不同套袋材料对红皮梨果实品质及着色的影响

通过不同材料的套袋处理,在果实发育早期为果皮创造无光环境,比较研究其对红皮梨7个不同品种果实品质及着色的影响,同时研究了不同类型果袋、不同时期脱袋对红巴梨果实品质及着色的影响。结果表明:套袋使多数品种果实质量和可溶性固形物含量有所下降;红皮梨7个品种中适宜套袋的品种是满天红、红星;满天红适宜套红袋,红星适宜套膜袋;红巴梨为不适宜套袋的红皮梨品种,需在采收前15 d,行间铺设反光膜,并结合转果、摘叶等技术措施,提高着色程度。     

幼龄果园套种模式生产效果

实行套种,是果农提高前期收入,集培肥地力、以短养长、以园养园的有效办法。2010年3月至2011年4月,在平孟镇新植砂糖桔果园内进行“柑桔＋西瓜＋旱稻＋马铃薯”套种模式试验。结果表明,利用幼龄果园套种,效益西瓜产值4．16万元／hm^2,旱稻产值1.16万元／hm^2,马铃薯产值4．1万元／hm^2,三项效益产值共9．...     

控释肥对盛果期果园根域环境的影响

为了探讨苹果根域环境对控释肥的响应机制,从而为控释肥在果树上的应用提供理论依据。采用苹果专用控释肥和普通复合肥为试材,设计不同控释肥养分含量处理的方法,研究了控释肥对盛果期果园土壤有机质、pH和N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn等矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明,施肥降低了果园土壤的pH和有机质含量,施用控释肥果园的pH要高于普通复合肥;施用控释肥明显增加了土壤碱解氮、Fe和Zn的含量,降低了速效磷、速效钾、土壤中交换性Ca、交换性Mg、Mn和Cu的含量。控释肥提高了土壤N的利用率,减轻了肥料流失对土壤的污染,有效改善了果树根域环境。     

冬枣采后臭氧去感染技术研究

为了探索臭氧去感染技术对采后冬枣的贮藏保鲜效果,以冬枣为试材,研究不同臭氧浓度、不同处理次数、不同包装材料对其保鲜效果的影响。通过测定冬枣VC含量、硬度、可溶性固形物含量以及果品表面病菌数量、好果率,发现臭氧处理能够有效抑制冬枣的腐烂,延缓冬枣VC含量、硬度和可溶性固形物的下降。结果表明：臭氧处理冬枣的最佳浓度为40 mg/m3,可使冬枣的保鲜期达到120天,处理次数和包装材料对冬枣的保鲜效果影响较小。     

Efficacy of the pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin against Bactrocera oleae populations from Greece, and improved diagnostic for an iAChE mutation

BACKGROUND: The most important pest of olive orchards worldwide is the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin). Its control in Greece has been based on organophosphates (OPs), but their intense use has led to the development of resistance. A test previously developed to monitor the trait may not be as robust as originally thought. The pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin has recently been registered for bait sprays, as an alternative to OPs. RESULTS: The susceptibility of 20 B. oleae populations to alpha-cypermethrin was examined. Variation was observed in their response, with LD(50) ranging from 0.14 to 3.28 ng insect(-1) and resistance factors from 2.3 to 54.7. Resistance mechanisms were investigated. Cytochrome P450 monoxygenase activities showed an association with resistance. Sequences in the domain IIS4-IIS6 of the B. oleae para-type sodium channel were also analysed, but no resistance-associated mutations were identified. Finally, a novel diagnostic assay able to reliably monitor the frequency of the iAChE G488S resistance mutation was developed. CONCLUSION: This is the first attempt to evaluate the efficacy of alpha-cypermethrin against B. oleae from Greece. Data showed that it can be used effectively, but also highlighted the importance of continuous monitoring. The IIS4-IIS6 sodium channel region is the default area in which to look for resistance mutations if target-site resistance to pyrethroids arises. The application of the novel iAChE molecular diagnostic may facilitate the introduction of pyrethroids alongside OPs currently in use.     

Crop losses due to olive moth mediated by ethylene

BACKGROUND:Studies for nine years in southern Spain on the olive moth, Prays oleae Bern., have tested the possibility of altering oviposition behaviour on newly formed olive fruits by means of a single ethylene application. RESULTS: A single spraying of ethylene on the olive trees at the beginning of fruiting significantly decreased the olive moth egg populations and consequent the olive fruit fall. At the same time, no negative effect was found in the activity of natural oophagous predators of the olive moth. CONCLUSIONS: The ethylene treatments against P. oleae yielded substantial economical benefits each year (a mean of euro526 ha(-1)), benefits that fluctuated depending on the olive crop and on the annual fruit fall caused by this major pest.     

北京红灯樱桃皱叶病的发病情况和对果实产量品质的影响

近年来,樱桃皱叶病严重危害了樱桃的产量和品质,但是国内尚无樱桃皱叶病详细观测和有效防治措施的相关报道。通过对北京香山附近樱桃园的248株树成龄红灯连续两年的系统调查,总结发现：樱桃皱叶病主要对叶子形态、果实发育形态、果实品质和产量有影响。叶子表现为叶面粗糙、叶子变窄、叶片不规则变形伴有颜色变浅。果实表现为发育缓慢甚至有畸形尖端,皱叶和畸形果实存在位置对应关系。成熟果实的形状表现为更短薄,重量变轻,成熟期推迟。皱叶病红灯和正常红灯相比,产量显著下降。发病范围可能是几片树叶,一个枝组,也可能是整棵树。发病情况逐年不同,严重皱叶病植株的表现相对稳定。春天展叶期到硬核期以及果实成熟以后是观察樱桃皱叶病的最佳时期。另外,对严重皱叶病树进行了嫁接试验,经过初步观察接穗没有皱叶病表现。     

丽水白沙枇杷品种(系)果实发育的品质特性

以丽水‘太平白、‘大果太平白和‘塔下白等 3个本地白沙枇杷资源为试材,并以‘宁海白为对照,测定了枇杷果实发育进程中单果重、色泽及糖、可滴定酸、有机酸、总酚和类黄酮等品质成分含量的变化动态。结果表明,4个枇杷品种的果实发育与色泽变化趋势基本相似,采收时单果重以‘宁海白最大,‘大果太平白与‘宁海白接近,‘太平白最小。4个品种的糖、有机酸、总酚和类黄酮含量的变化趋势也基本一致。成熟时以果糖含量最高,约占总糖含量的54%~61%;葡萄糖含量次之,约占总糖含量的35%~37%;总糖含量以‘塔下白最高,‘太平白次之,‘宁海白最低。果实中可滴定酸和有机酸含量以‘塔下白最高,‘太平白次之,‘大果太平白最低。幼果期总酚和类黄酮含量较高,随着果实发育呈快速下降趋势,至成熟前2周保持相对恒定,品种间总酚和类黄酮含量差异较小。本试验表明,采前3周起至果实成熟是枇杷果实品质形成的关键时期。     

阿克苏市4个枣品种物候特性的观测研究

[目的]进一步了解不同枣品种在干旱绿洲灌溉环境条件下的适应性,为不同时期栽培管理措施和科学布局提供理论依据.[方法]对阿克苏市主栽的灰枣、骏枣、赞皇大枣和冬枣的主要物候特性进行定期定株观测、记载和对比分析.[结果](1)从萌芽至果实成熟,历时天数最长的是赞皇大枣(164d),最短的是骏枣(156 d);(2)各品种的同一物候期相差2～3d,灰枣的盛花期较其它品种延长10 d左右;(3)果实发育时间最长的为赞皇枣(115 d),最短的为灰枣(107d);(4)6月上、中旬至7月中、下旬是枣树落花、落果高峰期,平均落花率达55.81;,其中落花最高为赞皇大枣(64.28;),最低为灰枣(50.00;),两者相差近15;;平均落果率为85.93;,最高为赞皇大枣(94.12;),最低为灰枣(77.78;);(5)冬枣、骏枣和赞皇大枣盛花期时气温是23～24℃,灰枣在25℃;结果期所需气温大致相同,达到25℃即可.[结论]4个枣品种的萌芽期、开花期、果实发育期和落花落果率存在差异,确定不同品种最佳适生栽培区时应考虑品种间的物候特征.     

果树腐烂病发病规律及药剂防治效果初步研究

[目的]田间调查、摸清巴旦杏果树腐烂病发病规律,进行田间不同药剂的药效试验,为科学有效防治巴旦杏果树腐烂病提供依据.[方法]在4月9、10、12日病菌活动及病斑扩展盛期开展不同药剂防治小区试验.[结果]发病规律:早春树液流动时开始传播危害,在4～9月分生孢子器成熟,空气湿度大时,陆续长出分生孢子角,产生大量的分生孢子,进行多次侵染危害,直至越冬前停止侵染.尤以春季为重.植物源杀菌剂、疮流孔绝、长效康复灵防治效果分别为80;、90;、100;,不同药剂对巴旦杏果树腐烂病的防治效果存在差异,但防治效果均在80;以上.[结论]供试的几种药剂对果树巴旦杏腐烂病均有较好的防治效果.