Thermo-mechanical coupling analysis of dual-steel-disc of wet multi-disk clutch

To solve the failure problem of power transmission caused by warping, crackle on dual-steel-disc of wet multi-disk clutch, a shipborne wet multi-disk clutch is taken as a research object, models of generation and distribution of friction heat flux are built and numerical methods to solve temperature field and coupled stress field are put forward. Research methods of thermo-mechanical coupling problem of wet multi-disk clutch are proposed. The thermo-mechanical coupling phenomenon of dual-steel-disc is investigated, and the failure mechanism of dual-steel-disc of wet multi-disk clutch is revealed. In the engagement process, the results of temperature field show that the temperature of the dual-steel-disc gradually increases from the inner edge to the outer edge, and the temperature of friction surface reaches the highest at 2.6 s in the 3-second-engagement. The rules of thermal stress distribution are attained that the circumferential tensile thermal stress appears in the region close to the inner edge, while the radial tensile thermal stress appears in the region close to the outer edge. The theoretical basis to solve the thermal failure problem of dual-steel-disc of wet multi-disk clutch is provided.     

Interactive responses to water deficits and crop load in olive (Olea europaea L., cv. Morisca). II: Water use, fruit and oil yield

To understand the relations between water use and yield in response to crop load, two experiments were conducted in olive (cv. Morisca), during six consecutive years (2002-2007) in an experimental orchard located in Badajoz, Southwest Spain. Experiment 1, assessed the responses during the early years of the orchard (2002-2004) using four irrigation treatments that applied fractions of the estimated crop evapotranspiration (ET_c) (125%, 100%, 75% and 0%) and three crop load levels (100%, 50% and 0% of fruit removal, termed Off, Medium and On treatments). Experiment 2 assessed the response of more mature trees (2005-2007) to three irrigation treatments (115%, 100%, and 60% of ET_c) and the natural crop load which were Off, On, and Medium in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Yield was reduced by water deficits and so did the estimated tree transpiration which was linearly related to yield (y = 1.2302x − 21.15, R² = 0.8864), showing the high sensitivity of cultivar Morisca to water deficits. The relations between fruit number and fruit weight showed that high crop loads had lower fruit weights and oil yield, a decrease that was more pronounced as water deficits increased. The yield response to water supply in the control and excess treatments, and the observations on the water relations of these two treatments suggest that the calculations made using the FAO method (Doorenbos and Pruit, 1974) with the crop coefficient proposed by Pastor et al. (1998) and the reduction coefficient (Fereres et al., 1982) to apply 100% of ET_c in the control treatment, underestimated the ET_c of the orchard. The results indicate that, although the absence of fruits lead to reduced water use as compared to situations of medium and high crop loads, canopy size was much more determinant of orchard water requirements than crop load.     

水稻盐胁迫相关基因sos5的克隆与序列分析

采用RT-PCR扩增的方法,从水稻(Oryza sativa)中克隆获得了1 574 bp的cDNA片段。基因测序和序列同源性分析结果表明,所克隆的基因片段包含1 284 bp的开放阅读框,编码一个含有427个氨基酸的多肽,该蛋白与拟南芥SOS 5蛋白同源性达45.6%,与小麦同源性达71%。     

高渗液浸种对橡胶树种子活力和幼苗生长的影响

在橡胶树种子催芽过程中,用NaCl、甘露醇、聚乙二醇(PEG6000)溶液模拟水分胁迫进行浸种处理,研究高渗液胁迫对种子活力指数、幼苗株高、茎粗和根冠比的影响,并比较室温(26～27℃)、低温(5℃)、高温(45℃)条件下幼苗的胁迫伤害表现。结果表明:高渗胁迫降低了种子活力、抑制了幼苗地上部分的生长(株高和茎粗),但对幼苗生物量和根冠比的影响因高渗液种类及浓度而异,主要表现在PEG以及浓度为0.15、0.20mol/L甘露醇浸种提高了根冠比,而NaCl降低根冠比;高温条件下,幼苗受害比低温、室温更快更大,表现在根系细胞膜质透性的急剧增加和蒽酮反应现象的出现,但不同高渗液种类间存在差异。甘露醇、PEG浸种处理幼苗根系细胞膜质透性急剧增加,并在胁迫6h时出现蒽酮反应现象,NaCl浸种处理幼苗根系细胞膜质透性的增幅较小,且在胁迫6h时无蒽酮反应现象,可能与其根部累积盐离子有关。     

不同基因型澳洲坚果对磷胁迫反应的差异研究

通过常磷和缺磷溶液培养,对8个不同基因型澳洲坚果的生长情况和吸收利用磷营养的特性进行了研究,探讨了不同基因型澳洲坚果对磷胁迫反应的差异.结果表明,不同基因型澳洲坚果对可溶性磷的吸收能力存在差异,吸收的磷量可达到自身固有磷量的12.28%～77.78%;H2、246、Oc和800等基因型植株的根、地上部以及单株鲜重和干重均表现出受磷胁迫影响较大的特点;在缺磷条件下,H2基因型植株的磷生物利用率下降(仅为常磷处理的93.80%),其他基因型均有所上升,尤其是246和Oc基因型植株的磷生物利用率分别为常磷处理的184.38%和141.67%,说明H2、246和Oc等3个基因型对磷胁迫比较敏感.     

二种冷季型草坪草对土壤干旱胁迫的生理反应

采用单因素设计对土壤持续干旱胁迫下多年生黑麦草、匍匐剪股颖的生理反应进行了研究.结果表明：随着干旱胁迫加剧,两种草坪草的草坪质量（TQ）、叶片相对含水量（RWC）呈降低趋势,叶片质膜相对透性（RPP）、脯氨酸（Pro.）含量呈增加趋势,叶绿素（Chl.）含量先增后减.经相关关系分析,两种草坪草的RWC、RPP、Pro.含量均与土壤含水量极显著相关,而在干旱胁迫的前期,Chl.含量与土壤含水量相关;Pro含量与RWC、RPP也极显著相关.     

水分胁迫与植物氮代谢的关系——Ⅰ.水分胁迫对小麦叶片氮代谢的影响

本文以冬小麦品种渭麦4号为材料,综合研究了水分胁迫对其氮代谢的影响。结果表明,水分胁迫使小麦叶片硝酸还原酶活性显著降低,而蛋白酶、肽酶和核糖核酸酶活性却显著增强,致使蛋白质和RNA分解加剧,含量降低,并且总氮、游离氨基酸含量及其组分也发生了变化。DNA含量则不受土壤含水量高于萎蔫点的水分胁迫影响。     

缺硫胁迫对水稻膜脂过氧化及保护酶系统活性的影响

以正常硫素营养为对照，通过水培试验。研究缺硫胁迫下不同品种水稻叶片活性氧代谢和相关酶活性的变化情况。结果表明：缺硫胁迫会引起水稻叶片膜脂过氧化程度提高和可溶糖浓度增加。并导致超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化物酶（POD），过氧化氢酶（CAT）和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性的改变，其变化幅度因品种的差异而有所不同。     

抗寒剂包膜对超甜玉米低温逆境下生理生化变化的影响

试验以玉米sh2胚乳突变体(特甜1号和增甜2号)为材料,研究了低温逆境下A、B 2种抗寒剂包膜超甜玉米种子对其生理生化变化的影响.结果表明,低温逆境下2种抗寒剂均显著提高了特甜1号种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、壮苗率和幼苗素质.增甜2号2种抗寒剂处理的发芽率和壮苗率均与对照无显著差异.2个品种2种抗寒剂处理的苗高均显著高于对照,而根长均显著短于对照.低温逆境结束后,增甜2号2种抗寒剂处理的过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶均显著高于对照,2个品种质膜相对透性和丙二醛含量均显著低于对照.与低温逆境前比,恢复生长3 d后,2个品种2种抗寒剂处理的叶绿素含量增加幅度均比对照大.低温逆境后,2个品种脯氨酸含量提高;恢复生长3 d后含量下降,但抗寒剂处理均显著低于对照并接近低温逆境前的水平.