大强度间歇游泳运动对青年肥胖女性减肥效果的研究

目的：探讨大强度间歇游泳运动对青年肥胖女性减肥的效果。方法：20名自愿参加青年肥胖女性随机分为对照组和实验组各10名，实验组进行12周4次/周大强度间歇游泳运动，运动方案为以85%VO2max强度完成200m游、再以55%VO2max强度完成100m游、间歇休息3min为一组，重复6组；在运动计划实施前和12周结束时采用ZEUS9.9身体成分分析仪测定受试者身体成分。结果：与对照组或运动前比较，实验组青年肥胖女性的体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、WHR、体脂%、身体脂肪、内脏脂肪和皮下脂肪均出现极显著性或显著性减少（P<0.01，P<0.05)，而肌肉量和蛋白质量则出现显著性增加 (p<0.05）。结论：大强度间歇游泳运动对青年肥胖女性有明显的减肥效果。     

Assessing obesity in adult dogs and cats presenting for routine vaccination appointments in the North Island of New Zealand using electronic medical records data

Aims: To assess the prevalence of obesity in adult dogs and cats presented to first-opinion veterinary clinics in the North Island of New Zealand for routine vaccination appointments, using electronic medical records.

Methods: Ten first-opinion veterinary clinics across the North Island of New Zealand provided electronic medical records for all routine vaccination appointments for adult (>1 year old) dogs and cats between 1 January 2011 and 30 June 2016. Animals with a body condition score (BCS) of 6 or 7 on a 9-point scale and 4 on a 5-point scale were classified as overweight; those with a BCS of 8 or 9 on a 9-point scale and 5 on a 5-point scale were classified as obese. A total of 106,144 records were available over the study period, of which 48,041 (45.2%) had both a recorded weight and BCS.

Results: Of the 24,247 records for dogs with both BCS and weight, 6,324 (26.1%) were classified as overweight, and 551 (2.3%) as obese. The prevalence of dogs classified as overweight or obese was highest in dogs aged between 5–13 years. The odds of desexed dogs being classified as overweight or obese was greater than the odds for intact dogs (OR=1.42 (95% CI=1.29–1.57), p<0.001) adjusting for the effects of age. Of the 23,794 records for cats with a recorded weight and BCS, 5,222 (21.9%) were classified as overweight, and 622 (2.6%) as obese. The prevalence of cats classified as overweight or obese was highest in cats aged between 5–11 years. The odds of desexed cats being classified as overweight or obese tended to be greater than the odds for intact cats (OR=1.14 (95% CI=0.98–1.31); p=0.075), adjusting for the effects of age.

Conclusions: Although there are limitations with using electronic medical records to estimate the prevalence of obesity in companion animal populations, the results highlight that a significant number of animals presenting for routine vaccination appointments were classified as overweight or obese.

Clinical Relevance: It is important for veterinarians to record both patient body condition and weight during routine preventative care appointments to allow accurate ongoing monitoring of trends in obesity at both the patient and population levels.

Abbreviations: BCS: Body condition score     

不同采收期艾蒿水提物体外抗氧化活性的研究

试验研究了不同采收期艾蒿水提物主要的生物活性成分及其体外抗氧化活性。以料液比(艾蒿:水)1:15(g/mL),70℃水浴4 h制备艾蒿水提物,测定不同采收期艾蒿水提物中多糖、黄酮和多酚的含量,并测定艾蒿提取物对Fe3+的还原力及其对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除力。结果发现,8月份艾蒿水提物中多糖、黄酮和多酚的含量最高,体外抗氧化能力也最强,而6、7月份和9月份艾蒿水提物的体外抗氧化能力较低。研究表明,艾蒿水提物作为一种潜在的天然抗氧化剂资源,其主要的生物活性成分和抗氧化活性受采收期影响而存在一定的差异,与其他月份相比,8月份收割的艾蒿更适宜制备艾蒿水提物。     

虫草素预防肥胖及通过ADORA1介导GH3细胞中泌乳素分泌研究

为了研究虫草素是否具有预防肥胖的作用及其可能机制,试验利用高脂饮食诱导肥胖型高脂血症大鼠动物模型,并给予高、中、低不同剂量（50、25、12.5 mg/（kg·d））的虫草素,连续灌胃35 d后观察大鼠体重、脂肪系数、血脂水平的变化;体外培养大鼠脑垂体瘤细胞（GH3）,通过CCK8、Western blotting、ELISA等方法检测虫草素对GH3细胞的增殖毒性,以及腺苷受体A₁（ADORA₁）的表达和对泌乳素分泌量的影响。体内试验结果显示,与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠体重、脂肪系数和血脂水平（高密度脂蛋白（HDL）除外）均极显著升高（P<0.01）;虫草素高、中、低各剂量组均能极显著或显著降低大鼠体重、脂肪系数及总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平（P<0.01;P<0.05）,但HDL水平仅在虫草素高剂量组中显著升高（P<0.05）,而虫草素中、低剂量组均无显著变化（P>0.05）;体外试验结果显示,虫草素浓度低于25 μg/mL时对GH3细胞增殖无影响;虫草素能够诱导GH3细胞ADORA₁表达升高;虫草素和ADORA₁激动剂（R-PIA）单独作用能显著或极显著降低泌乳素的分泌量（P<0.05;P<0.01）,虫草素与ADORA₁抑制剂（DPCPX）联合作用时能够在一定程度上阻断虫草素对泌乳素的抑制作用。结果表明,虫草素具有预防肥胖和降血脂的作用,其可能的作用机制是通过诱导ADORA₁表达抑制泌乳素的分泌,该研究结果将为虫草素作为一种潜在的减肥降脂药物的开发提供一定依据。     

Contribution of flavonoids to the antioxidant properties of common and tartary buckwheat

The objective of this study was to characterize the flavonoid compounds found in the different grain parts of common and tartary buckwheat, and to determine the contribution of these flavonoids to the antioxidant properties of buckwheat. Eight flavonoid compounds were quantified and their antioxidant activity determined by FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays. Of the flavonoid compounds identified rutin was the most abundant, particularly in tartary buckwheat, in which it comprised approximately 90% of total flavonoid content. Flavan-3-ols were detected in common but not tartary buckwheat, and quercetin was detected only in tartary buckwheat. Flavonoid content—in particular, levels of rutin, orientin, and/or epicatechin gallate—was found to influence the total antioxidant activity of buckwheat. Results from this study indicate that antioxidant activity is not only closely associated with flavonoid content, but that different flavonoids contribute differently to the total antioxidant activity of common and tartary buckwheat.     

几种苯甲酰基脲类杀虫剂大面积地面喷雾防治赤松毛虫

１９９７～１９９８年春秋两季于河北省青龙县用杀铃脲、除虫脲和灭幼脲３号大面积地面低量喷雾防治赤松毛虫Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｌｉｍｕｓｓｐｅｃｔａｂｉｌｉｓ总面积达１６６６ｈｍ２,防治后平均虫口减退率达９５％,有效并持续地控制了松毛虫的危害。防治对林分内的有益生物种群无不良影响。     

吉林省小粒大豆与大粒大豆某些品质性状的比较研究

对吉林省小粒大豆进行了多项生化品质成分分析研究,结果表明;１．小粒大豆品种在蛋白质及氨基酸含量上均高于大粒大豆品种,平均分别高出２．８２％和１．５４％;脂肪含量低于大粒大豆各品种,但小粒大豆的脂肪酸组成中,亚油酸含量较高,比大粒大豆平均高出５．０９％,小粒大豆亚油酸与亚麻酸配比合适;２．小粒大豆的总糖含量低于大粒大豆,其还原糖含量却高于大粒大豆,平均高出０．６１％;小粒大豆各品种粗纤维一高于大粒大     

火龙果花中多酚类化合物抗氧化活性研究

对火龙果花中多酚类化合物抗氧化活性进行研究。采用抗氧化能力的体外实验方法,研究火龙果花中多酚类化合物的还原能力、清除·OH、O2-、 DPPH·和ABTS·四种自由基的能力,以评价其抗氧化性,并以BHT作为阳性对照。结果表明,火龙果花中多酚类化合物抗氧化能力与浓度(0.4～0.8 mg/mL)呈量效关系。虽总体抗氧化活性较弱于BHT,但总体趋势与BHT相同,在浓度为0.7 mg/mL时,其羟自由基清除活性甚至略高于对比溶液。因此,火龙果花中多酚类化合物具有较好的抗氧化活性,可进一步研究开发为抗氧化功能性食品。     

水分胁迫下持绿型高粱根系形态及其活力研究

在盆栽条件下,研究了开花期和灌浆期干旱胁迫对持绿型高粱B35和普通高粱三尺三根系形态及其活力的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,持绿型高粱B35具有较高的根干重,较大的根冠比、总根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、根系还原力和相对吸收表面积,并且在水分胁迫下降幅较小。在干旱条件下,持绿型高粱B35能保持较好的根系形态和具有较高的根系活力,是持绿型高粱抗旱机制之一。     

磷、钾对番茄可溶性碳水化合物分配的影响

以番茄苗为试验材料,研究了不同浓度磷、钾对番茄植株可溶性碳水化舍物分配的影响。结果表明：磷、钾亏缺处理45d后,与正常磷、钾处理相比,磷亏缺的植株冠根比下降,而钾亏缺的植株冠根比则上升。钾亏缺的植株叶片中,蔗糖、还原糖和总可溶性糖含量均表现为上升,根中则表现为下降。磷亏缺的植株叶片中,蔗糖、还原糖和总可溶性糖含量基本不变,而在根中则表现为不同程度的增加。在叶和根的总可溶性糖中,钾亏缺和磷亏缺的植株,根部总可溶性糖所占的比例分别为10．71％和45．65％,两者的对照分别为28．63％和33．11％。上述结果表明,钾和磷在光合产物的转运中所起的作用不同,植株中营养元素亏缺不同,干物质在不同部位的分配也不同。