水稻食味品质性状间相关性分析及其与叶片光合作用的关系

为明确优质稻米品质性状及其与叶片光合作用的关系,培育筛选优良食味水稻新品种,以河南省沿黄稻区8个优良食味水稻品种为试验材料,在大田栽培条件下,对稻米的直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、加工品质指标（糙米率、精米率和整精米率）和外观品质指标（垩白粒率和垩白度）等性状进行测定和分析,并对籽粒灌浆期水稻剑叶的光合速率进行检测。结果表明,8个供试优良水稻品种的糙米率、精米率和整精米率均较高,品种间的变异系数较低;稻米外观品质垩白粒率和垩白度在品种间差异较大,变异系数分别为39.73%和36.49%;影响稻米食味品质的直链淀粉、蛋白质含量和食味值在品种间变异系数相对较小,均低于5%。相关分析表明,蛋白质含量与食味值呈显著的开口向上的左偏抛物线关系（r=0.827*）,直链淀粉含量与食味值呈极显著的直线负相关关系（r=-0.905**）,糙米粒厚与食味值呈显著的开口向下的抛物线关系（r=0.747*）;外观品质指标、蛋白质含量和食味值与灌浆中后期的叶片光合速率均呈负相关关系,直链淀粉含量与之呈正相关关系。说明蛋白质和直链淀粉含量越低稻米的食味越好,在一定范围内,随着糙米粒厚的增加食味增加,而糙米粒厚大于2.1 mm,食味值反而下降;提高水稻灌浆中、后期叶片的光合速率,有利于改善稻米的外观和营养品质,而稻米直链淀粉含量增加,食味值下降。因此,水稻叶片的高光合效率在优质食味米选育方面存在一定的选择压力,合理调控水稻中后期叶片的光合速率对提高和改善稻米食味品质具有重要意义。     

岭南地区荔枝主栽品种品质评价分析

为探索岭南地区不同产区荔枝的营养品质特性及差异性,以海口、茂名、湛江、广州、惠州、汕尾6个荔枝主产区的8个荔枝品种为试验材料,测定单果重、可食率、Vc、还原糖、蔗糖、总酸、可溶性固形物、糖酸比8项品质指标,分析了不同品种、不同产区间荔枝品质的差异。结果表明：不同荔枝品种在单项品质指标上各有优劣,紫娘喜和糯米糍荔枝单果重和可食率分别最高,妃子笑荔枝Vc和还原糖含量最高,桂味荔枝蔗糖含量和可溶性固形物含量最高。不同品质指标存在相关性,主成分分析将8项品质指标综合为3个主成分,综合得分最高的是妃子笑荔枝。不同产地相同品种的荔枝品质指标也存在差异。海口、湛江、茂名3个产区妃子笑荔枝单果重、Vc、还原糖、蔗糖、可溶性固形物均无显著差异,但海口妃子笑荔枝可食率、糖酸比均显著高于湛江妃子笑;广州桂味荔枝的可食率、Vc和总酸含量均显著高于茂名桂味;在广州、惠州、汕尾3个产区糯米糍荔枝中,单果重、Vc、蔗糖含量最高的为惠州糯米糍。通过聚类分析将3个产区的荔枝分为了3类,每类所包括的荔枝均为相同的荔枝品种。研究结果将为荔枝鲜食品种的筛选及种植结构调整提供科学依据。     

高寒地区蓝鳃太阳鱼养殖技术研究

本探讨了蓝鳃太阳鱼（Lepomis macrochirus)在高寒地区的生长成活状况。实验结果表明，在东北地区蓝鳃太阳鱼夏季养殖成活率可以达到85%（单养）和65%（混养），6-8月生长速度较好，混养比单养生长速度快，冰下可以安全越冬。     

用剩余产量模型专家系统(CLIMPROD)评估东海鲐鲹鱼类最大持续产量

根据统计资料，利用剩余产量模型专家系统（CLIMPROD）对东海鲐鲹鱼类最大持续产量（MSY）作了评估分析。结果表明：东海鲐鲹鱼类合计分析时的MSY在34．5~44．2万吨之间，接种类分别评估时，鲐鱼的MSY为16．1万吨，蓝圆鲹为22．2万吨；按区域分析时，鲐鲹鱼东海北部群的MSY为12．5~13．2万吨，福建沿海群为20．1万吨。     

我国对虾养殖生产现状及展望

本文阐述了我国对虾养殖生产的基本情况及对虾养殖生产面临的潜在威胁。从科研,生产和销售三个方面提出了一些急待解决的问题和对策,并对我国养虾业发展的前途做了展望。     

气流干燥管计算中的几个问题

气流干燥装置已广泛地应用于鱼类饲料生产的烘干过程,气流干燥管是该类干燥装置中的主要干燥部件。干燥管的设计计算目前尚无一定的方法,不同学者各有已见。国内应用较多的有费道洛夫()法、桐荣良三法,南京化工学院和天津大学也有各自的计算方法。作者自1985年以来先后主持设计或改进设计了路程可调式通用有机物料气流干燥装置、0.5t/h和1t/h复合氨基酸饲料气流干燥装置等多套该类装置,根据设计计算过程中的经验和认识,对干燥管计算中的若干问题进行     

颗粒荧光技术可快速判别致密砂岩油层

颗粒荧光技术可快速探测储层颗粒中油包裹体和颗粒表面吸附烃, 能较好地反映储层中油气包裹体丰度及油气性质,可以很好地确认现今油藏和古油藏,有效判别油层、水层、油水过渡带以及古油水界面。用颗粒荧光分析技术,分析了依合2A井志留系柯坪塔格组近20块样品,发现该方法可以较好地识别柯坪塔格组致密砂岩储层中的油层、油水过渡带和水层,为致密砂岩储层油水层判别提供了一种新方法;利用该技术还在志留系柯坪塔格组上段底砂岩中识别出一套含油层,表明该技术具有较好的推广和应用价值。     

基于灰色关联下的广西粮食主要生产影响因素评价

通过对1995—2010年主要年份广西主要粮食（稻谷、玉米、大豆、薯类）产量与相关生产因素的灰色关联度动态分析,提出广西主要粮食生产的可持续发展途径,为农业可持续发展提供参考。运用灰色系统理论中的关联度分析法对1995—2010年其中6个主要年份与粮食生产有关的7个影响因素进行量化动态分析。结果表明：粮食产量与相关生产因素的关联度为播种面积〉城镇居民家庭人均购买粮食数量〉化肥施用量〉乡村从业人员〉农田有效灌溉面积〉单位面积产量〉农田总用电量。     

Sericin Accelerates the Production of Hyaluronan and Decreases the Incidence of Polyspermy Fertilization in Bovine Oocytes During In Vitro Maturation

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) has been widely used as a supplement in the maturation medium of bovine oocytes in vitro. However, serum contains many undefined factors and is potentially infectious to humans and animals. As a serum replacement, we evaluated the feasibility of using the silk protein, sericin, derived from the cocoons of silkworm. To examine the rates of oocyte maturation and fertilization, cumulus-oocyte complexes were cultured in TCM-199 supplemented with 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1% or 0.15% sericin or 5% FBS. The sizes of the perivitelline space that might relate to polyspermy, the expressions of Has2 and CD44 mRNA, the amount of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid: HA) contained in the oocytes and the rates of blastocyst formation following insemination were then compared between the oocytes cultured with 0.05% sericin and 5% FBS, because the polyspermy rates in oocytes cultured with 0.05% sericin were significantly lower than in those cultured with 5% FBS. After in vitro maturation (IVM), the mean size of the perivitelline space was significantly greater in oocytes cultured with sericin than in those cultured with FBS, although the rates of nuclear maturation, fertilization and blastocyst formation of oocytes under both IVM conditions were not significantly different. The expression of HAS2 and CD44 mRNA and the amount of HA in the denuded oocytes cultured with 0.05% sericin were significantly greater than in those cultured with FBS. These results indicate the feasibility of sericin as an alternative protein supplement for IVM in bovine oocytes.     

Buffer nitrogen solubility,in vitro ruminal partitioning of nitrogen and in vitro ruminal biological activity of tannins in leaves of four fodder tree species

This study explores the chemical composition, buffer N solubility, in vitro ruminal N degradability and in vitro ruminal biological activity of tannins in leaves from Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Morus alba and Trichanthera gigantea trees. These tree leaves are a potential protein source for ruminants, but their site‐influenced nutritive value is largely unknown. Leucaena leucocephala leaves had the highest N content (42.1 g/kg DM), while T. gigantea leaves had the least (26.1 g/kg DM). Leucaena leucocephala had the highest buffer solubility index (20%), while 10% of the total N in leaves of the other three species was soluble. The rapidly fermentable N fraction ‘a’ was highest in M. alba leaves (734.9 g/kg DM) and least in T. gigantea leaves (139.5 g/kg DM). The rate of fermentation (c) was highest for M. alba (7%/hours) leaves. No significant correlations were recorded between buffer solubility index of N and in vitro ruminal N degradability parameters: a, b, and c. The highest response to tannin inactivation using polyethylene glycol, in terms of percentage increase in 36‐hours cumulative gas production, was recorded in M. alba (39%) and T. gigantea (38%) leaves. It was concluded that buffer solubility of N is not a good indicator of ruminal N degradation in the leaves of these tree species. Leaves of M. alba could be more valuable as a source of rapidly fermentable N when animals are offered low‐protein, high‐fibre diets compared with other tree species evaluated in the current study. However, when feeding M. alba leaves, the role of tannins must be considered because these secondary plant compounds showed significant in vitro ruminal biological activity.