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51.
52.
农业机械在农业生产中必须合理使用,才能发挥出"高效、优质、低耗、安全"的良好效果。合理编组、正确选择速度和提高时间利用率是提高农业机械生产效率的3个重要途径。 相似文献
53.
本文结合林木资源生产及资金运作特点 ,探讨了在商品林生产采取企业式经营、核算的前提下 ,商品林企业林木资源资产、收入、成本、费用的确认及计量问题。 相似文献
54.
Productivity and profitability of multistrata organic versus conventional coffee farms in Costa Rica
In areas where traditional multistrata coffee systems have been transformed to systems with patchy or no shade at all, often
dependent on high chemical inputs, ecological and socioeconomic degradation has become an increasing issue. During the 1990s,
rising environmental and health concerns have promoted the interest in organic production systems and their environmental
services for natural resource conservation. This study compared productivity, profitability, producer-defined constraints,
and goals and research priorities between ten individually paired organic and conventional coffee farms in Costa Rica. Although
five of the organic farms matched or exceeded the production of their conventional counterparts, the three-year mean yield
of the organic farms as a group was 22% lower than that of the conventional farms. However, excluding organic certification
costs, mean variable costs and net income (NI) were similar for both groups, mainly because organic price premiums received
by the farmers compensated for lower yields. If current organic certification costs are included, the price premiums paid
to organic producers would have to increase to 38% in order to equal the NI from conventional coffee. Conventional farmers
indentified low and unstable prices as the main constraints to sustained production and stated further intensification of
production as their main goal. In contrast, the key issues for future development of the organic group centered on farm diversification,
agroecological self-sufficiency, and agronomic practices that permit organic farm management.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
55.
Spices constitute an important sub-sector of the economy of Sri Lanka. Most perennial spices are cultivated in agroforestry types of farming systems. A field survey was conducted covering 127 agroforestry farmers in six divisional secretariats in Matale district during the period of October to December 2002. Technical efficiency of spice based agroforestry systems was estimated in order to identify the potential increase in production without incurring additional costs for farm inputs. The factors affecting technical efficiency and constraints and potential of the agroforestry system were also investigated. According to a stochastic frontier production function using a Cobb–Douglas model, hired labour, organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, land size, and soil conservation measures showed significant positive effects on the agroforestry production. The mean technical efficiency of the spice based agroforestry systems was 84.32%. According to the inefficiency model the efficiency increased significantly as a result of farm visits by extension officers, participation in farmer training, less sloping lands, more experience, and higher diversity of the agroforestry system. Technical efficiency decreased, however, with higher education level of the farmer and with higher off-farm income. Unsustainability of the agroforestry system is seen as a result of a␣range of constraints related to productivity, market, technology and institutions. 相似文献
56.
本文应用数理统计方法对邢台县浆水镇9村265户样本资料进行了系统分析。指出农户家庭经营是我国农村普遍存在的基本经营形式。这一新生事物完全适应现阶段农村生产力发展水平,其收入已成为农民收入的主要来源。近年来,农民收入虽有大幅度提高,但水平仍然很低,农户间收入差距也在不断扩大,山区农村经济仍在一个低水平上运行。本文还对影响农民收入水平的相关因素和农户收支结构进行了分析,并有针对性地提出改善家庭经营管理的建议。最后,对加强农户家庭经营方面的研究与领导也提出具体意见。 相似文献
57.
58.
Plant species diversity of homegardens of Cuba and its significance for household food supply 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The cultivation of different plants in homegardens for self-sufficiency has a long tradition in Cuba, but knowledge about homegardens in Cuba is small. To analyse this more deeply, cultivated plants of 31 homegardens were surveyed in three villages in eastern Cuba in 2001. Two of the study villages were located in a humid area with an annual precipitation of about 2200 mm. The third village was situated in a semiarid area with about 450 mm precipitation. The plants studied in the homegardens included those for human consumption such as fruits, vegetables, tubers and cereals as well as spices and medicinal plants. In total, 101 different plant species were found with an average number of 18 to 24 species per homegarden for the three villages. A broad range of species was found in all villages, because irrigation is used under semiarid conditions, which lead to a relative high similarity in species composition between the villages. But, also differences due to the climatic situation became evident, particularly with the medicinal plants. In general, homegarden production provided a broad and diverse basis for self-sufficiency of the households. Although homegarden production showed to be only a small source of income, it is particularly important because of low-paid outside work and minimal food provision of the state.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
59.
60.
A leaf disc bioassay was employed to investigate the influence of host species of deciduous fruit trees, like apple, peach,
plum, cherry and apricot, on the development and reproduction of the hawthorn spider mite Tetranychus viennensis Zacher in the laboratory under conditions of 25±1°C, 60±10% RH and a photoperiod of 16 h: 8 h light: dark. This was done
by determining the duration of each life stage of the mites, the intrinsic rate of population increase (r
m
), mean generation time (T) and net reproductive rate (R
0) of the spider mites on each of the host plant species. Differences in life table parameters of the spider mite among host
plants were analyzed with the jack-knife method. The results indicated that plum might be the best suitable plant for the
spider mite among the plants tested due to shorter developmental period and higher intrinsic rate of increase, whereas cherry
and apricot were least suitable due to their long developmental duration and low intrinsic rates of increase. When the spider
mites were transferred from apple to other fruit trees, negative effects on developmental duration, fecundity and life table
parameters were found in the first generation, but the effects faded out in succeeding generations. When transferred onto
plum and peach, the spider mite adapted to the new hosts in the second generation; however, on cherry and apricot, it adapted
in the third generation.
__________
Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 27(7) [译自: 生态学报, 2005, 27(7)] 相似文献