农村生态环境治理中公众参与困境研究——以上海崇明生态岛 LY村为个案

农村生态环境治理已成为全球性话题，倍受公众和学者关注。农村生态环境治理中最大的难点是公众参与问题，公众参与农村生态环境治理对于农村地域发展有深刻意义。公众在“公”领域与“私”领域的态度与行为特征有明显不同。在“公”领域方面，“自上而下”的政治行政环境所造成的公众参与机制不畅使得公众默然地接受政府给予的社区福利；在“私”领域方面，公众更多表现出对农村土地的博弈行为，一方面是追求经济效益最大化，另一方面又受到“自产自销”模式下农副产品安全性的约束。此外，具有参与热情的女性因受到乡土文化约束被边缘化，并被排斥在公众参与网络之外。要真正解构公众参与困境需要建立在深刻认识乡土文化的基础上，重塑公众参与生态环境治理的合理性。     

中国森林可持续经营的挑战与对策

森林是陆地生态系统的主体和联系环境与发展的重要纽带。文中在分析了中国森林、林业的现状和森林可持续经营的问题与困难的基础上，初步探讨了森林可持续经营的对策。中国森林可持续经营基本的要求、任务和途径分别是保护好现有的森林资源、并不断扩大新的森林资源和实验森林的分类经营。为了促进中国森林可持续经营的实施，当前紧要的任务是建立森林可持续经营的支撑体系，这些体系包括森林资源与环境的监测体系，森林可持续经营的标准与指标体系，林业生态保障体系，森林资源规划与管理体系，森林与林业政策、法规的保证体系，以及加强公众在实施森林可持续经营过程的参与等方面。     

北京市房山区农村土地承包经营权流转意愿实证分析

基于北京市房山区农民和企业的调查数据,使用二元logistic模型方法,对该地区农户土地承包经营权转入转出和企业转入土地承包经营权的意愿进行分析。研究表明,土地政策、社会保障制度、土地收益以及户主的职业、受教育程度等,对土地承包经营权转出转入有显著影响。完善社会保障制度、建立扶持政策、加强土地流转监管制度,对引导土地承包经营权流转具有重要意义。     

Integrating local and scientific knowledge for adaptation to land degradation: Kalahari rangeland management options

Despite numerous assessments of the sensitivity and resilience of drylands to degradation, there has been little research into the way affected communities innovate and adapt in response to land degradation. This paper shows how local and scientific knowledge can be combined to identify rangeland management strategies to reduce or adapt to land degradation. To achieve this, we have developed and applied a four‐stage social learning approach based on stakeholder participation in three degradation ‘hotspots’ in communal rangelands of the Kalahari, Botswana. This approach aims to collate, evaluate and apply both scientific and local knowledge on rangeland degradation and management options. First, current practice and possible management options were identified from the literature. Second, a series of semi‐structured interviews with rangeland users identified local knowledge of strategies to reduce and adapt to land degradation. Third, these options were discussed and evaluated with rangeland stakeholders in focus groups held across each study region. Finally, the outputs from these focus groups were used to produce rangeland assessment guides for each region that provided management options agreed to be locally relevant by both researchers and local stakeholders. The study found that the majority of strategies reported in the literature were not suitable for use by pastoralists in the Kalahari. However, many of the strategies suggested by stakeholders could only be applied effectively under common property regimes, giving impetus to the growing literature encouraging institutional reform to strengthen common property management regimes. The research stimulated a social learning process that combined knowledge from local stakeholders (both pastoralists and extension workers) with the scientific knowledge of researchers to provide a range of management options that could help land managers reduce or adapt to land degradation. By combining participatory research with insights from scientific literature in this way, more relevant results were provided than either approach could have achieved alone. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determinants of farmers' willingness to pay for soil conservation practices in the southeastern highlands of Ethiopia

This paper examines the determinants of farmers' willingness to pay for soil conservation practices in the highlands of Bale, southeast Ethiopia. The paper is based on analysis of data collected from 100 randomly selected household heads. The study applied Contingent Valuation Method for the purpose of eliciting farmers' valuation of soil conservation practices in terms of both cash payment and labour contribution. The results reveal that farmers in the study area are less willing to pay cash for soil conservation measures. In terms of labour contribution, however, it was found that they are willing to spend a substantial amount of time per week. Results from logistic regression analysis show that farmers' decisions to participate in soil conservation practices are influenced by a host of factors. The implication is that taking these factors into account while planning soil conservation measures enables policy makers to come up with projects that win acceptance by the local people. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大运河景观价值感知对游客遗产保护意愿的影响研究——以无锡清名桥历史文化街区为例

大运河景观价值感知与地方认同的强化对培育游客遗产保护意愿具有重要意义.以大运河世界文化遗产典型旅游目的 地——无锡清名桥历史文化街区为案例,基于游客问卷的数据分析,构建了大运河景观价值感知、地方认同与游客遗产保护意愿的结构方程模型,探讨了三者之间的相关性和结构性关系.结果 表明:大运河景观价值感知与游客遗产保护意愿存在...     

顾客感知价值对消费者购买有机农产品意愿的影响研究

【目的】探讨有机农产品顾客感知价值及产品知识对于消费者态度和行为意图之间的驱动关系。【方法】以国内主要城市大型超市700个消费样本为例,基于计划行为理论,并运用结构方程进行实证检验。【结果】消费者产品知识、环境价值、安全价值、健康价值和社会价值均正面影响消费者对有机农产品的态度,其中消费产品知识的影响最大,享乐价值对消费者购买有机农产品态度的影响没有得到证实;消费者态度、主观规范和感知行为控制均正面影响消费者对有机农产品的购买意愿,其中消费者态度影响最大。【结论】促进消费者购买有机农产品,关键在于提升消费者态度,因此在努力提升农产品顾客感知价值外,尤需重视提升消费者有机农产品知识。     

农业文化遗产的活态保护与传承模式研究

农业文化遗产作为联合国一项标志性工程在世界范围内得以认可而备受各国和学界关注。研究农业文化遗产的保护与传承,与联合国粮农组织倡导全球重要农业文化遗产的传播理念一致,且具有一定的实践价值。有鉴于此,本文根据农业文化遗产现存的受众认知不强、教育普及度不高等问题,在总结学术研究诸多进展基础上,拟建立契合农业文化遗产自身特点的三类活态保护与传承模式:多元化分众化传播模式、传受互动的传播模式、激励受众参与的传播模式,以积极回应农业文化遗产活态保护与传承的现存问题,以期从传播视阈下,探索能成功地融合多路径促进农业文化遗产的保护与可持续发展,进而不断完善其活态保护与传承的体系。