星球城市化：风景园林的新理论基础

星球城市化是建立在对城市/非城市二元论批判上提出的立足全球尺度的城市理论，其对非城市区域的关注与思考，以及操作性景观等概念的提出，均论证了这一城市研究理论与风景园林学科的密切联系。以星球城市化为基础发展起来的一系列新思潮近年来对风景园林的教育与实践产生了重要影响，星球生态学、星球建筑学以及星球基础设施等新概念的提出为学科带来了新的思考角度与操作手法，同时也促进了风景园林与多个学科之间的良性交流与补充。在星球视野下的风景园林学科将凭借其综合性与包容性，在全球人居环境营造中承担更重要的责任。     

Quantitative trait loci mapping for yield-related traits under low and high planting densities in maize (Zea mays)

Average maize yield per hectare has increased significantly because of the improvement in high-density tolerance, but little attention has been paid to the genetic mechanism of grain yield response to high planting density. Here, we used a population of 301 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross YE478 × 08–641 to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 16 yield-related traits under two planting densities (57,000 and 114,000 plants per ha) across four environments. These yield-related traits responded differently to high-density stress. A total of 110 QTLs were observed for these traits: 33 QTLs only under low planting density, 50 QTLs under high planting density and 27 QTLs across both densities. Only two major QTLs, qCD6 and qWKEL2-2, were identified across low- and high-density treatments. Seven environmentally stable QTLs were also observed containing qED6, qWKEL3, qRN3-3, qRN7-2, qRN9-2 and qRN10 across both densities, as well as qRN9-1 under low density. In addition, 16 and eight pairs of loci with epistasis interaction (EPI) were detected under low and high planting densities, respectively. Additionally, nine and 17 loci showed QTL × environment interaction (QEI) under low- and high-density conditions, respectively. These interactions are of lesser importance than the main QTL effects. We also observed 26 pleiotropic QTL clusters, and the hotspot region 3.08 concentrated nine QTLs, suggesting its great importance for maize yield. These findings suggested that multiple minor QTLs, loci with EPI and QEI, pleiotropy and the complex network of “crosstalk” among them for yield-related traits were greatly influenced by plant density, which increases our understanding of the genetic mechanism of yield-related traits for high-density tolerance.     

农业供应链金融风险的主要特征与风险防范的基本原则

我国农业供应链突出表现为“集体化”、“现代化”和“生态化”，资金的安全性、流动性和信用程度都需要整体协同管控。交易成本和信息不对称决定了我国农业供应链以间接融资为主，其金融风险的特征主要表现为道德风险突出、整体风险难识别、可能引致区域系统性风险和行业系统性风险。因此，应当因地制宜确定农业供应链金融支持项目，并运用系统论原理控制农业供应链金融风险。     

农业转移人口市民化过程中的企业行为研究——基于博弈论的视角

以企业行为为研究对象,梳理了农业转移人口市民化过程中企业成本的概念、内涵、类型,并构建博弈论模型,分析了农业转移人口市民化过程中的企业承担意愿及行为选择,针对性地提出了促进企业主动参与农业转移人口市民化进程的建议。     

Mapping and validation of the quantitative trait loci for leaf stay‐green‐associated parameters in maize

Functional stay‐green is generally regarded as a desirable trait of varieties in major crops including maize. In this study, we used an F_3:4 recombinant inbred line population with 165 lines from a cross between a stay‐green inbred line (Zheng58) and a model inbred line (B73) using 211 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers to map quantitative trait loci for three stay‐green‐associated parameters, chlorophyll content, photosystem II photochemical efficiency and stay‐green area, at maturity stage, detected a total of 23 quantitative trait loci (QTL) on nine chromosomes. Single QTL explained 3.7–13.5% of the phenotypic variance. Additionally, we validated some important stay‐green QTL using a heterogeneous inbred family approach and found that the stay‐green‐associated parameters were significantly correlated with the plant yield. This study may contribute to a better insight into the regulatory mechanism behind leaf stay‐green in maize and a novel development of elite maize varieties with delayed leaf senescence through molecular marker‐assisted selection.     

菠萝酸性转化酶基因家族初步生物信息学及表达分析

酸性转化酶（acid invertase, AIN）在菠萝采后蔗糖降解过程中起着重要作用,基于菠萝全基因组数据库,预测菠萝AIN家族基因并进行生物信息学分析,解析其在采后菠萝不同贮藏温度下的表达变化情况,为阐明AIN基因在采后菠萝果实贮藏特性中的作用奠定基础。以水稻AIN家族基因为探针,在菠萝全基因组中鉴定到2个菠萝细胞壁酸性转化酶基因（cell wall acid invertase, CWIN）和2个液泡酸性转化酶基因（vacuolar acid invertase, VIN）,分别命名为AcCWIN1、AcCWIN2、AcVIN1、AcVIN2,设计编码区引物进行测序验证,并进行生物信息学分析。进化分析结果表明,AcCWIN1、AcCWIN2和AcVIN1、AcVIN2蛋白分别归于细胞壁酸性转化酶和液泡酸性转化酶2个进化支上,且均属于糖基水解酶家族GH32,基因结构、保守域和保守基序均一致。荧光定量分析结果表明,菠萝果肉中AcVIN1和AcVIN2在果实采后贮藏过程中表达量升高,且AcVIN1在发生黑心病的部位大量表达,而AcCWIN1和AcCWIN2在采后贮藏过程中表达量逐渐降低,且随着贮藏温度的升高其表达量降低,预示AcVIN1、AcVIN2较AcCWIN1、AcCWIN2在菠萝采后蔗糖降解和黑心病的发生方面发挥着更为重要的作用。     

密度泛函法研究金丝桃素的结构特性与光活性

采用密度泛函法（Density functional theory method,DFT）在6-31G＊基组水平上对金丝桃素（Hypericin,4,4′,5,5′,7,7′-六羟基-2,2′M甲基-中位-萘骈二蒽酮,化学式为C30H16O8）的分子结构、轨道能量、电荷布居、红外图谱等进行了研究,并对分子中的不同氢键类型以及光活性的本质特性进行了讨论;同时对部分计算结果与实验数据进行了对比分析.结果表明,金丝桃素易于与生物分子发生作用从而破坏病变分子;理论计算的数据与一些已知的实验数据具有较好的吻合性,说明计算结果有效.     

论西方音乐本质观的三种模式及其演变规律

在西方音乐美学史上，出现了三种音乐本质观的模式：即以柏拉图和亚里斯多德为代表的古典时期的模仿论，以黑格尔和李斯特为代表的浪漫时期的表现论和以汉斯立克等为代表的现代时期的形式论。每一种模式的出现都扎根于时代的思潮和哲学思想的转变，三种模式的演变，代表了人类对音乐本质特征的深刻认识，表征着人类对音乐的本质认识的深度和广度。对此研究对我们今天中国的音乐教育和音乐理论建设有一定的启示作用。     

带常利率和相依结构更新风险模型的破产概率

研究了一类具有常利率及相依结构的Sparre Andersen模型, 模型中假设理赔间隔时间决定下一次理赔额的分布情况. 对一般分布情形, 利用推广后的调节系数方程与递归更新技巧, 得到了此模型的最终破产概率上界的估计. 最后以理赔额和理赔间隔时间都服从指数分布的情况下的实例分析来说明该模型的有效性.