云南省某奶牛场奶牛泌乳曲线拟合及泌乳规律分析

[目的]分析云南省某奶牛场奶牛群的产奶性状,旨在揭示相应的变化规律,以期为今后牛群的科学饲养管理提供基础和依据.[方法]利用昆明雪兰牛奶有限责任公司采用SAS系统对4个奶牛场1 954胎产奶量的测定数据,进行了统计分析,对泌乳曲线进行了拟合.[结果]成功拟合了牛群1～8胎的泌乳曲线,8个曲线方程的相关指数(R2)都在0.89以上,所拟合的泌乳曲线方程可靠性高.[结论]几乎所有胎次的泌乳奶牛产奶量都呈现了产奶量随泌乳月份逐渐下降的变化趋势,高产月份的产奶性能未充分表现.不同胎次的产奶量变化规律也不明显,高产胎次的高产性能表现不够充分.     

中国荷斯坦牛早期生长曲线拟合研究

对947头0～24月龄中国荷斯坦牛体高、胸围、体斜长进行测定,用线性回归、二次回归和三次回归方程进行拟合。结果表明:中国荷斯坦牛体高、胸围、体斜长的生长曲线呈抛物线型,三次回归方程拟合结果与实测值吻合度最高。除体高离回归平方和高于二次回归方程外,胸围和体斜长的离回归平方和都明显低于用线性回归和二次回归方程计算的结果,表明三次回归方程曲线拟合效果最好,线性回归方程曲线拟合效果最不理想。体高的拐点月龄为16.5,胸围和体斜长的拐点月龄均为18。     

利用MATLAB拟合van Genuchten 方程参数的研究

选用MATLAB的lsqcurvefit、nlinfit、lsqnonlin、fminsearch、fminunc、fgoalattain、curvefit、nlintool等8个函数,分别拟合了van Genuchten方程参数,结果表明lsqcurvefit、nlinfit、curvefit和nlintool等4个函数拟合效果较好,具有源代码短、收敛性好等特点,特别是在实测数据较少的情况下,MATLAB的拟合结果甚至优于RETC和REDT。     

Comparison of two oral electrolyte solutions and route of administration on the abomasal emptying rate of Holstein-Friesian calves

Dehydrated calves with diarrhea are routinely given an oral electrolyte solution (OES) by suckling or esophageal intubation. An important issue related to rehydration therapy is the rate of OES delivery to the small intestine. It is widely assumed that the glucose content of the OES does not impact the speed of resuscitation and that fluid administered by esophageal intubation provides a similar resuscitative response to that obtained by suckling. The aims of this study were to compare the abomasal emptying rate in calves suckling an OES containing a high or low glucose concentration and in calves administered a high-glucose OES by suckling or esophageal intubation. Seven male Holstein-Friesian calves were given the following treatments in random order: 2 L of a commercially available high-glucose OES ([glucose] = 405 mM) by suckling or esophageal intubation or 2 L of a commercially available low-glucose OES ([glucose] = 56 mM) by suckling. Abomasal emptying rate was determined by acetaminophen absorption, ultrasonography, and glucose absorption. High-glucose OES rapidly increased plasma glucose concentration after suckling but produced a slower rate of abomasal emptying than did low-glucose OES. Esophageal intubation of high-glucose OES produced the same initial change in abomasal volume as did suckling, but delayed the rate of OES delivery to the small intestine. Our results suggest that suckling a low-glucose OES provides the fastest rate of abomasal emptying and plasma volume expansion, whereas a high-glucose OES provides the most appropriate oral solution for treating hypoglycemic calves.     

苦楝聚群子代苗期生长节律研究

对6个苦楝群体进行苗高生长测定,其方差分析结果表明,在所观测的9个生长期中,除了生长初期的5月25日和6月26日之外,群体让F值都达到极显著差异（0．01）,群体内都：达到极显著差异（0．01）。苦楝苗高生长呈典型“S”生长曲线,其苗高生长曲线方程为：H=192．8／（1＋391．7e^-0.0894x）。在不同观测周期中,群体间、群体内家系间生长节律经t检验具不同程度的差异显著性。     

无差异曲线在高校图书馆人力资源配置中的应用

当前,进入高校就业的门槛越来越高,据有关文件表明;今后凡进入高校就业的人员必须是研究生以上。那么。高校的工作效益是否都与工作人员的素质成正比？本文以图书馆的人力资源配置为例,利用无差异曲线,分析高校图书馆人员的不同组合给读者带来的满足程度,以起抛砖引玉的作用。     

Temporal dynamics of dairy health and production in rural smallholder communities in Northern Vietnam

The objective of this field study was to describe the temporal pattern of dairy cattle health and production and associated risk factors in rural smallholder communities in northern Vietnam, one of the target areas of the government's dairy development programme. A total of 99 dairy farms (11 per commune) were recruited from 9 of 32 communes in Ba Vi District, Ha Tay Province, using random two-stage cluster sampling. All dairy cattle present on the selected farms were included. After the initial questionnaire survey was conducted, farms were visited to collect follow-up information at 3-monthly intervals over a period of one year. The results suggest that offtake as well as mortality are important productivity indices because farmers sell or slaughter dairy cattle that are in poor health at low prices during summer months. Changes in relation to the farming operation suggest that for the farmers adopting dairy production it has become one of the main agricultural activities.     

城市绿地空间径流下渗与海绵设施参数研究

[目的] 对城市绿地空间径流下渗特性与海绵设施参数进行研究,为城市建成区绿地空间海绵设施构建提供理论支持。[方法] 以江西省南昌市为例,通过土壤颗粒级配和SPAW(Soil-Plant-Air-Water)模型演算获取土壤特性参数;利用单环现场实测结合Matlab拟合霍顿(Horton)入渗公式,获取初始、稳定入渗率与衰减系数;通过HYPROP2与HYPROP-Data Evaluation Software(HYPROP-DES)测定土壤水张力以及非饱和导水率。[结果] 现场入渗开始5～10 min后基本达到稳定入渗过程,且稳定入渗率大部分低于100 mm/h;入渗过程受水文土壤分组差异以及人为扰动等影响较大;土壤在完全饱和状态下约需7 d可以恢复到初始状态的下渗速率;基于RECARGA模型构建了海绵城市理念下绿地空间海绵设施改建技术路线。[结论] 3种方法推演绿地土壤下渗过程可提高海绵设施关键参数设计精度。模型演算过程需考虑初始含水率与现场因素影响。     

基于多约束条件的果园喷雾机器人路径规划方法

果园喷雾机器人路径轨迹规划影响机器人行驶路线的平滑线和行驶过程的可靠性和平稳性。针对目前果园喷雾机器人路径规划中存在的转弯处参考轨迹不够平滑、曲率较大、行驶不平稳等问题,提出了一种基于果园喷雾机器人运动学多约束条件的三次非均匀B样条曲线果园喷雾机器人轨迹优化方法。通过先验地图获取树行位置信息对行间路径点进行拟合处理,保证果园喷雾机器人行驶在树行中心线上符合喷雾作业要求,综合考虑最小转弯半径、首末端点约束、转向机构延迟约束、曲率连续等多约束条件构建路径曲率最小化目标函数,并通过最优化算法求解待优化的曲线参数,生成符合果园喷雾机器人行驶要求的全局路径,最后采用纯跟踪算法进行跟踪试验来验证机器人行驶精度。仿真与试验结果表明,规划生成轨迹的最大曲率为0.31m-1,平均曲率为0.15m-1,符合果园喷雾机器人的行驶要求;针对该轨迹跟踪行驶的平均横向误差为0.225m,标准差为0.031m,满足果园喷雾机器人在果园内喷雾作业时对行驶精度的要求。     

氮及氮素形态对烤烟叶片叶绿素光合荧光参数的影响

为探明氮及氮素形态对烤烟叶片光合能力的影响,对烟草（Nicotiana tabacum L.）品种龙江911和龙江0520在无N（CK）、硝态氮（NO₃^--N）、铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）及硝铵混合氮（NO₃^--N:NH₄⁺-N=1:1）处理下叶片气体交换参数及荧光动力学曲线的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明：施氮处理组的净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）及蒸腾速率（T_r）均高于CK,且随着时间的延长,升高幅度加大,差异达显著水平（P<0.05）。施氮总体上提高了2个烤烟品种F_v/F_m和光合性能指数（PI_abs）,说明氮促进了烤烟幼苗叶片光合系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）反应中心的活性;同时施氮降低了V_J和V_I水平。对3种不同氮素形态下的荧光参数进行比较,发现NH₄⁺-N处理的荧光参数F_v/F_m和PI_abs偏低,而V_J和V_I偏高,说明NH₄⁺-N提高PSⅡ光合性能的能力相对较弱。综合光合气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数可知,NO₃^--N处理的龙江911和NO₃^--N:NH₄⁺-N（1:1）处理的龙江0520表现出更好的光合性能。