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排序方式: 共有768条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Smita JainRafat S. Ahmed Vinod Kumar AroraBasu Dev Banerjee 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,100(2):182-186
Triazophos, O,O-diethyl-1-H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl phosphorothioate, (TZ) is an organophosphorus pesticide which is extensively used in agriculture for controlling insect pests. Except a FAO/WHO report no study has investigated its short-term toxicity with respect to its potential to cause biochemical and histopathological alterations. The present study was designed to identify the effect of TZ at different doses (1.64, 3.2 and 8.2 mg/kg) on the oxidative stress parameters in blood as well as organs involved in xenobiotic metabolism (liver and brain) following chronic exposure for 90 days. Moreover, the study also delineates the effect of TZ on the histo-architecture of these organs. The results indicated a dose dependent induction (p < 0.001) of oxidative stress, as evident by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and compromised antioxidant defense including glutathione S transferase (GST) activity, glutathione (GSH) content and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in blood, and increased MDA level with concomitantly decreased GSH content in tissues, following chronic exposure to TZ. The ratio of MDA: FRAP in blood was found to be increased following chronic exposure to TZ and may serve as a suitable indicator of severity of oxidative damage. Onset of such biochemical alterations is one of the early adaptive responses to TZ exposure which leads to histopathological alterations in terms of diffuse fatty changes expanding from mid-zonal area to whole lobule in liver. However, increased oxidative stress did not bring any morphological alteration in brain. The present study concludes that induction of oxidative stress, leading to subsequent histopathological alterations in liver, is an important mechanism underlying the TZ induced chronic toxicity. 相似文献
52.
采用淹水密闭培养-间歇淋洗法,研究了有机肥(猪粪和牛粪)与化肥(尿素)氮以不同比例配施后对水稻土铵态氮释放特征的影响。结果表明:与单施100%尿素处理相比,培养到28 d,配施有机肥处理(除80%尿素氮配施20%牛粪氮、70%尿素氮配施30%牛粪氮和50%尿素氮配施30%牛粪氮处理)显著降低土壤铵态氮的累积释放量,且随有机肥配施比例的增加降幅增大,降低幅度为5.78%~41.20%(P0.05);培养28~90 d,配施有机肥处理(50%尿素氮配施30%牛粪氮处理除外)的土壤铵态氮释放量显著提高;至培养90 d,50%尿素氮配施50%猪粪氮和80%尿素氮配施20%牛粪氮处理的土壤铵态氮累积释放量显著高于单施100%尿素处理,提高幅度分别为4.81%和9.32%(P0.05)。培养结束时,氮素减施20%(单施80%尿素氮、50%尿素氮配施30%猪粪氮和50%尿素氮配施30%牛粪氮)处理的土壤铵态氮累积释放量与单施100%尿素处理无显著差异。本研究表明,50%尿素氮配施30%猪粪氮既可以降低土壤铵态氮前期释放速率,又可以增加水稻土持续稳定的供氮能力,对减少氮肥损失维持作物生产具有重要意义。 相似文献
53.
Joke Geets Brigitte Borremans Jaco Vangronsveld Ludo Diels Dani?l van der Lelie 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2005,5(3):149-163
Background, Aims and Scope Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are known for their capacity to reduce and precipitate heavy metals (HM) as metal sulfides,
offering the opportunity to create an in situ reactive zone for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated groundwater, a process
called in situ metal precipitation (ISMP). The applicability of the ISMP technology first has to be investigated at a laboratory
scale before going into an on site application. The evaluation and optimization of the ISMP process is facilitated when physical/chemical
analysis techniques are combined with molecular tools that specifically monitor the abundance, diversity and dynamics of the
indigenous sulfate reducing microbial community. In this study, batch experiments were conducted in order to investigate the
feasibility of ISMP as a groundwater remediation strategy for an industrial site contaminated with elevated levels of Zn,
Cd, Co and Ni.
Methods The potential of different types of carbon source/ electron donor (lactate, acetate, methanol, ethanol, Hydrogen Release
Compound?, molasses) to stimulate the sulfate reduction and metal precipitation activity of the naturally present (or indigenous)
SRB community was explored. In addition, the effect of amending vitamin B12 and yeast extract was evaluated. The ISMP process
was monitored by combining analytical analyzes of process parameters (SO42-concentration, heavy metal concentrations,
pH, Eh) with molecular tools such as SRB subgroup and genus specific PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE),
and phylogenetic analysis of clone sequences, based on either the 16S rRNA or the dsr (dissimilatory sulfite reductase) gene.
Results and Discussion The efficiency of different carbon-sources to stimulate the ISMP process followed the order HRC 〉 molasses 〉 methanol
〉 lactate 〉 ethanol 〉 acetate. Within 10 weeks, the highest sulfate and metal removal efficiencies ranged from 85% to 99%.
Addition of yeast extract boosted the ISMP process, whereas vitamin B12 negligibly affected SRB activity. Analysis of the
sulfate reducing population by SRB subgroup and genus specific PCR demonstrated that members of the genus Desulfosporosinus
dominated in all batch tests, while 16S rDNA DGGE profiles additionally revealed the presence in the microbial communities
of non-sulfate reducing bacteria within the family Clostridium and the -proteobacteria. The dsrB-based DGGE profiles
allowed us to assess the diversity and dynamics of the sulfate reducing community and added to a better understanding of the
effects of different batch conditions on the ISMP process. Remarkably, all dsrB sequences affiliated with the dsrB gene sequence
cluster found in Desulfotomaculum, which received their xenologous dsrB gene from the -proteobacteria.
Conclusions The batch experiments, which aimed at stimulating the activities of the indigenous SRB communities, demonstrated that these
communities were present and that their activities could be used to obtain efficient in situ precipitation of the contaminating
heavy metals. This opens the possibility to test this concept in the future as an on site demonstration as part of the groundwater
strategy for the heavy metal contaminated site. Although batch setups are suitable for preliminary feasibility studies for
ISMP, they do not reflect the in situ situation where sulfate and heavy metal and metalloid polluted groundwater are supplied
continuously. A sulfate reducing strain JG32A was isolated from whose 16S rRNA gene affiliated with the genus Desulfosporosinus,
while its dsrB gene sequence clustered with Desulfotomaculum dsrB gene sequences, which received their xenologous dsr genes
from -proteobacteria. Therefore we hypothesize that the batch experiments enrich members of the Desulfosporosinus
genus that possess a non-orthologous dsrB gene.
Recommendation and Perspective The next step towards an on site pilot test for ISMP will be the setup of a series of column experiments, with process conditions
that are selected based on the above mentioned results. This will allow to define optimal ISMP process conditions and to test
its long-term efficacy and sustainability before going into an on site bioremediation application. By applying the described
molecular tools together with physical-chemical analyzes, it can be investigated whether the same SRB community is enriched
and which type of C-source is most effective in promoting and sustaining its growth and sulfate-reduction activity. 相似文献
54.
55.
Mythily SubramaneyaanSachin Rustagi Sambit N. BhattacharyaAsok K. Tripathi Basu D. BanerjeeRafat S. Ahmed 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,102(1):91-94
The scabicide, lindane induces oxidative stress and immunological alterations. The present study was undertaken to assess the ameliorative effects of antioxidant supplementation in lindane treated scabies patients. Scabies patients were treated with either 1% lindane or 1% lindane along with antioxidant (Lycored or Vitamin-E). Oxidative stress and immunological parameters were evaluated in blood samples and compared with healthy controls. Lindane caused a significant increase in malonedialdehyde (MDA) levels and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), which was attenuated by anti-oxidant therapy. The IL-1α levels were significantly enhanced in scabies patients per se and remained unaffected after lindane/anti-oxidant treatment. The TNF-α and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction levels were not significantly different in all the groups. Topical application of lindane induces significant free radical generation and may cause immunological alterations which can be reversed by antioxidant therapy. 相似文献
56.
为研究水溶性富勒烯衍生物抗氧化性能,通过控制反应配比,合成三种具有不同加成数目的水溶性C60-β-丙氨酸衍生物,C6(0NHCH2CH2COONa)nHn。采用红外、紫外、核磁共振、元素分析等手段对其进行结构表征。元素分析表明,三种不同加成数目的水溶性C60-β-丙氨酸衍生物A、B、C的加成数分别为2、4、8。同时考察三种衍生物的还原能力及金属螯合能力。结果表明,在还原能力体系中,当三种衍生物A、B、C浓度为2.5μmol.mL-1时,吸光度分别为0.424、0.612和1.040;在金属螯合能力体系中,三种衍生物A、B、C的半螯合浓度(当螯合率达到50%时,所需螯合物的浓度)分别为0.348、0.261和0.135μmol.mL-1。随着加成数目的增多,C60-β-丙氨酸衍生物的还原能力及金属螯合能力增强。 相似文献
57.
目的系统观察祛风化痰针刺法改善假性球麻痹患者吞咽功能障碍的作用。方法将240例确诊为风痰型假性球麻痹的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各120例,分别给予祛风化痰针刺法和模拟针刺法治疗,取穴风池(双)、完骨(双)、廉泉、丰隆(双)。每天上、下午各针刺1次,连续6 d为1疗程,疗程间休息1 d,治疗4个疗程。采用洼田饮水试验方法于治疗前、治疗2、4个疗程后进行吞咽功能级别评定,4个疗程后进行疗效评定和比较。结果第2个疗程结束后两组患者的吞咽功能评级与治疗前比较有较显著的提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05);与治疗前比较,第4疗程结束后吞咽功能评级进一步显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),治疗组较对照组更优,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组的治愈率、显效率和总有效率均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论祛风化痰针刺法改善假性球麻痹患者吞咽功能有肯定、持续且显著的作用,有较大的临床应用价值。 相似文献
58.
低分子量有机还原性物质与土壤的相互作用Ⅰ.低分子量有机还原性物质的化学性质 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
应用多学科研究手段,研究了低分子量有机还原性物质的化学性质。主要结果是,该类物质含-COOH和-C-=NOH2功能团、酚类化合物、挥发性有机酸,等电点变动在3.5~9.5。不同还原强度组份的峰电位大多分布在0.00~0.70 V,负电荷有机还原性物质可占总量的70%~80%,表观分子量小于500~1 000,在电极过程中具有明显的伏安行为。 相似文献
59.
60.
为进一步优化全膜双垄沟播玉米生产技术,2020 — 2022年在甘肃省中部半干旱雨养农业区研究了玉米减穴增株高产高效栽培技术。试验采用全膜双垄沟播技术,设每穴留苗1株(对照)、留苗2 株、留苗3 株、留苗4株4个处理,观察各处理下玉米经济性状、生育期和产量。结果表明,在密度相同的情况下,全膜双垄沟播玉米每穴留苗3株、4株主要性状明显优于每穴留苗1株。每穴苗4株玉米折合产量为7 723.48 kg/hm2,较每穴留苗1株增产723.48 kg/hm2,增产率10.34%;每穴留苗3株为7 549.24 kg/hm2,较每穴留苗1株增产549.24 kg/hm2,增产率7.85%,增产效果明显。该种植模式适宜在海拔2 000 m以下、年降水量350~500 mm的半干旱雨养农业区应用。 相似文献