Effect of soil matric potential on tomato yield and water use under drip irrigation condition

Field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of soil matric potential (SMP) on tomato yield, evapotranspiration (ET), water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under drip irrigation condition in North China Plain. The experiment included five treatments, which controlled SMP at 0.2 m depth immediately under drip emitter higher than −10 (S1), −20 (S2), −30 (S3), −40 (S4) and −50 kPa (S5), respectively, after tomato plant establishment. The results showed that different SMP affected irrigation amount and tomato ET. Irrigation amount decreased from 185 mm (S1) to 83.6 mm (S5) in 2004, and from 165 mm (S1) to 109 mm (S5) in 2005, respectively. The ET decreased from 270 mm (S1) to 202 mm (S5) in both years. However, it was found that SMP did not affect the tomato yield significantly, for the range of SMP investigated. Both WUE and IWUE increased as SMP decreased. The maximum WUE (253 and 217 kg/ha mm) and IWUE (620 and 406 kg/ha mm) were for S5 in 2 years, whereas the minimum WUE (178 and 155 kg/ha mm) and IWUE 261 and 259 kg/ha mm) were for S1 in 2004 and 2005. Based on the above results, therefore, it is recommended that if the tomatoes are well irrigated (SMP is higher than −20 kPa) during establishment, controlling SMP higher than −50 kPa at 0.2 m depth immediately under drip emitter can be used as an indicator for drip irrigation scheduling during following period of tomato growth in North China Plain.     

Irrigation scheduling in a mature peach orchard using tensiometers and dendrometers

Three trickle irrigation schedules, two of which were scheduled according to soil water potential ( soil) (tensiometer method) and daily stem contraction (DSC) (dendrometer method) respectively and the other one was a schedule of restricted water supply, were applied to a mature peach orchard.The annual water application based on soil was greater than that based on DSC. However, tree growth, fruit size and leaf water potential (leaf) on the trees in the dendrometer scheduling plot did not differ from those in the tensiometer scheduling plot while the premature fruit drop and fruit bud initiation were greatly different. The restricted water supply treatment limited significantly both tree and fruit growth. In addition, the lower leaf was observed on the trees in this plot.Further study shows that use of the dendrometer method for scheduling irrigation satisfies the water needs of the plant and that the tensiometer method is less accurate.Abbreviations leaf leaf water potential - soil soil water potential - DSC daily stem contraction - LVDT linear variable displacement transducer - PET potential evapotranspiration     

黄土高原小流域雨水资源化途径及效益分析

阐述了雨水资源化的概念、理论及其3种方式：就地拦蓄入渗、覆盖抑制蒸发和雨水富集叠加利用。详细介绍了雨水资源化技术途径,并且以准格尔旗雨水集蓄利用示范区的研究资料分析了雨水资源化的经济、社会、生态效益。     

以沼气为纽带的生态农业模式优势潜力分析——以河南省伊川县路庙村为例

本文以河南省伊川县路庙村为例,以户为单位,评价分析该地区发展沼气为纽带的生态农业模式的优势潜力,在该地区发展沼气农业具有明显的经济、生态、社会三大效益外,对构建和谐社会和建设社会主义新农村有重要作用,具有很大的发展潜力和应用推广前景。     

峰谷电价下的梯级水电站短期优化

依据发电企业既要服从电网调度又要追求自身效益的特点，建立了两个考虑峰谷分时电价因子的梯级短期调度模型，并选用逐次优化和逐步逼近的混合算法(POA－DPSA)求解。该模型简单，算法易于实现。将该理论应用于电站实际演算中，结果表明这两个优化模型对促进电网的安全、提高企业发电效益具有较高的应用价值。     

甘肃能源型生态农业推广效益分析

本文就近年来甘肃以沼气为纽带的能源型生态农业模式的推广情况及其所带来的社会、经济和生态效益做一简要分析.     

宁蒙引黄灌区田间节水潜力计算方法分析

以黄河干流宁蒙大型自流引黄灌区为研究对象,采用分项法以及两种计算顺序对宁蒙引黄灌区田间节水潜力进行了计算,分析了不同计算顺序对田间节水潜力计算结果的影响,并采用综合法对分项法计算结果进行了验证,表明计算方法可靠。     

荒漠化预警模型及其应用研究

分析了土地生产潜力的影响因子及其计算方法，从机理上分析各因子给未来荒漠化的发展趋势可能造成的影响，并从土地生产潜力退化基本原理出发，建立了荒漠化顸警模型。以疏勒河流域为背景，在GIS平台支持下，应用预警模型分析了该流域昌马灌区农业综合开发后的荒漠化趋势，对灌区荒漠化的发展趋势和潜在危险性进行了分析判断。     

区域节水灌溉的节水潜力简易计算方法探讨

节水灌溉是用尽可能少的灌溉水投入,取得尽可能多的农作物产出的一种灌溉模式.节水灌溉的节水潜力是在保持农作物产量不降低的前提下,通过采用工程、技术和措施使从水源取用的灌溉水通过输水、配水和灌水供给作物利用的过程中,可能减少的损失水量.在制定区域节水灌溉规划时,需要对发展节水灌溉后产生的节水潜力进行分析计算,以此作为规划决策的依据.对于节水灌溉的节水潜力分析计算方法国内已进行过诸多研究,但要精确计算则很困难.为此,借用《全国灌溉用水定额编制》的研究成果,采用作物灌溉用水"参照定额"、作物灌溉用水定额调节系数和作物用水定额计算式提出了一种区域节水灌溉的节水潜力简易计算方法,并以全国2010年节水灌溉发展规划的节水潜力作为算例,分析计算了规划目标年发展节水灌溉工程的节水潜力.     

玉米不同生育期水分胁迫指标

采用田间小区实验 ,通过对玉米不同生育期、不同土壤水分条件下叶水势、气孔导度、光合作用、植株蒸腾、生理生态状况及产量形成的观测试验 ,并在总结已有成果的基础上 ,分析研究了玉米不同生育阶段的水分胁迫指标阈值 ,提出了玉米不同生育阶段的水分胁迫指标 ,为节水灌溉与灌溉管理提供了科学、实用的依据。