茶树新梢的弯曲力学特性

采用专门设计的生物材料试验机测定了茶树新梢的折断力、断裂挠度和弹性模量等力学指标，初步探明了新梢节位（嫩度）、截面积、品种和空气温、湿度对这些指标的影响。结果表明折断式采摘机构能有效地实现选择性采茶，可克服切割式采茶机“一刀切”的弊端。此外，作者根据大量的测试数据，提出了折断式采摘器的基本工作参数。     

有机大米加工技术规程

本文根据内蒙古赤峰市翁牛特旗有机大米加工实践及国内外先进经验,总结提出一整套有机大米加工技术规程。包括原料要求,加工厂址、建设要求,加工设备、加工人员、加工方法、质量要求及管理等系列化要求标准,为有机大米加工业建设提供了参考。     

草甘膦在茶园中的应用研究

草甘膦是一种具有内吸传导、杀草谱广、毒性低等特性的新型化学除草剂,对根除茶园常见杂草有特效。用草甘膦防除茶园杂草的最佳浓度因杂草种类不同而异,以一、二年生杂草为主的茶园用0.10％的浓度为宜,以多年生杂草为主的茶园用0.15％的浓度较好。用液量以杂草充分湿润为度。全年喷药一次或二次即可,若喷一次,宜在五月下旬进行;若秋季草害较重,则在八月下旬复喷一次。使用该方法除草,全年只需耗药费4.80元～6.40/亩,除草效果优于全年人工除草三次者,节省除草工7～9个/亩,增产5～7％,对保持茶园生态平衡,提高茶叶品质均有益。     

Impact of environmental factors on infestation of tea leaves byHelopeltis theivora, and associated changes in flavonoid flavor components and enzyme activities

Attack of tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) leaves by the tea mosquito bugHelopeltis theivora (Hemiptera: Miridae) was positively correlated to temperature and rainfall, and partially to humidity, as determined in 12 varieties during the period 2000–2002. The insect attack was severe during the months of May–September, which had high temperature and rainfall, and led to severe loss of biomass due to curling and drying up of the leaves. The biochemical response of these 12 varieties of tea to attack by the insect was determined with special reference to oxidative enzymes and flavonoid flavor components. Insect attack led to an increase in the activities of the oxidative enzymes peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. Activities of phenyl alanine ammonia lyase generally decreased as a result of insect attack, which was significant in the United Planters Association of South India (UPASI) varieties. A significant decrease in polyphenols was also obtained in UPASI varieties. HPLC analysis of catechins revealed a decrease in some of the catechins in the infected leaves. Analysis of theaflavins from infusion of healthy andHelopeltis-infested tea leaves revealed no changes. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2004.     

浅谈HACCP在机制针形名茶中的应用

对HACCP作简要介绍，根据HACCP体系的要求，分析了机制针形名茶过程中各个环节可能出现的危害因素，用HACCP的原理确立了关键控制点，并且建立了相应的控制措施。     

用外翻肠囊法研究高钙条件下有机锰在肉仔鸡小肠中的吸收特点

本试验用外翻肠囊法研究高钙对肉仔鸡不同肠段(十二指肠、空肠和回肠)吸收不同形态锰的影响,以比较有机锰和无机锰在高钙条件下吸收特点的差异。采用单因子完全随机设计,培养液中添加的4种锰源分别为:硫酸锰、弱络合强度的蛋氨酸锰(Mn-MetE)、中等络合强度的氨基酸锰(Mn-AAA)和强络合强度的氨基酸锰(Mn-AAB)。为了扣除内源的影响,设置1个零添加锰水平处理。将40只31日龄AA肉公鸡随机分到以上5个组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只鸡,每只鸡的十二指肠、空肠和回肠分别作为相应肠段外翻肠囊的一个重复。结果表明:1)体外培养回肠肠囊对锰的吸收率显著高于十二指肠(P<0.01);2)回肠肠囊对强络合强度的Mn-AAB中锰的吸收率显著高于硫酸锰或中等络合强度的Mn-AAA(P<0.05)。本试验结果表明:在高钙条件下,络合形态的有机锰在体外培养的肉仔鸡肠囊中的吸收率显著高于无机形态的锰;强络合强度有机锰源中的锰能更强地抵抗小肠内的解离,比弱或中等络合强度的有机锰源更有利于锰的吸收。     

Influence of the physical and chemical properties of soil on the retention process of isoxaflutole and its two main derivatives

Isoxaflutole is a new pre‐emergence herbicide for use in maize and sugarcane. Its two main derivatives are a diketonitrile derivative, the 2‐cyano‐3‐cyclopropyl‐1‐(2‐methanesulfonyl‐4‐trifluoromethylphenyl)propan‐1,3‐dione, named DKN, and a benzoic acid derivative, the 2‐methanesulfonyl‐4‐trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, named BA. The adsorption/desorption processes have never been studied for isoxaflutole (IFT) at high concentrations nor for BA, and the present work aimed at completing the knowledge of the behaviour of these three molecules in conditions close to those encountered in the context of agricultural use. The adsorption/desorption study was conducted on seven soils of different physical and chemical properties, using the batch equilibrium technique. During the experiments, IFT was chemically converted into DKN in a continuous manner. This reaction appeared to be dependent on the pH of the soil and was taken into account in the calculations of the adsorbed and desorbed amounts. The adsorption isotherms obtained were predominantly C‐shaped for IFT and DKN and S‐shaped for BA, but some differences appeared on a few soils. They fitted well the Freundlich equation, and the values of the Freundlich coefficient K_fa showed that, whatever the soil, IFT was more adsorbed than its two derivatives. The main parameter influencing the adsorption of IFT appeared to be the organic matter content, whereas this effect was not evident for DKN and BA. No correlation was found between the extent of adsorption and either clay content or pH of the soil, for the three molecules.     

新疆农田土壤有机质含量及组成特征

目前新疆农田土壤有机质含量在5．30～24．21g／kg之间，平均14．65g／kg，与第二次土壤普查相比，新疆农田土壤有机质含量呈上升趋势；胡敏素碳含量占到有机质碳量的53％～70％，平均61％，腐殖酸碳量只占39％。     

Weed:spring barley competition for applied nitrogen in pig slurry

Summary The experiments were carried out in the two spring barley fields of the organic six-course cattle:crop rotation at Foulumgaard, Denmark. The weed density was 300 and 1800 plants m⁻² respectively. Pig slurry was applied by hand in microplots by four methods: broadcasting followed by incorporation, or injected in bands to depths of 5, 10 or 15 cm. Spring barley and weeds were sampled separately six times during the tillering and elongation phase of the spring barley. The effect of application method on dry-matter (d.m.) production, nitrogen uptake and recovery of applied nitrogen in the spring barley and the weeds is reported. Slurry banding halved the weed d.m. and weed N uptake compared with broadcasting, irrespective of weed density. Weeds recovered up to 12% of the applied nitrogen, which made them a significant competitor when the slurry was broadcast and incorporated. Banding by direct injection reduced the slurry:soil contact and the weed:crop competition balance for applied nitrogen moved in favour of the crop. Thus, the crop recovery of applied nitrogen at the end of the sampling period was increased from approximately 45% for broadcast and incorporated to approximately 50% for injected slurry, and coincidental weed recovery was reduced to a maximum of 5%. As the nitrogen supply normally affects plant d.m. production, banding of slurry might well improve crop competitiveness and its tolerance to mechanical weed control.     

Comparison of an in vitro and a damping-off assay to test soils for suppressiveness to Pythium aphanidermatum

Testing of soil samples in greenhouse assays for suppressiveness to soilborne plant pathogens requires a considerable investment in time and effort as well as large numbers of soil samples. To make it possible to process large numbers of samples efficiently, we compared an in vitro growth assay with a damping-off assay using Pythium aphanidermatum as the test organism on tomato seedlings. The in vitro test compares the radial growth or relative growth of the fungus in soil to that in autoclaved soil and reflects suppressiveness of soils to the pathogen. We used soils from a field experiment that had been farmed either organically or conventionally and into which a cover crop (oats and vetch in mixture) had been incorporated 0, 10, 21, and 35 days previously. We obtained a significant, positive correlation between damping-off severities of tomato seedlings in damping-off assays and both relative and radial growth in vitro. In addition, radial and relative growth of P. aphanidermatum in the in vitro assay were positively correlated with several carbon and nitrogen variables measured for soil and incorporated debris. We did not find differences between the two farming systems for either growth measures of P. aphanidermatum or disease severities on tomato at different stages of cover crop decomposition. The in vitro assay shows potential for use with any fungus that exhibits rapid saprophytic growth, and is most suitable for routine application in suppressiveness testing.