长兴县茶叶生产主体调查与思考

通过对全县有代表性的90余户生产主体的问卷调查,揭示了长兴县茶叶生产现状、特点和问题,也进行了相关讨论,最后提出了一些建议。     

农牧民对禁牧政策的意愿及其影响因素分析

采用问卷调查方法,以宁夏自治区盐池县为例,调查了农牧民对封育禁牧政策的意愿及其影响因素。调查结果表明,92.4%的受访者认为封育禁牧政策对恢复草原生态成效显著,草原生态环境得到改善,78.0%的受访者表示支持禁牧政策,但同时有42.6%的受访者表示禁牧对其生活造成了负面影响,高达81.8%的受访农牧民认为存在偷牧现象。调查结果也揭示出当前封育禁牧政策对政策参与者切身利益关注不足,增加了弱势群体(受教育程度低,收入少,生存条件差,老年人群、妇女等)的生存风险,政策制定过程中农牧民参与度不够,后续配套政策措施不完善,跟进不及时等现实问题,影响了实施效果。建议政策制定和实施过程中,必须充分考虑当地居民最基本的生存与发展权利,发展地区优势产业,实现生态、经济、社会的综合可持续发展。     

成人心理素质问卷的编制及信效度检验

根据心理素质多维理论以及双因子模型理论编制成人心理素质问卷,先后2次在重庆等7个省市选取成人被试进行访谈,依据访谈结果分析形成成人心理素质的初测和预测问卷,并在全国三大片区内抽取2 225名成人被试进行了测试.编制的成人心理素质问卷共25个题项,包括心理素质一般因子以及认知特性、个性品质和适应能力3个特殊因子,该问卷的信效度良好,符合心理测量学要求,可以作为成人心理素质的测量工具.     

Questionnaire investigation to clarify the occurrence rate and characteristics of maternal rejection behavior in Japanese black cattle (Bos taurus)

We conducted a questionnaire investigation among breeding farmers to clarify the actual conditions of maternal rejection in Japanese Black cattle. We asked keeping experience of maternal rejective cows and compared occurrence patterns, rejective behavior manners, birth assistance methods, colostrum feeding method for calves, parity and rearing conditions of the cows. We found that 24% of the farms had kept rejective cows and 6% of the cows in these farms indicated maternal rejections. The most common occurrence pattern was ‘Occurred from the first birth (65.6%)’ and behavior manner was performing no maternal grooming with aggressive behavior (75%). Almost all the farmers assisted in each parturition (P < 0.05). There was not a significant difference among the colostrum feeding methods, but a significant difference in the rearing conditions of the cows, except for the cows with no data (P < 0.005). The parity of the rejective cows did not significantly differ in association with rejective behavior manners, birth assistance methods, colostrum feeding methods or rearing conditions. These results suggest that the occurrence rate of maternal rejection in Japanese Black cattle was approximately 6% and many of the rejective cows continuously performed no maternal grooming with aggressive behavior.     

中医儿科诊疗指南·流行性腮腺炎(修订)第二轮专家调查问卷结果分析

目的 筛选和评价中医儿科专家对《中医儿科诊疗指南·流行性腮腺炎》草稿框架以及诊疗意见的集中程度与协调程度,修订科学实用的《中医儿科诊疗指南·流行性腮腺炎》。方法 采用德尔菲法,在文献研究总结及第一轮问卷调查反馈的基础上制定第二轮专家调查问卷（内容包括术语和定义、诊断、辨证、辨证要点、治疗、预防和调护）,向全国17省36位专家进行问卷调查,采用专家积极系数、专家意见集中程度（均数、等级和、不重要百分比）、专家意见协调程度（变异系数）对问卷进行统计分析。结果 调查问卷收回有效问卷36份,回收率100%。专家对于流行性腮腺炎（修订）草稿中大部分指标意见的集中程度和协调程度较高,中药注射剂部分意见集中程度偏低,变异性较大,未达成共识。结论 专家的积极性和专业水平均较高,分布地区广,具有代表性,《中医儿科诊疗指南·流行性腮腺炎（修订）》框架涉及的条目基本得到专家的认可。     

长沙地区男性不育患者精索静脉宽度与中医体质类型相关性探讨

目的 通过对长沙地区男性不育患者进行中医体质的问卷调查,得出男性不育患者体质分布的特点及精索静脉宽度与中医体质的关系,分析常见病因对中医体质的影响,探讨中医药防治男性不育的新思路。方法 根据《中医体质分类与判定》（ZYYXH／T157-2009）对长沙地区344例不育男性进行中医体质判定,并分析精索静脉宽度与中医体质的相关性。结果 男性不育患者中平和体质占17.4%,单一偏颇体质占25.6%,混合偏颇体质占57.0%。总体体质类型前10位依次为平和质（17.4%）,湿热痰湿质（14.2%）,阳虚气虚质（9.59%）,湿热质（8.43%）,阳虚痰湿质（6.69%）,痰湿质（5.81%）、气虚湿热质（5.81%）,气虚质（4.94%）,阳虚质（4.36%）,气郁气虚质（3.49%）。男性不育患者双侧精索静脉宽度与中医体质分布差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。湿热质、痰湿质在精索静脉曲张所致男性不育患者中分布比例较高。结论 男性不育患者中,平和质、湿热质和气虚质是主要单一体质类型;复合类型中各型相对分散,但仍然表现以湿热复合类为主要特征,而阳虚、气虚、痰湿复合类次之的分布特征。湿热质、痰湿质与精索静脉曲张所致男性不育存在一定联系。     

紫竹院公园使用状况评价

以紫竹院公园为调查对象,采用问卷法对其进行使用状况评价。通过对使用者基本信息、游憩情况、公园设施评价和公园总体评价进行研究,分析紫竹院公园使用状况,探求使用人群特点及其需求。结果表明:1)中、老年人成为公园的使用主体;2)活动内容因不同人群而异;3)健身设施和公园管理问题受到关注。建议:1)研究和建设以中老年人为使用主体的城市公园绿地是老龄化社会必须解决的课题;2)针对不同活动内容而进行的空间组织是城市公园建设的要点。     

Relationship between the Amount of Linoleic Acid in the Diet and That in the Adipose Tissue of Adult Cats Living Freely in Households

The present study was carried out to ascertain whether linoleic acid intake and the content of this fatty acid in adipose tissue are correlated in cats. The linoleic acid intake, as estimated from a food intake questionnaire, was indeed correlated with the linoleic acid content of the abdominal body fat in 165 adult, female cats. A statistically significant linear correlation coefficient of 0.43 was found between the percentage of linoleic acid in the adipose tissue and that in the diet. It is plausible that the observed acid content of adipose tissue of free-living cats may be considered to be a valid biomarker of linoleic acid intake that might be used in studies on diet and chronic disease.     

The potential Public Health Impact of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis: Global Opinion Survey of Topic Specialists

Global research knowledge has accumulated over the past few decades, and there is reasonable evidence for a positive association between Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease in humans, although its role as a human pathogen has not been entirely accepted. For this reason, management of public health risk due to M. paratuberculosis remains an important policy issue in agri‐food public health arenas in many countries. Responsible authorities must decide whether existing mitigation strategies are sufficient to prevent or reduce human exposure to M. paratuberculosis. A Web‐based questionnaire was administered to topic specialists to elicit empirical knowledge and opinion on the overall public health impact of M. paratuberculosis, the importance of various routes of human exposure to the pathogen, existing mitigation strategies and the need for future strategies. The questionnaire had four sections and consisted of 20 closed and five open questions. Topic specialists believed that M. paratuberculosis is likely a risk to human health (44.8%) and, given the paucity of available evidence, most frequently ranked it as a moderate public health issue (40.1%). A significant correlation was detected between topic specialists' commitment to M. paratuberculosis in terms of the number of years or proportion of work dedicated to this topic, and the likelihood of an extreme answer (high or low) to the above questions. Topic specialists identified contact with ruminants and dairy products as the most likely routes of exposure for humans. There was consensus on exposure routes for ruminants and what commodities to target in mitigation efforts. Described mandatory programmes mainly focused on culling diseased animals and voluntary on‐farm prevention programmes. Despite ongoing difficulties in the identification of subclinical infections in animals, the topic specialists largely agreed that further enhancement of on‐farm programmes in affected commodities by the agri‐food industry (68.4%) and allocation of resources by governments to monitor the issue (92%) are most appropriate given the current state of evidence.     

Rabies-vaccination coverage and profiles of the owned-dog population in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia

The Bolivian government issued a regulation for rabies control in November 2005, owing to increasing the prevalence of dog and human rabies cases in recent years. An assessment of rabies-vaccination coverage and other factors that might influence the success of the on-going vaccination campaign was needed. The objective of this study was to investigate dog rabies vaccination coverage and risk factors associated with dogs being unvaccinated against rabies, and profiles of the owned-dog population in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, where dog rabies was endemic. Mainly due to logistical reasons, the WHO's expanded programme on immunization cluster-survey method was used. The 390 households were included in the study. Information about dog population and management characteristics was obtained for 542 dogs from 301 households. On average, households had 1.4 dogs and 1.8 dogs per dog-owning household (median = 1). The human-to-dog ratio was 4.6 : 1. During the last 1 year prior to the study, of the 539 dogs aged >or=1 month, 463 (85%; 95% CI 79-91; design effect 3.6) were classified as vaccinated. Amongst the study dogs, dogs aged 1-11 months were the higher risk of dogs not being vaccinated (OR = 8.2; 95% CI 4.3-15.6; P < 0.01). Almost two-thirds of the study dogs were allowed to roam freely throughout the day or in part. Community education efforts should address the importance of dog ownership and movement restriction, and the need to vaccinate young dogs.