正常妊娠和妊高征孕妇血清载脂蛋白AI和B含量的分件

用透射比浊法测定２８２例正常妊娠孕妇和５３例妊高征患者血浆载脂蛋白ＡＩ和Ｂ含量，结果表明正常妊娠孕妇血ＡＩ和Ｂ含量随孕周增加而逐渐稳步升高，至３６－３７孕周达高峰，３８周后虽有所下降但仍保持在较高水平；妊高征患者血ＡＩ和Ｂ含量明显地较正常妊娠孕妇高，且随病情加重而升高；ＡＩ／Ｂ值变化不明显，提示ＡＩ含量和Ｂ含量在正常妊娠孕妇和妊高征患者中的改变均是一致的。     

清热中药对大鼠肺及其微血管内皮细胞磷酸二酯酶活性的影响

采用组织贴块法培养分离大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞(PMVEC),以高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测环核苷酸(cAMP)在酶反应前后磷酸二酯酶(PDE)的变化计算PDE活性,并分析药物对其影响,为研究PMVEC特异性PDE抑制剂和清热药作用机理积累资料。结果显示:分离培养经CD31鉴定的PMVEC,其酶量在5~20μL范围内与PDE活性存在良好的线性关系(r=0.9929);17味入肺经清热药均对肺组织cAMP-PDE酶活性有不同程度的抑制作用,其中黄芩、黄药子、青蒿抑制率较高,对肺组织酶分别为:75.37%,72%,61.26%,对PMVEC分别为:66.1%,63.54%,59.39%,结果提示以cAMP-PDE活性为指标,有望筛选出其特异性PDE抑制剂,并揭示入肺经清热药的作用机制。     

添加呋喃苯胺酸对低温诱导肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征的发病率及肺血管重构的影响

240羽肉鸡于14日龄时随机分为常温对照组（A）、低温对照组（B）和低温呋喃苯胺酸添加组（C）。分别于14、23、30、37、44日龄从各组随机抽取10羽肉鸡采血和扑杀，测定肺血管管壁面积与管总面积之比（WA／TA）、平均中膜厚度（mMTPA）等各项指标。观察在低温环境下呋哺苯胺酸对肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征（PHS）的防治效果及其对肉鸡肺血管重构的影响。试验结果显示，与A组相比，B组PHS发病率升高，右心全心比（RV／TV）、红细胞压积（PCV）和反映血管重构指标的WA／TA和mMTPA值显著升高（P〈0．05）；而C组与B组相比，PHS发病率降低，RV／TV、WA／TA和mMTPA值均降低，并在44日龄差异显著（P〈0．05），PCV值升高但无显著差异，体质量显著降低。提示：降低肺动脉压，抑制以肺动脉壁肥厚为特征的血管重构可能是呋喃苯胺酸有效降低低温所致PHS发病率的原因之一。     

L—精氨酸对肉鸡肺动脉压和腹水综合征发生的影响

AA肉鸡 180羽随机等分为对照组 (C)和试验组 (A、B)。参试鸡 14日龄前常规饲养。 14日龄后C组鸡继续常规饲养 ;A、B组鸡舍温度按每日 1～ 2℃由 2 5℃逐步降至 12℃ ,同时日粮中添加 1 5mg kg-1三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3 )以诱发腹水综合征 ;B组自 14日龄起至试验结束在日粮中再添加 1% (质量分数 )L 精氨酸。分别于 3,4,5 ,6,7周龄测定各组肉鸡肺动脉平均压 (mPAP)、红细胞压积、右心全心比及血浆一氧化氮 (NO)水平 ,并记录腹水发病率。结果发现 :低温添加T3 处理后 ,A组肉鸡腹水发病率增加 ,mPAP在 5周龄时升高 ,右心全心比在 6周龄时升高 ;B组肉鸡腹水发病率明显低于A组 ,血浆NO水平高于A组 (P <0 0 1) ,mPAP在 6周龄时升高 ,右心全心比在 7周龄时升高 ,此变化比A组晚一周出现。上述结果提示 ,日粮添加精氨酸后血浆NO水平升高 ,可能在一定程度上抑制了肺动脉高压的形成 ,因而在一定程度上降低了腹水综合征发病     

缺氧、肺动脉高压、心脏功能与肉鸡腹水综合征的关系

为阐明缺氧、肺动脉高压、心脏功能与肉鸡腹水综合征 (ascites syndrome,AS)之间的关系 ,比较了正常肉鸡、亚临床腹水鸡和腹水鸡的右心室平均压 (m RVP)、平均肺动脉压 (m PAP)、心电图 导联 S波幅 (L ead S)、红细胞压积(HCT)、动脉血血氧饱和度 (Sa O2 )、心率 (HR)和右心肥大指数 (RV/ TV) ,并对这些指标进行相关分析和回归分析。结果表明 :在 AS的发展过程中 ,m RVP、m PAP、L ead S、HCT和 RV/ TV逐渐升高 ,HR和 Sa O2 逐渐下降 ;各指标相互之间的相关性都很高 (P<0 .0 0 1) ;HCT发生变化较其他指标早。此外 ,亚临床腹水鸡的左心室和体质量的比值 (L V/BW)及全心室和体质量的比值 (TV/ BW)最高 ,与腹水鸡的 L V/ BW值差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;正常鸡的 TV/ BW最低 ,与亚临床腹水鸡的差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。结果说明肺动脉压升高与机体慢性缺氧有关 ,且是造成右心肥大衰竭和 AS的原因 ;AS发展早期肉鸡心脏功能是代偿性增加的 ;m RVP、m PAP、L ead S、HCT和 Sa O2 可作为早期诊断、预测AS的指标。     

L-精氨酸对肺动脉高压肉鸡肺小动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡的影响

将240羽14日龄艾维茵-2000商品代肉鸡于14d时随机等分为常温对照组（NT组），低温组（LT组）和低温加L-精氨酸组（LA），白14d起，LT和LA组舍内温度从28℃以1～2℃／d的速度下降，至21d降至12～14℃，并维持到试验结束。此外，LA组自14d起在饲料中按100mg／kg剂量添加L—Arg，直至试验结束。记录肺动脉高压综合征（PHS）发病率，并分别于24、32、39和45d测定右心室／全心室质量比（RV／TV）、血浆NO、肺小动脉管壁面积／管总面积（WA／TA）和平均中膜厚度（mMTPA），并用原位缺口末端标记法（TUNEL法）对肺小动脉凋亡平滑肌细胞进行染色和计数。结果：LT组肉鸡PHS发病率、RV／TV、mMTPA和WA／TA值较NT组升高（P〈0．05）；LA组肉鸡PHS发病率较LT组降低（P〈0．05），mMTPA和WA／TA值与LT组相比呈下降趋势，在32d时显著降低（P〈0．05）；LT组血浆N0浓度总体上与NT组差异不显著（P〉0．05），仅在39d时降低（P〈0．05），而LA组血浆N0浓度自32d时起较NT和LT组显著升高（P〈0．05）；LA组肉鸡肺小动脉平滑肌凋亡细胞百分率较NT组和LT组均显著升高（P〈0.05），但LT组与NT组之间相比无显著差异（P〉0．05）。上述结果表明，L-Arg／NO通过促进肺小动脉平滑肌细胞凋亡，从而在一定程度上抑制了肺血管重构的形成。     

RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN DOGS WITH SPONTANEOUS PULMONARY THROMBOSIS OR EMBOLISM

Thoracic radiographs of 21 dogs with necropsy-confirmed pulmonary thrombosis or embolism (PTE) were reviewed. Two major lung patterns were seen: (1) regional oligemia, giving the impression of a hyperlucent zone; (2) alveolar pulmonary infiltrate, indicating hemorrhage or infarction. Hemorrhage and infarction could not be differentiated radiographically. Other common findings were attenuation or loss of visualization of a lobar artery or lobar vein and pleural effusion, particularly with infarction and cardiac disease. PTE was often associated with renal disease (glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis), septic processes, pancreatitis, systemic venous or right heart thrombosis, cardiac insufficiency, and hypercorticism.     

Pheochromocytoma Presenting as Acute Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage in a Dog

Objective: This report describes the perioperative management of a dog with a right adrenal pheochromocytoma that presented with acute retroperitoneal hemorrhage, cardiac arrhythmia and hypertension. Additionally, a summary of pheochromocytoma and the idiosyncrasies of perioperative management of a pheochromocytoma are provided.
Summary: A 7-year old male, neutered, Dalmation was presented for acute collapse, abdominal pain and tachycardia. Physical examination findings were consistent with hypoperfusion concurrent with multiple cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension. Abdominal ultrasound revealed retroperitoneal effusion and a right adrenal mass intimately associated with the caudal vena cava. Incomplete right adrenalectomy was performed. Histopathology confirmed a pheochromocytoma.
Unique information provided: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first definitive report of acute retroperitoneal hemorrhage as the initial clinical manifestation of histologically confirmed adrenal pheochromocytoma in the dog. ( J. Vet Emerg Crit Care 2001; 11(3): 221–227 )     

Radiographic aspects of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racing horses

Abnormal pulmonary radiopacities were identified in 13 racing horses in which a diagnosis of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) had been confirmed. The lesions were in the caudal lung lobe in all horses; seven were on the right and three on the left, and the laterality for three could not be determined. In ten horses the opacities, which were large and peripherally located, obliterated the thoracophrenic angle. They merged with the silhouette of the diaphragm and had a circular or ovoid surface directed toward the hilum. The intensity of opacification of the consolidated areas varied, and they often were not sharply marginated. Dorsal displacement of the pulmonary arteries was noted in the region of the radiopacity in seven horses. Varying volumes of pleural effusion were observed in nine horses. Serial radiographic examinations were performed in seven horses. The pulmonary radiopacities cleared within ten days in two horses. In the remaining five horses, gradual resolution, characterized by a reduction in lesion size with improved margination, occurred during several months. The central region of the radiopaque lesion commonly had a patchy appearance, suggesting cavitation. Normal pulmonary vascular and interstitial markings were evident following complete resolution of these lesions. The cause of these abnormal pulmonary opacities has not been determined. Pathologic-radiologic correlations will be required to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of EIPH in the racing horse.     

Frequency and severity of tracheal wash hemosiderosis and association with underlying disease in 96 cats: 2002-2003

BACKGROUND: Hemosiderophages may be found in feline tracheal wash specimens in association with various disease conditions, including heart failure, trauma, infection, foreign body migration, lung lobe torsion, pulmonary embolism or infarction, neoplasia, and bleeding diathesis. Based on observations in our laboratory, we hypothesized that tracheal wash specimens from cats with asthma also frequently contain hemosiderophages, even in the absence of other known causes of pulmonary hemorrhage. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and severity of hemosiderosis in tracheal wash fluid from cats with various diseases, including asthma. METHODS: Feline tracheal wash fluid specimens submitted for cytologic evaluation between March 2002 and August 2003 were included in the study. One hundred and one specimens from 96 cats were examined with both Wright's-Giemsa and Prussian blue stains. Cats were assigned to 6 disease categories: feline asthma, pneumonia, pulmonary neoplasia, rhinitis, heart disease, and other disorders. Based on the percentage of Prussian blue-positive macrophages, hemosiderosis was categorized as negative (0%), mild (<20%), moderate (21-50%), or marked (>50%). RESULTS: The frequency of tracheal wash hemosiderosis in the study population was 63.5% (61/96); hemosiderosis was mild (29/96, 30.2%), moderate (22/96, 22.9%), or marked (10/96, 10.4%). Hemosiderosis was found in 85.7% (6/7) of cats with rhinitis, 78.6% (11/14) of cats with pulmonary neoplasia, 75.0% (27/36) of cats with asthma, 71.4% (5/7) of cats with primary or concurrent heart disease, 25.0% (5/20) of cats with pneumonia, and 66.7% (12/18) of cats with other disorders. In cats with asthma, hemosiderosis was usually mild to moderate and frequently was accompanied by increased eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study confirm that hemosiderosis is a common finding in tracheal wash specimens collected from cats with diverse disease conditions, including feline asthma syndrome.