杧果采前喷施茉莉酸甲酯对其抗病性和采后品质的影响

 以‘台农1号’杧果（Mangifera indica L.‘Tainong 1’）为试材,研究了采前喷施茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）处理对杧果抗病性和采后品质的影响及其相关机理。结果表明,与对照果实相比,50 μmol · L^-1 MeJA采前处理显著降低了采收时的病果率和贮藏期的病情指数,抑制了接种炭疽病菌果实的病斑直径;有利于杧果贮藏品质的保持,提高了果肉中维生素C含量,延缓了可溶性糖含量的升高和可滴定酸含量的降低;同时,采前MeJA处理可以提高杧果果皮中苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和β–1,3–葡聚糖酶（GLU）等防御酶的活性,提高贮藏早期的过氧化氢（H₂O₂）水平,抑制贮藏后期H₂O₂和MDA含量的积累。这些结果表明,采前MeJA处理提高杧果抗病性和保持果实品质与激活杧果的防御系统及降低膜脂过氧化程度有关。     

1-MCP在果蔬体内的药代规律研究及产品开发进展

1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)是一种乙烯受体抑制剂,广泛应用于果蔬采后贮藏保鲜行业.本文从1-MCP在果蔬体内的吸收、与果实内部生物大分子互作及其机制、残留量及其法规约定等方面对1-MCP在果蔬体内的药代规律进行了分析.从产品开发和技术应用的角度概括了1-MCP常见的产品形式和发展趋势,梳理了1-MCP与预冷技术结合、与杀菌剂联用、与果蔬风味形成调控技术复合使用等多效保鲜技术的研发情况.通过概括分析可以发现,1-MCP的安全性高,残留量低,但有关其在果蔬体内的代谢规律和对果蔬品质的不利影响方面的研究较少,且大部分的研究集中于1-MCP的应用,长效稳定缓释剂型和复合保鲜技术将是今后的发展趋势.     

茭白采后生理变化及保鲜技术研究进展

茭白是主要水生蔬菜之一,营养成分丰富,保健价值高,深受消费者青睐.但茭白水分含量高,采后易失水萎蔫变质,常温保存容易出现红变和腐烂现象,感官品质和商品价值大幅降低.为了延长茭白的贮藏保鲜期,提高保鲜质量,本文在介绍茭白主要营养成分及活性功能的基础上,对茭白采后生理生化变化及主要保鲜技术进行了综述,以期为茭白采后保鲜技术研究提供借鉴.     

Effect of wet incubation time and temperature on infection, and of storage time and temperature on soft rot lesion expansion in potatoes inoculated withErwinia carotovora ssp.Carotovora

Summary Infection and lesion expansion studies were carrried out on potato tubers. In the infection study, the tubers were inoculated withErwinia carotovora ssp.carotovora (Ecc) and exposed to incubation temperatures of 10–25 °C for 3–48 h of wetness. In the lesion expansion study, the tubers were exposed to 12 h of wetness at 20 °C to establish infection, and then·stored at temperatures of 4–16 °C for 15–90 d, at 95% RH. The volume of diseased tissue was determined and the data were transformed to proportion of maximum volume diseased (PVD). Infection was close to zero for 3 and 6 h wet incubation time, regardless of incubation temperature, and reached the maximum in 12 h of wetness at 20 °C. Significant lesion expansion occurred at a storage temperature of 16 °C after about 60 d of storage time. Cubic models of infection and lesion expansion potentials explained 95 and 96% of the variations in infection and lesion expansion, respectively.     

高CO2冲击处理对采后蓝莓生理代谢及品质的影响

为了解高CO2处理对采后蓝莓果实生理代谢的影响及其作用机制,该试验采用体积分数为99.9%的高CO2处理蓝莓果实48、96 和144 h,然后装入聚乙烯薄膜袋后松扎口,贮藏在1℃下。贮藏期间,分析测定了果实风味指数、呼吸速率、腐烂率、呼吸商、果肉乙醇含量和pH值、果实硬度以及与自由基形成和清除相关的多酚氧化酶 （PPO）、 过氧化物酶 （POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和脂氧合酶（LOX）等酶活性。结果表明,高CO2处理48 h和96 h降低了蓝莓果肉的pH值,有效控制了腐烂率,保持了较高的果实硬度,诱导了POD活性升高并使LOX活性维持在较低水平,从而降低了蓝莓果实的呼吸速率,并使有效贮藏期延长到50 d 左右。144 h的高CO2处理对果实造成不可逆伤害,导致无氧呼吸发生,诱发了果实异味产生以及腐烂率的增加。研究结果表明,高CO2短时冲击用于采后蓝莓果实贮前的“休克冲击”处理,具有抑制果实生理代谢和保持品质的保鲜效果。     

“玉露”桃的采后生理及其贮运技术研究

以七八成熟的“玉露”桃果实为试材，研究其采后生理的变化及与之适应的贮运技术．试验结果表明：①“玉露”桃果实采后常温下后熟衰老进程很快，果实组织中的ＳＯＤ活性急剧下降，果实迅速软化，采后第３天出现乙烯释放高峰，随之果实即达完熟；②３℃贮藏果实，可维持较高的ＳＯＤ活性，减缓果实软化，减少乙烯释放量并推迟其峰值的出现；③经３℃预冷１－３天后的果实，置于常温下仍能正常后熟并不影响其品质，且后熟进程得以推迟，从而为“玉露”桃的短期低温集结与批量外运提供了技术依据；④采用内有隔板瓦楞纸箱加聚乙烯发泡网套果包装，与传统的竹箩包装相比较，可明显减少运输过程的振动损伤，使果实商品率增加，腐烂率减少，货架寿命延长．     

芽孢杆菌B_1对“银帝”甜瓜主要采后病害的抑制

研究了芽孢杆菌B1原液、滤液、灭菌液和悬浮液对“银帝”甜瓜主要采后病害的抑制效果。结果表明,B1原液能显著的抑制损伤接种甜瓜果实的白霉病、粉霉病、软腐病和黑斑病,其抑制率分别为75.9 %、78.7 %、100 % 和99 %。B1滤液仅对白霉病病斑面积的扩展有所抑制,但对该病发病率及粉霉病的抑制效果不显著。B1杀菌液可有效降低黑斑病的发病率与病斑面积,减轻白霉病和粉霉病病斑面积的扩展,但对这两种病害的发病率影响不大。B1悬浮液仅能抑制粉霉病及白霉病病斑面积。     

Effect of pre-harvest foliar application of amino acids and seaweed (Ascophylum nodosum) extract on growth,yield, and storage life of different bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars grown under hydroponic conditions

The study was set up to evaluate the efficiency of amino acids and seaweed on vegetative growth, reproductive phase, yield, and postharvest storage quality of hydroponically grown bell pepper cultivars “Sven Rz F-1” and “Red Knight.” Different concentrations of amino acid and seaweed were sprayed on bell pepper plants under hydroponic conditions. Pre-harvest foliar application of amino acids and seaweed significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, yield per plant, number of marketable fruits per plant, average fruit diameter, fruit wall thickness, and average single fruit weight. Amino acid and seaweed significantly improved postharvest physicochemical quality of both bell pepper cultivars under extended cold storage conditions. Conclusively, amino acid as well as seaweed extract not only improved growth, development, yield, and overall quality of bell pepper cultivars but also increased storage life with reduced weight loss and decay along with better physicochemical quality.     

丙烯和1-MCP对不同耐贮性柿果实采后生理变化的影响

【目的】探讨丙烯和1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)对不同耐贮性柿果实采后生理变化的影响,为不同品种柿果实的采后贮藏保鲜提供参考。【方法】以耐贮性差的‘富平尖柿’和耐贮性强的‘干帽盔’为试材,于八成熟时期采收果实后分别经丙烯和1-MCP处理,以不处理的果实为对照,每3d测定1次果实硬度、呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率、ACC合成酶(ACS)和ACC氧化酶(ACO)活性的变化。【结果】2个品种柿果实在贮藏期间硬度不断下降,硬度降至2kg/cm2的时间以‘富平尖柿’早于‘干帽盔’,‘富平尖柿’的呼吸高峰和乙烯释放高峰较‘干帽盔’出现早且峰值更高;2种试材ACS、ACO活性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,但‘富平尖柿’的2种酶活性高峰均显著高于‘干帽盔’。1-MCP能显著减缓果实硬度的下降(但品种间差异不大),可显著降低呼吸强度和乙烯释放速率,抑制ACS、ACO的活性。丙烯可显著加速果实的软化,对呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率和2种酶活性的促进作用在‘富平尖柿’上表现得更为明显。【结论】‘富平尖柿’对乙烯类似物丙烯的响应较‘干帽盔’更为敏感。1-MCP处理柿果实软化的抑制效果在‘富平尖柿’上的表现优于‘干帽盔’。     

果蔬采后冰温贮藏技术研究进展

介绍了冰温贮藏技术的起源和机理以及果蔬在冰温条件下的主要生理变化,概述了该技术在果蔬上的应用现状和最新研究进展,对果蔬冰温贮藏技术今后的研究和发展作了展望。