危险性林木新病原康沃尔疫霉对我国的风险分析

从传入和定殖可能性两方面分析了康沃尔疫霉(Phytophthora kernoviae)的风险性,并利用MAXENT生态位模型预测了其在我国的潜在适生区。结果表明:康沃尔疫霉(P.kernoviae)传入我国及其在我国南方沿海地区定殖具有高风险性,主要包括海南、广西、广东、福建、云南、台湾等省区,尤其花卉进出口基地云南省;上述地区应加强康沃尔疫霉(P.kernoviae)的检疫工作,实行严格的风险管理。     

塔里木河下游阿拉干断面胡杨林空间分布特征及其影响因素

通过小尺度生态监测与遥感数据分析获取塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林现状信息,集中对阿拉干断面设立的100hm2长期监测样方内的胡杨树进行了详细的调查,对该断面胡杨林空间分布特征及其影响因素进行了分析。研究结果表明：塔里木河下游的胡杨具有伴河生长的特性;随着离河距离的增加,胡杨株数呈递减趋势;大部分胡杨主要分布在离河道200m范...     

甘肃省水旱灾害时空分布特征及其与粮食产量的关系

全球变暖的背景下,气象灾害呈明显上升趋势,极端干旱事件频繁发生,给农业生产造成严重损失.水旱灾害是对农业生产产生影响最直接、最经常性的灾害类型,其与农业产量关系的研究可为农业生产、防灾减灾、粮食安全评估等提供基础的科学依据.文中以我国西北甘肃省为例,根据1985-2007年全省水旱灾害受灾面积、成灾面积、粮食产量数据,...     

近30年来内蒙古地区气候干湿状况时空分布特征

根据内蒙古115个气象站1971～2000年气象资料,采用改进的Selianinov干燥度计算公式,研究了内蒙古地区气候干湿状况时空变化。结果表明:内蒙古干燥度空间分布具有明显地带性分布规律,即从西向东随经度增加干燥度逐渐变小,气候变得湿润。从年际变化的空间分布可以看出,30年来内蒙古地区气候变化大致分为两种类型:1)干湿交替型,位于西部的典型荒漠区和东北部的大兴安岭森林区。2)持续变干型,内蒙古中东北地区的半湿润区和半干旱区的分界线,30年来持续向东南方向推进,使得半湿润区面积缩小,半干旱区面积增加。从年际变化的时间分布来看,70年代,年平均干燥度呈现波动式下降,气候变化趋于湿润化;80年代,气候经历了先干后湿又干的变化过程,干燥度波动较大;90年代,气候经历了先湿润后急剧变干的变化过程,其中1995～2000年干燥度增幅为30年最快的时段。在六大生态类型分区中,典型荒漠区干燥度变化最为剧烈,且对内蒙古全区干燥度的贡献率最大,大兴安岭林区和草甸草原区的干燥度变化最小。从气候干湿状况的年代际变化可以看出,80年代是内蒙古全区气候干旱比较严重的年代。     

西安城市热岛的时空分布特征

选取1959-2008年西安市常规气象站和城区加密自动站逐小时气温资料,采用城、郊气温对比法研究西安城市热岛效应的时间变化和空间分布。结果表明：西安城市热岛效应逐年增加,具有明显的季节变化特征;热岛强度日变化呈现双峰分布,两个峰值分别出现在05时和21时左右,最低值出现在11时左右。在西安市城区一直存在一个强城市强热岛...     

杏树新害虫——杏瘿蚊生物学特性研究

2000年在甘肃天水发现一种为害杏树的新害虫杏瘿蚊(Janetiella sp.),文章对杏瘿蚊的形态特征、生物学特性、分布范围、寄主植物进行调查研究,并提出相应的防治建议。     

小菜蛾在春茬甘蓝上的分布及其防治研究

系统调查了小菜蛾在春茬甘蓝不同生育期的分布规律。结果表明,在甘蓝莲座期,小菜蛾的卵主要产在甘蓝近地面的茎部、叶柄和叶背等比较隐蔽的部位,包心初期,大量的小菜蛾幼虫集中在甘蓝的心叶进行为害,进入包心后期,小菜蛾主要在甘蓝的内叶为害,进入收获初期,小菜蛾转移到外叶为害。〖JP2〗据此,甘蓝的包心初期和后期是对小菜蛾进行防治的两个重点时期,结合科学合理施药,在甘蓝的整个生长季节施药2~3次即可有效控制小菜蛾的为害。     

Harmonic radar: efficacy at detecting and recovering insects on agricultural host plants

BACKGROUND: In pest management research, harmonic radar systems have been largely used to study insect movement across open or vegetation‐poor areas because the microwave signal is attenuated by the high water content of vegetation. This study evaluated whether the efficacy of this technology is sufficient to track insects in vegetative landscapes. RESULTS: Field efficacy data were collected using portable harmonic microwave radar and electronic dipole tags mounted on adults of three economically important pests: Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), Diabrotica virginifera virginifera (LeComte) and Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst. Detection and recovery of tagged Colorado potato beetles, plum curculios and western corn rootworms was high within and among potato plants, moderate within apple trees and high within, but not between, corn plants respectively. The efficacy of the radar depends on the ability of the operator to move around the host, scanning for a signal ‘sightline’ with the tagged insect among plant structures. CONCLUSION: The detection rate of tagged insects by harmonic radar systems is high enough to track the walking path of pests through low row crops such as potato, tall row crops such as corn or tall but well‐separated trees of orchard‐type crops by adapting the scanning procedure to the vegetative architecture. Copyright © 2010 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd     

Spray drift as influenced by meteorological and technical factors

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate spray drift from a conventional field sprayer as influenced by meteorological and technical factors, and to provide spray operators with data on which to base sound judgements when applying pesticides. The study was conducted in grazing fields and cereal crops. RESULTS: Interpreting the results from 15 field trials under varying meteorological conditions using different boom heights and driving speeds indicates that, during normal spraying conditions, the most decisive factors influencing the total spray drift (TSD) will be boom height and wind speed, followed by air temperature, driving speed and vapour pressure deficit. One important finding was that TSD (within the encompassed range of meteorological conditions and a boom height of 0.4 m) could be expressed as a simple function of the fraction of droplets ≤ 100 µm. In cereal crops: TSD = 0.36 + 0.11× [fr. (d ≤ 100 µm)] and in grazing fields, TSD = 1.02 + 0.10× [fr. (d ≤ 100 µm)]. In most cases a fraction of the airborne drift passed over the 6 m sampling mast located 5 m downwind of the spray swath. CONCLUSIONS: Under specified conditions, the present results indicate a simple relation between the total spray drift and volume fractions of droplets ≤ 100 µm. Given the nozzle type, it was concluded that the most decisive factors determining TSD are wind speed and boom height. Evaluating the relative importance of the meteorological and technical factors contributes to increasing knowledge in this field of research. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

河南杨属白杨组植物分布新记录

报道了河南杨属白杨组植物分布新记录,比《河南植物志》(第一册)中记载的该属白杨组植物多5种和15变型。