil solution P concentration and calcium acetate lactate‐extractable P (CAL P) measured in this study did not reflect the P availability as indicated by the plants (P uptake, P influx). This indicates that other mechanisms such as P mobilization in the rhizosphere by root exudates or cell‐wall components were responsible for the increased P availability. These mechanisms need further investigation.     

旱地小麦套种花生粮油双高产技术研究

大田试验表明，旱地麦田增施有机肥料，能有效提高土壤肥力，增加土壤贮水能力；在花生套种垄上地膜覆盖，能起到保水、集雨、提温的效果，进而提高小麦和花生产量，覆膜越早效果越明显。因此，增施有机肥和进行秋季覆膜是旱地麦套花生取得粮油双高产的有效途径。     

KS－1型双功能控湿仪的研制

ＫＳ－１型控湿仪由集成运算放大器、５５５时基电路、固态继电器等先进的电子器件组成，具有双功能、自动控制灵敏、结构简单、使用方便、经济实用等特点。本文介绍了该控湿仪的设计思想、基本原理和性能特点，并对５５５集成芯片组成的单稳、控时电路作了具体的分析     

KS－1型双功能控湿仪的研制

ＫＳ－１型控湿仪由集成运算放大器、５５５时基电路、固态继电器等先进的电子器件组成，具有双功能、自动控制灵敏、结构简单、使用方便、经济实用等特点。本文介绍了该控湿仪的设计思想、基本原理和性能特点，并对５５５集成芯片组成的单稳、控时电路作了具体的分析     

Nitrogen Fixation, Growth and Yield of Intercropped Mungbean (yigna radiata L.) and Groundnut (Aracbis bypogaea L.) as Affected by the Genotype

¹⁵N-aided investigations were conducted to ascertain the Nj fixation and the nitrogen (N) contribution by mungbean ( Vigna radiata L.) and groundnut ( Aracbis hypogaea L.) when intercropped with maize ( Zea mays ). The study involved growing seven genotypes of the above legumes with maize in alternate rows in two separate experiments. A sole crop of maize was used as the reference crop to determine N2 fixation by the ¹⁵N methodology. Significant genotypic differences in pod yield and stover N content were observed in intercropped mungbean and groundnut. The percentage N derived from the atmosphere showed a genotypic variation of 31 to 45 % (7 to 10 kg N₂ fixed ha⁻¹O in mungbean and 47 to 69 % (9 to 18 kg N₂ fixed ha⁻¹) in groundnut. Harvest index for N varied from 58 to 77 % in mungbean and 55 to 75 % in groundnut. In groundnut, the uptake of soil N was significantly affected by the genotype. Assuming that the N contribution to the soil by the helow-ground plant parts was negligible, the removal of seeds at maturity resulted in a negative N balance in the soil in all the genotypes of mungbean. In groundnut, some genotypes produced a positive N balance in the soil. Owing to high N₂ fixation capacity and low harvest index for N, groundnut showed a greater N supplementing ability than mungbean.