不同胚胎移植方式的移植效率比较

在人源化抗体转基因猪的研究工作中，将所设计的转基因胚胎成功植入能繁发情受体母猪的输卵管内是推进后续研究工作的基础。所以，本研究对比了两种胚胎移植方法对62例受体母猪的手术效果，结果表明，采用输卵管伞部移植方式的移植效率（60%）显著高于刺破输卵管移植方式（31.8%）。     

Establishment of a mouse model of sepsis associated encephalopathy and preliminary research of cognitive dysfunction in this model

AIM: To establish the mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) and the preliminary research of cognitive dysfunction in this model. METHODS: SPF male C57BL/6J mice of 8~10 weeks old were selected. The first part of the experiment divided the mice into 4 groups randomly, namely control group, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)1 group and CLP2 group (CLP was performed with 7 and 12 syringe needle respectively). The mice in sham operation group were only laparotomy. In the second part of the experiment, the mice were randomly divided into control group, sham operation group and CLP group. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the postoperative survival rate of the mice in the first part experiment. The neurobehavioral scores were used to evaluate the neurobehavioral changes of the mice. The Morris water maze test and the passive avoidance experiment were used to detect the changes of cognitive memory function in the mice. The pole test and the wire suspension test were used to test the motor coordination of the mice. The serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: In the first part of the experiment, the CLP mice showed obvious symptoms such as lethargy, piloerection, chills and anorexia. The 48 h mortality in CLP1 group and CLP2 group were 20% and 30% respectively. In the 2 parts of the experiments, the neurobehavioral scores of the CLP mice were significantly lower than those in control group and the sham operation group (P<0.01). In CLP mice, the escape latency time of the Morris water maze was significantly prolonged (P<0.01), the target quadrant dwell time and the number of crossing platforms were decreased (P<0.01), the scores in the suspension experiment and the pole test were significantly reduced (P<0.01), the activity of the mice was decreased or even did not enter the darkroom in the step-through test (P<0.05). In the second part of the experiment, the serum level of PGE₂ in the mice after CLP was significantly increased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: A stable mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy is successfully established by cecal ligation and puncture with 12 syringe needle. The SAE mouse model established by this method is useful for investigating the learning and memory cognitive dysfunction.     

用冲击共振法无损检测梨采后质地的变化

采用冲击共振法无损检测砀山梨采后质地变化，并与插入型破坏性实验和感官评定等实验结果进行比较。结果发现，冲击共振法所测硬度系数与插入型破坏性实验测得的弹性率有较好的相关性(r=0．88)，与最大插入力相关系数为r=0．82。冲击共振测试所得果实硬度系数平均在23.00以上时，果实质地酥脆，品质较好；平均在16．00以下时，果实质地开始酥软，趋向蜂窝状，品质差。冲击共振法无损检测值误差波动范围较小。     

基于水培生菜力学特征的成熟度分类方法

为了能准确识别生菜的成熟度,实现生菜适时采收,避免因采收期不当而造成品质下降等问题,该研究提出用穿刺试验力学特征表征水培生菜成熟度的方法,提取同一颗生菜不同叶片的不同部位时域和频域的力学特征,得到叶片力学特征与叶片成熟特性指标的相关性。为了对水培生菜未成熟株、成熟株、过成熟株进行准确分类,设计双阈值深度遍历算法,确定分类准确率最高的叶片类型和区域;采用6种机器学习算法以该区域所有的力学特征为输入,以成熟度3种分类为输出进行训练。试验结果表明,生菜叶片力学特征与成熟度特性指标紧密相关,生菜中叶叶茎区域分类准确率最高,可优化集成分类机器学习算法准确率最高为94.3%。研究结果提供了一种应用力学特征解决水培生菜成熟度检测与分类的新方法。     

不同成熟度荷叶力学特性试验研究

为减少撤肥机藕田作业时肥料颗粒在被高速抛出以及下落过程中对荷叶造成的冲击损伤,对不同成熟度荷叶的力学特性进行了研究.以"鄂莲一号"荷叶为对象,利用质构仪以成熟度、部位和方向为因素进行了拉伸、穿刺全因素试验,利用ANSYS软件对荷叶拉伸与肥料冲击过程进行了仿真.结果 表明:荷叶弹性模量为2.53～-7.45 MPa,最大拉力为2.65～5.02 N,取样部位对弹性模量影响极显著,成熟度对弹性模量影响显著,拉伸方向对弹性模量影响不显著;荷叶表面能够承受的最大穿刺力为0.86～-1.3 N,取样部位对抵抗穿刺能力影响显著,成熟度对抵抗穿刺能力影响不显著;拉伸仿真试验中荷叶断裂前的拉伸曲线与实际拉伸曲线最大、最小误差为14％和3％,根据冲击仿真试验结果推测的荷叶破坏形式与实际撤肥试验中荷叶破损情况较一致.研究结果可为荷叶加工利用以及藕田撒肥机的设计提供参考.     

数字减影血管造影定位引导技术在动态采集恒河猴脑脊液中的应用

探索数字减影血管造影(DSA)定位引导技术在恒河猴脑脊液动态采集中的应用。将28只恒河猴随机均分为2组,经左前肢静脉推注30g/L戊巴比妥钠溶液全麻后,常规剔除背部脊柱周围体毛并消毒;试验组在DSA定向引导技术下行腰椎间隙穿刺蛛网膜下腔采集脑脊液,结果14只全部穿刺成功,穿刺后均有脑脊液从穿刺针中流出;对照组直接行腰椎间隙穿刺蛛网膜下腔,8只穿刺成功,6只穿刺失败,后经DSA定位引导技术调整针尖方向与位置,完成穿刺,采集到脑脊液;28只恒河猴穿刺成功后均在DSA定位引导下将硬膜外麻醉导管经蛛网膜下腔至枕大池,置泵于腰背部,通过所置的泵可实现恒河猴在清醒、全生理状态下对脑脊液进行动态多次采集,快速省时,由于采样导管置于枕大池,采集到的脑脊液无色透明、样品质量有保证,易于满足检验需要,具有一定的实用价值。     

H5N1流感病毒感染恒河猴短期和恢复期病理学观察

为观察恒河猴在感染H5N1流感病毒后短期和恢复期的病理学变化,利用1株鹅源H5N1流感病毒环甲膜穿刺接种恒河猴。感染后短期内恒河猴产生了典型的肺炎和肺外器官不同程度的损伤,3个月后,恒河猴从病理上表现恢复。病理检查结果表明,H5N1流感病毒对恒河猴的感染是一种急性的呼吸道综合征,并伴有多器官功能不全的症状,随着感染时间的延长,可通过自身免疫调节恢复正常。     

小儿低位右颈内静脉套针直接穿刺的临床观察

目的：寻求小儿经皮颈内静脉穿刺置管的捷径。方法：选１０岁以下患儿１００例,平均年龄（６．２±２．１）岁,随机分为两组（ｎ＝５０）,Ⅰ组（实验组）用１８号短套针直接低位右颈内静脉穿刺置管,Ⅱ组（对照组）用传统高位穿插导引置管。结果：首次穿刺置管成功Ⅰ组４９例（占９８％）、Ⅱ组４０例（占８０％）,两组比较有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）;误穿动脉Ⅰ组１例（占２％）,Ⅱ组６例（占１２％）,两组比较也有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）;Ⅱ组４例首次穿刺未见回血。结论：低位右颈内静脉直接套针穿刺成功率高于传统的高位穿刺导引置管法,且并发症少,更适用于１０岁以下小儿经皮静脉穿刺中心静脉置管     

Exophthalmia in wild‐caught cod (Gadus morhua L.): development of a secondary barotrauma effect in captivity

Capture‐based aquaculture (CBA) of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) has become increasingly important in recent years, and increased attention is being paid to animal welfare issues linked to these activities. Earlier studies showed that some cod develop secondary exophthalmia in captivity. This study investigated the development of secondary exophthalmia in two groups of wild‐caught cod, one of which was exposed to rapid decompression causing acute barotrauma (treatment group) while the other was not (control group). Photographs and radiographs before and up to 33 days after barotrauma revealed a significant increase in overall eye protrusion caused by an accumulation of gas in the orbita in the treatment group, first observed on day 9 after decompression, while no protrusions were observed in the control group. Barotrauma was thus identified as an important trigger for the development of secondary uni‐ or bilateral exophthalmia of wild‐caught cod. Two underlying mechanisms are suggested, where the more likely is residual swim bladder gas taking the route of least resistance, while the less likely is the exsolution of gas from the blood. Our results have implications for a wide range of contexts in which cod are rapidly brought to the surface from great depth.     

玉米不同耐密植品种茎秆穿刺强度的变化特征

以耐密抗倒性不同的品种（稀植大穗品种JK 518和JK 519、耐密抗倒品种XY335和CS 1;中等耐密品种ND 108）为材料,设5个密度处理,研究玉米茎秆的穿刺强度（RPS）的变化特点及其对群体种植密度的响应。结果表明玉米茎秆穿刺强度随生育期递进而增强,不同耐密性品种间随种植密度变化有较大差异。茎秆基部节间的穿刺强度随群体密度增加呈线性递减。茎秆节间RPS随着节位的上升而呈二次函数递减;不同耐密性品种间RPS以抽雄-吐丝期差异明显,以穗位以下节间,尤其第3～6节间表现差异较大。玉米抽雄前茎壁增厚早、