高粱种子对萌发温度的响应分析与耐低温萌发能力鉴定

萌发期的低温是限制种子萌发的一个重要非生物胁迫因子,高粱种子耐低温萌发能力是保证高粱出苗整齐、建立良好群体的基础,因此研究高粱品种对不同萌发温度的响应特征具有重要的理论和应用价值。本试验用来源于不同地区的30份高粱品种,在25℃、20℃、16℃和12℃人工气候箱中进行萌发试验,测定不同温度下高粱品种的发芽势、发芽率、芽长、根长、芽重、根重等萌发指标,分析不同高粱品种的萌发差异;通过主成分分析和聚类分析,对不同高粱品种萌发期耐低温特性鉴定和分类,结果表明,随着萌发温度的降低,高粱芽和根的生长均受到抑制,但根与芽的重量和长度比均增加,说明萌发过程中芽比根对低温更加敏感。30个高粱品种的6个萌发指标相对值之间存在一定相关性。主成分分析表明,相对芽长、相对根长和相对发芽率分别在3个主成分中载荷较大,可作为高粱萌发期耐低温的主要鉴定指标。30个高粱品种按萌发期耐低温能力可分为四大类,辽粘3号极不耐低温,济粱1号等18个品种对低温敏感,冀酿1号等5个品种对低温不敏感,赤杂101等6个品种对萌发期低温具有较强的耐性。     

金柑功能成分研究进展

金柑具有丰富的营养价值，而且具有重要的生物学功能。本文详细阐述金柑的芳香油、黄酮、类柠檬苦素、香豆素、类胡萝卜素等功能性成分及其生理活性，展望其发展前景，以期为我国金柑资源的开发利用提供参考。     

市售人造奶油反式脂肪酸含量及物化特性分析

调查分析了市售人造奶油产品的反式脂肪酸含量以及感官、质构、打发性、含水率等物化特性。结果表明，市售人造奶油的质量品质普遍不佳，100%的被检样品含有反式脂肪酸，其中含量最高的达到21.50%；45.83%的被检样品含水率大于16%，不符合国家相关标准。物化分析发现，当熔点为50℃、硬度为4～6 N、粘附性为5～7 mJ、弹性为4.5～6.5 mm时，人造奶油具有较高的感官接受度。     

Seed Number and 100‐Seed Weight of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Respond Differently to Low Soil Moisture in Genotypes Contrasting for Drought Tolerance

Water stress after flowering, one of the major factors limiting yields of pearl millet, affects both seed setting and grain filling and is a consequence of more/less water used prior to anthesis. However, whether genotypes have different sensitivities for seed setting and filling under drought, if exposed to similar stress intensity, is unclear. Experiments were conducted in two pairs of pearl millet genotypes, that is, PRLT2/89‐33 and H77/833‐2, 863B and 841B, contrasting for terminal drought tolerance, and two genotypes, ICMR 01046 and ICMR 01029 (IL‐QTLs), introgressed with a terminal drought tolerance QTL from PRLT2/89‐33 into H77/833‐2. Total seed weight, panicle number, 100‐seed weight, seed number and stover biomass were measured at different soil moistures and throughout grain filling. Sensitive H77/833‐2 had higher seed number and yield under well‐watered (WW) conditions than in PRLT2/89‐33 and IL‐QTLs. Upon increases in water stress intensity, H77/833‐2 suffered losses mostly in stover biomass (45 %) and seed number (60 %) at 0.3 FTSW whereas the biomass and seed number of PRLT2/89‐33 decreased little (20 % and 25 %). The 100‐seed weight of H77/833‐2 decreased only 20 % under stress. Tolerant 863B also maintained a higher seed number and biomass under water stress than 841B. Grain filling duration in PRLT2/89‐33 and IL‐QTLs was similar to that of H77/833‐2 under WW conditions but lasted longer than in H77833‐2 under water stress (WS). Similarly, seed growth of 863B was longer than 841B under WS. It is concluded that the higher seed yield of tolerant parents PRLT2/89‐33 and 863B, and of IL‐QTLs under WS was explained by the retention of a higher number of seeds than in sensitive lines, while the decrease in the 100‐seed weight was proportionally less than the decrease in seed number. Phenotype with lesser number and larger size of panicles and larger grain size, like genotypes PRLT2/89‐33 and 863B, withstood post‐anthesis water stress better. IL‐QTL inherited part of these characteristics, indicating a role for the terminal drought QTL in maintaining larger seed number and higher 100‐seed weight. The continuous stover biomass increase under WW in H77/833‐2, due to tillering, might indicate that tiller growth and grains are in competition for resources after anthesis, and this may relate to the relatively shorter grain‐filling period.     

竹柏叶片及其枝条中挥发油化学成分分析与比较

用水蒸汽蒸馏法分别提取竹柏叶片及其枝条中挥发油，通过GC-MS 对其进行分析，用峰面积归一化法测定各化学成分的相对百分含量。结果表明，从竹柏叶片及其枝条挥发油中各检测出36和43个成分，共检测出52种物质，定性组分含量分别占二者挥发油总含量的90.05％和87.8％。竹柏叶片及其枝条挥发油中共有成分27种；特有成分，叶片有9种，枝条有16种。本实验结果可为竹柏提取药用原料部位的选择以及化学成分的精准利用等方面提供重要的参考依据。     

圆滑番荔枝叶乙醇提取物不同萃取组分对胡椒瘟病菌的抑菌活性测定

采用液-液分配法对圆滑番荔枝叶乙醇提取物进行萃取分离，得到石油醚、三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯等不同萃取组分。采用生长速率法测定不同萃取组分对胡椒瘟病菌的抑制作用。结果表明：乙酸乙酯萃取组分对胡椒瘟病菌的抑制作用最强，其中20 mg/mL乙酸乙酯萃取组分对胡椒瘟病菌菌丝生长的抑制率达到74.43%，具有较好的抑菌效果。     

黔西南州烤烟化学成分可用性评价

为综合评价黔西南州烤烟化学成分可用性，采集了黔西南州6个产烟县的 C3F 等级烤烟样本101个，测定其烤烟化学成分，应用模糊数学法对其可用性进行评价。结果表明：黔西南州烤烟具有糖含量较高，其他化学成分适宜的特点；不同产烟县以贞丰县烤烟的化学成分可用性较高；不同产烟乡镇以龙场镇、者相镇、潘家庄镇烤烟化学成分可用性较高；不同品种以兴烟1号烤烟化学成分可用性较高；黔西南州烤烟 CCUI 值空间分布有从东北向西南方向递减的分布趋势。     

林芝地区松口蘑营养成分

以西藏林芝地区林芝、波密、工布江达3个县采集的野生松口蘑子实体为材料,测定其外观大小及粗多糖、粗蛋白、游离氨基酸、铁和锌等营养成分含量,并与其它地区的松口蘑营养成分含量进行比较。结果表明:林芝县松口蘑铁含量显著高于其它区域;林芝地区松口蘑菌盖直径4.0~7.1 cm、菌柄长5.9~8.6 cm,与内地松口蘑菌盖直径5.9~21.5 cm、菌柄长5.0~18.0 cm相比,个体较小;粗多糖、粗蛋白和锌含量较低,而粗脂肪和铁的含量较高。     

Combining Plant Growth with Nutrient Content Measurements as a Method to Compare Nutrient Use by Different Raspberry Cultivars

ABSTRACT

Monthly above-ground destructive sampling and partitioning of the plant into distinct component parts for growth and nutrient element (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, B, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) analyses were used to compare elemental compositions in two red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars (‘Willamette’ and ‘Haida’) grown in a uniformly managed field plot. Quantitative measurements showed that the two cultivars had different growth patterns. ‘Haida’ yielded greater fresh berry weight and dry matter content than ‘Willamette’ on a per floricane basis, but, because of fewer ‘Haida’ than ‘Willamette’ floricanes in the plot after standard commercial pruning practices, fresh berry yield was similar for both cultivars on a unit area basis. ‘Haida’ berries ripened slightly earlier than ‘Willamette’. Stem, lateral and leaf growth differed between the two cultivars. Although only whole above-ground accumulation (kg ha-1) of one (Ca) of the ten elements measured was different in the two cultivars, the amounts and patterns of all nutrients in the various plant components of floricanes and primocanes differed in significant ways. In some cases, element concentrations in a specific plant component differed between cultivars while dry matter accumulation differed in the opposite way resulting in the same total accumulation in the cane involved. In other cases, there was greater accumulation in one cane type (primocane vs. floricane) than the other such that there was similar accumulation of that element in the whole plant. For Ca, accumulation in primocanes was greater for ‘Willamette’ than ‘Haida’ whereas there was no difference of accumulation in floricanes which resulted in greater accumulation of Ca in the whole above-ground plant in ‘Willamette’. Maximum accumulation of the elements in floricanes occurred generally earlier in the growing season (July to September) than in primocanes (September to October), and these maxima were frequently at different times for the two cultivars, making comparisons of nutrient compositions in the two cultivars complex. Detailed sampling periodically over the growing season in combination with element analysis of these raspberry plant components as done in this study provided a better basis for comparing nutrients in raspberry cultivars than examining element concentrations of a specific plant component (e.g., leaves) sampled once during the growing season because patterns of nutrients over time in the cultivars differed.     

望天树人工林生长量及土壤理化性质

望天树是我国一级珍稀濒危保护植物,为了更有效地保护这一树种,在桂西南那坡县对29年生望天树人工林的生长量及土壤理化性质进行了研究。结果表明:林分平均胸径、平均树高和平均蓄积量分别为28.49cm、28.30m和440.5m3/hm2,净经济收入为39.65万元/hm2。林地0～100cm土层密度为0.819 8～1.174 3g/cm3,土壤总孔隙度为57.0%～66.3%,土壤通气度为16.8%～25.0%,土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量和最小持水量分别为46.7%～94.2%、34.1%～68.8%和20.8%～42.1%。0～40cm土层pH值为4.64～4.96,土壤有机质含量为29.58～70.70g/kg,土壤全N、全P和全K含量分别为1.15～2.71、1.38～1.56和13.27～15.31g/kg,速效N、P和K分别为157.68～327.42、0.32～1.21和9.93～23.12mg/kg。研究结果表明,29年生望天树人工林的生长量较高,林地土壤疏松、土壤通气性能良好、土壤肥力较高。因此,在类似该地区立地环境进行望天树的引种栽培具有较大的生物生产力。