围产前期饲喂DCAD对奶牛营养代谢疾病的影响

试验通过在奶牛围产前期日粮中以?瘙
厫560 g/kg的标准添加阴离子盐,以观察DCAD的饲喂效果.结果表明:在奶牛围产前期饲喂阴离子盐有利于牛体健康,能显著降低产后瘫痪及乳房炎的发病率(P＜0.05),极显著降低胎衣不下和子宫内膜炎的发病率(P＜0.01),同时有利于奶牛产后体况的恢复,缩短奶牛产后第一次发情时间26.5天(P＜0.05),显著提高奶牛产奶量,产后30天奶牛日产奶量可提高11.7%(P＜0.05).     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒持续感染的免疫学研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)是危害养牛业的重要病原之一。BVDV感染能够引起广泛的临床症状,包括牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病、持续感染、免疫耐受、繁殖障碍、血小板减少与出血综合征等。由于其病原的复杂性,给该病的控制及疫苗研制带来了一定的困难。近年来,对其免疫学的研究取得了一定进展,特别是在病原的基本免疫学特征、体液免疫、细胞免疫、免疫耐受和免疫调节方面做了深入研究,同时也在参与免疫应答的细胞因子方面做了研究,这些都为牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病的预防和控制研究提供了新的思路。     

B9对假俭草抗寒性和绿期的影响

用不同浓度比久(B9)(0、1、3、57、g/L)对盆栽假俭草品系E-126进行喷施处理,研究其对假俭草抗寒性和绿期的影响。结果表明,在低温条件下,B9处理的假俭草与对照相比,可溶性糖、脯胺酸含量升高,电导率降低,喷施低浓度的B9可以提高假俭草叶绿素含量,降低叶绿素分解,从而提高其抗寒性。其中效果最好的处理为喷施1 g/L B9,可延长假俭草绿期4-5 d。     

Assessment of Partial Resistance to Powdery Mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) in a Tetraploid Rose Population Using a Spore-suspension Inoculation Method

Powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) is the most important fungal disease in greenhouse roses and is in practice controlled by fungicides. The creation of novel cultivars with durable resistance to powdery mildew is highly desirable. To understand the inheritance of mildew resistance, a tetraploid rose population with a size of 181 seedlings was obtained by crossing two tetraploid genotypes each having partial resistance. The population and its parents were tested under greenhouse conditions with two well-defined monospore isolates (2 and F1) using artificial inoculation with spore suspensions. Disease score at 11 days post-inoculation, latent period and rate of symptom development were used to describe seedling resistance. The tests for both isolates exhibited a wide and significant variation among genotypes for resistance. The distribution of the genotypic means of the disease scores was continuous and showed a considerable transgression. Statistical analysis, scatter plot of disease scores for the isolates, and correlation analyses indicated that the two isolates differed in pathogenicity. The outcome of the tests showed that the inoculation assay with spore suspensions was a reliable and effective way to screen large numbers of genotypes under greenhouse conditions for genetic and breeding studies. This is the first report on spore-suspension inoculation to be used successfully in rose.     

南果梨和苹果梨适宜采收期果实生理生化指标初探

针对鞍山海城地区的南果梨和沈阳苏家屯地区的苹果梨初果期和盛果期适宜采收期的生理生化指标进行了详细调查，结果表明：南果梨在海城地区初果期和盛果期最适采收期分别在9月20日、9月15日左右，一级果主要生理指标是：种子变黑指数分别是96．7、95．2，可溶性固形物是16．6％、16．1％，果实自然落果率分别是1．89％、1．26％。苹果梨在苏家屯地区初果期和盛果期最适采收期均在9月30日左右，一级果主要生理指标是：种子变黑指数分别是95．7、96．1，可溶性固形物分别是13．1％、13．4％，果实自然落果率分别是1．98％、2．38％。     

羔羊期和性成熟期奶山羊下丘脑中催产素的表达

采用免疫组化链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶法(SP法),检测羔羊期和性成熟期雌性奶山羊下丘脑中催产素表达的变化规律.结果显示,催产素免疫反应阳性神经元在羔羊和性成熟羊的视上核、室旁核、乳头体内侧核等核团均有分布,在羔羊的室周核、视前内侧核等核团广泛分布,但在性成熟羊的这些核团却未见分布.在视上核、室旁核、乳头体内侧核等核团的催产素免疫阳性神经元数量,性成熟羊显著高于羔羊(P＜0.01);这些核团中催产素免疫阳性产物的平均灰度值,羔羊显著低于性成熟羊(P＜0.01),在其他核团则羔羊高于性成熟羊,且大部分差异明显(P＜0.01).结果提示,性成熟羊下丘脑中除室周核、视前内侧核等核团外,室旁核、视上核、乳头体内侧核、乳头体后核等核团,催产素的表达高于羔羊,说明这些核团对生殖系统的发育成熟可能有重要作用.     

气候变化对陇东冬小麦生态影响特征研究

对黄土高原比较有典型代表性的残塬"董志塬"的变暖及冬小麦生态响应特征进行研究,发现"董志塬"近35 a来年平均增温线性趋势达0.0505℃,增温表现出平均气温、最高气温、最低气温同时上升,且冬春季增温速度最快,秋季次之,夏季增温最平缓;增温对冬小麦的生态影响主要体现在全生育期(线性趋势0.91 d/a)、越冬期(线性趋势0.85 d/a)显著缩短,春季发育期普遍提前(返青期以0.57 d/a的线性趋势提前,拔节期以0.42 d/a的线性趋势提前,成熟期以0.48 d/a的线性趋势提前),而春季各发育期间间隔日数并未出现缩短的趋势.认为气候变暖对当地农业生产有利有弊,气候变暖,尤其冬春气温显著升高将导致越冬期土壤水分损耗增大,春旱加剧,不利于春季农业生产;另一方面冬小麦全生育期缩短,成熟期提前,能有效提高复种指数和土地利用率.     

小麦禾谷孢囊线虫湖北群体活动期特性

小麦播种时定量接种禾谷孢囊线虫（ＣＣＮ）（Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｄｅｒａａｖｅｎａｅ）的孢囊,发芽生根后进行系统观察,结果表明,该线虫在小麦生长季节中完成１代,小麦播种后２５～３５ｄ是２龄幼虫入侵幼根的高峰期,１００～１２０ｄ根内出现３龄幼虫,１１０～１３０ｄ发育成４龄幼虫,１３０～１５０ｄ根表露出白色孢囊（雌虫）。受感染的麦根,侵染点首先变褐,进而肿大,常见分叉增多,形成须根团,ＣＣＮ多居于自然含磷,钾元     

湿段天气在小麦赤霉病定量预报中的应用

通过本县小麦感病期内逐日气象观测资料统计分析,发现在该期内各日２：００、８：００、２０：００的空气相对湿度达８５％,１４：００达８２％,且在此湿度标准上持续３０ｈ以上,平均气温达１２℃的湿段天气累计持续时间长,小麦赤霉病发生重。依据湿段天气段在小麦感病的穗期开展赤霉病的短期定量预测,１０年次的回报病穗率误差为２个百分点左右,７年次的预报病穗率误差为０．２９￣５．２个百分点。     

Results of grid keratotomy, superficial keratectomy and debridement for the management of persistent corneal erosions in 92 dogs

Ninety-two cases of persistent corneal erosions in dogs were analyzed for breed, gender, age and which eye was affected. The results of the treatment of 92 persistent corneal erosions in dogs by superficial keratectomy (SK), grid keratotomy (GK), or debridement with a sterile dry cotton swab are presented. These techniques gave better rates of healing than have been previously reported. All cases of persistent corneal erosions healed in this study. However, it must be noted that three cases treated with debridement only failed to heal after several treatments and were eventually treated with SK. After one procedure 80 out of 92 (87%) had healed. After one procedure, 63% of cases treated with debridement healed, 100% of cases treated with SK healed, and 85% of cases treated with GK healed. At the first postoperative visit, 88% (21/24 cases) of ulcers treated by SK had healed, and 75% (39/52 cases) of ulcers treated by GK had healed. Only 25% of the persistent corneal erosions had healed at the first visit after debridement. All 24 cases of persistent corneal erosions treated with SK healed after one treatment in a mean +/- SD of 9.3 +/- 3.9 days (median of 7 days). Fifty-two cases were managed with GK; 44 (83%) of these healed with one procedure and eight cases required a second GK procedure to resolve. A mean +/- SD of 13.4 +/- 5.1 days (median of 11.5 days) following GK was required for the persistent corneal erosions to heal. Nineteen cases were initially managed by debridement with a dry cotton swab under local anesthesia. Sixteen out of these 19 debridement cases healed (giving an overall healing rate of 84%) in a mean +/- SD time of 23.4 +/- 11.1 days (median 21.5). There were three cases that did not heal with debridement. These cases were debrided at 10-20 day intervals for 30-60 days, and were then treated with SK. Two of these cases healed within 7 days, the other case required 18 days to heal. Sixty-three per cent of persistent corneal erosions treated with debridement healed after one procedure; however, only four out of 19 cases (21%) were healed at the first revisit. Complications were rare: corneal edema occurred in two cases following multiple GK, and excessive granulation tissue in one case was managed with a SK. There was the occurrence of an ulcer adjacent to the surgery site in four cases, two cases following GK and two cases following SK.