不同钠盐胁迫对高冰草种子萌发的影响

通过对高冰草种子在不同钠盐(NaCl、NaHCO3、Na2CO3)溶液中萌发情况的研究,旨在探明高冰草种子在不同盐胁迫下的萌发特性。结果表明:碱性盐(NaHCO3、Na2CO3)胁迫较中性盐(NaCl)胁迫显著降低了高冰草的发芽率。高冰草种子在NaCl浓度150mmol/L、NaHCO3浓度100mmol/L和Na2CO3浓度50mmol/L时萌发受到明显抑制。不同钠盐胁迫下高冰草种子胚根和胚芽的受抑制大小顺序为,中性盐NaCl胁迫:胚根<胚芽;碱性盐NaHCO3和Na2CO3胁迫:胚根>胚芽。     

苇状羊茅盐胁迫下生理效应的研究

应用砂培试验对苇状羊茅盐胁迫下的生理效应进行了研究,通过对苇状羊茅盐胁迫下的相对鲜重,相对干重,根冠比,脯氨酸含量,叶绿素含量及根系活力进行测定,表明,低浓度的盐处理下,苇状羊茅生长未表现出受不利因素影响,但此时羊茅已对外界高渗溶液做出生理反应,叶片中脯氨酸含量成倍增加;随着盐胭控浓度的增大,羊茅相对鲜重,相对干重,根系活力均降低２,生长和生理上都表现出盐害效应同时叶片中脯氨酸和叶绿素含量增加,反     

鸡实验性尿酸盐沉积症的肾脏病理学研究

将１２０只３５日龄迪卡商品代蛋用雏鸡随机分为高钙组、高蛋白组和对照组,分别饲喂高钙（含钙３．９％）、高蛋白（含粗蛋白４４．０％）和全价（含钙０．８％,粗蛋白１８．２％）饲料。试验第２５天,各组剖检５只鸡,作肾脏的光镜和电镜观察。结果表明,高钙、高蛋白饲料均能引发尿酸盐沉积。高钙组鸡肾脏肿大,表面及切面有大量尿酸盐结晶;输尿管扩张,管内充满白色尿酸盐沉积物。光镜观察,肾小球肿胀,近曲及远曲小管上皮细胞肿胀、变性。电镜观察,近曲小管上皮绒毛短缩、肿胀、断裂、脱落,线粒体肿胀、嵴断裂;远曲小管线粒体肿胀,呈现空泡,核呈锯齿型。高蛋白组眼观病变不明显,肾脏的光镜、电镜病变与高钙组相似,但损伤程度较轻。作者认为,高钙、高蛋白所致肾脏损害是鸡尿酸盐沉积症的重要原因。     

Response of Sorghum to Abiotic Stresses: A Review

Sorghum [(Sorghum bicolor L.) Moench] is a highly productive crop plant, which can be used for alternative energy resource, human food, livestock feed or industrial purposes. The biomass of sorghum can be utilized as solid fuel via thermochemical routes or as a carbohydrate substrate via fermentation processes. The plant has a great adaptation potential to drought, high salinity and high temperature, which are important characteristics of genotypes growing in extreme environments. However, the climate change in the 21st century may bring about new challenges in the cultivated areas. In this review, we summarize the most recent literature about the responses of sorghum to the most important abiotic stresses: nutrient deficiency, aluminium stress, drought, high salinity, waterlogging or temperature stress the plants have to cope with during cultivation. The advanced molecular and system biological tools provide new opportunities for breeders to select stress‐tolerant and high‐yielding cultivars.     

Aquacrop模型在北疆棉花生育期灌溉洗盐制度优化中的适用性

为明确Aquacrop模型在北疆棉田膜下滴灌和地下滴灌方式下生长和生产模拟的适用性，并探究棉田生育期最优灌溉洗盐制度，该研究以2020和2021年的田间试验数据对模型参数进行校正和验证，并用校正好的模型揭示3种灌溉水平（100%ETc、80%ETc、60%ETc，其中ETc为作物需水量）、3种淋洗总定额（0、120和240 mm）、3种灌水频率（5、7和10 d/次）和3种降水年型（湿润年、平水年、干旱年）对棉花产量和灌溉水生产力的影响。结果表明，2021年所有处理的冠层覆盖度、地上生物量归一化均方根误差（normalized root mean square error, NRMSE）不大于20.998%，一致性指数d≥0.967，决定系数R²≥0.914，产量均方根误差（root mean square error, RMSE）、NRMSE、d和R²分别为0.389 t/hm²、6.797%、0.836和0.754，模型整体模拟效果良好。基于58 a气象数据的模型模拟表明：灌溉水平、淋洗定额、降水年型对棉花产量和灌溉水生产力的影响显著，灌水频率的影响不显著；在平均土壤含盐量范围为12～18 g/kg的植棉区域，综合考虑产量、灌溉水生产力及实际生产情况，湿润年推荐80%ETc+120 mm的灌溉淋洗总定额，平水年和干旱年推荐100%ETc+120 mm的灌溉淋洗总定额；推荐延长灌水频率至10 d/次以减少灌水次数，节约成本。研究可以为Aquacrop模型在棉田中的应用积累经验，为农业水资源高效利用提供理论指导与技术支撑。     

Salinity and Temperature Effects on Seed Germination of Milk Thistle

Abstract

Milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn] is an annual plant belonging to the Asteraceae family whose ripe seeds contain flavonoid substances, which are important in the modern pharmaceutical industry. Seed germination is a major factor limiting the establishment of plants under saline conditions. The effect of salinity and temperatures on germination and seedling establishment was studied in two genotypes of milk thistle, an Iranian wild type and German (Royston) type in the laboratory and in the field. Experiments were done with seven salt concentrations [0.1 (control), 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 dS/m] and three temperatures (15, 25, and 35°C). There were three replications for each treatment, and the experiment was run three times. The results showed that the percentage of germination and the number of normal seedlings at different salt treatment at 15°C were higher than at 25 or 35°C. The mean time to 50% germination was least at this temperature for both genotypes. Results suggested all germination indices and seedling emergence (50%) were achieved at levels up to 9 dS/m salinity at 15°C. Also, seeds at a salinity of 9–15 dS/m will germinate and up to 25% of the control nonstress treatment could emerge at the low temperature of 15°C.     

达里湖和岗根湖东北雅罗鱼和鲫四种同工酶的比较研究

比较了达里湖和岗根湖的东北雅罗鱼(Leuciscus waleckii)和鲫(Carassius auratus)肌肉、肝脏、心肌组织中过氧化物酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)的差异。结果显示:达里湖中东北雅罗鱼和鲫在心脏和肝脏中POD、EST含量均高于岗根湖,而肌肉中含量相对低些;MDH、LDH在三种组织中的含量达里湖中的东北雅罗鱼和鲫也高于岗根湖。由试验结果可知,东北雅罗鱼和鲫心肌和肝脏中四种同工酶的含量高于岗根湖,肌肉中四种同工酶的含量相对稳定。     

不同葡萄品种膜质过氧化和保护酶活性对盐胁迫的响应

研究了不同浓度NaCl处理对双丰、左山二、贝达以及金玫瑰细胞膜透性、膜质过氧化和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明:不同处理间,4个品种耐NaCl胁迫的动态响应表现出显著差异。随胁迫浓度的增大和胁迫时间的延长,MDA含量和细胞膜透性表现出增高趋势,增高幅度由高到低的顺序为双丰、左山二、贝达、金玫瑰;保护酶SOD活性整体表现出先增后降趋势,金玫瑰和贝达升高幅度相对较大;POD活性整体表现出下降趋势,但金玫瑰和贝达下降幅度相对较小。     

复盐胁迫对几种燕麦种子萌发指数的影响

采用加拿大7种燕麦(A.nuda)种子,在不同梯度的Na2SO4、NaCl等组分盐溶液中进行发芽试验.结果表明:复盐胁迫下,种子开始发芽的时间推迟,发芽过程延长,随着盐胁迫浓度的增加,7种燕麦种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数、简易活力指数均有不同程度的降低,而盐害指数升高,且不同品种间存在显著或极显著差异；随复盐浓度的增...     

禾本科牧草K~+/Na~+与其耐盐性的关系

耐盐牧草有选择性吸收Ｋ＋的能力，通过比较在相同盐份中生长的不同牧草种的叶片Ｋ＋／Ｎａ＋，可鉴定出种间耐盐性，Ｋ＋／Ｎａ＋值大的材料耐盐性强。