A comparative analysis of the genetic diversity between inbred lines of Zinnia elegans using morphological traits and RAPD and ISSR markers

Genetic diversity within Zinnia elegans is key to the genetic improvement of this important ornamental species. Here, morphological traits and RAPD and ISSR molecular markers were used to assess levels of polymorphism across 20 inbred lines. Thirty-four morphological traits were scored and also 147 RAPD marker-fragments, as amplified by 12 arbitrary primers, and 128 ISSR marker-fragments as generated by 9 primers. The number of polymorphic loci, the percentage of polymorphic loci, Shannon's Information index (I) and the effective number of alleles (Ne) were calculated from the RAPD data as 100, 68.03%, 0.3559 and 1.4169, respectively. From the ISSR data, these respective statistics were calculated as 97, 76.38%, 0.4013 and 1.4728. Thus, ISSR markers were considered slightly superior to RAPD markers for assessing genetic diversity between the accessions; however, Mantel's test indicated significant correlation (R = 0.733) of the RAPD and ISSR results. By contrast, the morphological matrix showed low correlation with both RAPD and ISSR data matrices (R = 0.3814 and 0.3765, respectively). Cluster analysis showed that groupings of the accessions according to all three methods correlated well with their geographic region of origin, but flower color was not strongly associated with the genetic classification of these inbred lines of Z. elegans.     

Is it possible to differentiate between environmental and fishery effects on abundance‐biomass variation? A case study of blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) in the Strait of Gibraltar

We assessed the potential for simulation and modelling of the blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) population in the Strait of Gibraltar to discriminate the environmental effects of fishery impacts. A discrete biomass–abundance dynamic model was implemented to obtain a simulated monthly time series of blackspot seabream biomass. On this simulated time series, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were fitted. The best ARIMA fit provided a significant correlation of 0.76 and persistence index higher than 0.85. The proportion of variance non‐explained by the ARIMA models was correlated with a time series of sea surface temperature (SST) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The analysis of global, annual and winter correlation between the proportion of variance not explained by the ARIMA models and environmental variables showed that significant associations were not detected over the full time series. Our analysis therefore suggests that overexploitation is the main factor responsible for the commercial depletion of blackspot seabream in the Strait of Gibraltar.     

温度、投饵频次对海蜇碟状体生长的影响

实验室条件下,就温度和投饵频次对海蜇碟状体生长过程(伞径生长及活动灵敏度)的影响进行了研究。温度设置为17、21、25℃,投饵频次设置为0.5、1、2、3、4次/d,进行交叉实验。结果表明,温度、投饵频次对碟状体伞径生长的影响均十分显著,且二者的交互作用明显。温度、投饵频次与海蜇碟状体生长之间均存在正相关关系,但各温度下当饵料频次达到一定程度时,投饵频次的增加未对碟状体的平均日生长率产生差异,17℃时每天投饵1次,21℃、25℃时每天投饵2次即能满足碟状体正常生长发育的需求。温度、投饵频次对碟状体的收缩率影响均十分显著,二者的交互作用也很明显。温度与碟状体的收缩率之间成正相关关系,17~21℃时Q10值为2.74,21~25℃时Q10值为1.53,随温度的升高其灵敏度降低。综合本实验条件下的观察结果发现:饵料丰富(即投饵频次相对较高)时,高温(21~25℃)有利于碟状体的生长;饵料不足(即投饵频次相对较低)时,低温(17℃)也有利于碟状体的生长。     

早杂籼稻糙米代替玉米日粮对肉鸡增重效果的研究

选择同来源出壳１日龄的爱拨益加肉用雏鸡４４０只,随机分为４组,每组１１０只。１组为玉米日粮组,２、３、４组依次以糙米取代日糖中玉米５０％、７０％、１００％。采用对比饲养试验,试验期４５ｄ。试验结果：１、２、３和４组鸡试期末平均体重分别为１．９８０、２．０６７、２．２０６和２．３２５ｋｇ;日增重依次为４２．７、４４．７、４７．８和５０．４ｇ;与对照（１）组比较,２,３和４组日增重依次提高４．７％、１     

迷宫流道滴头内流场和颗粒运动的不同湍流模型数值模拟

为更好研究迷宫流道滴头的内流场水力性能和颗粒运动特性,该文采用k-ε模型和Eulerian-Lagrangian两相流模型进行了一系列数值研究。首先,通过3种湍流模型(标准k-ε、RNG k-ε与Realizable k-ε)预测迷宫流道滴头水力特性并与喻黎明等(2009)的试验结果对比分析,标准k-ε模型更适合于模拟迷宫流道滴头的内流场,与PIV试验数据相比,水力性能曲线平均模拟误差仅为2.32%。然后,基于Lagrangian的颗粒离散相模型,数值研究了齿形迷宫流道内不同密度和直径的单个颗粒运动轨迹及运动特性,并与喻黎明等(2009)的相关试验数据比较,结果表明,考虑了重力、浮力、虚拟质量力和曳力的随机轨道模型能够更加准确地模拟颗粒在迷宫流道内的运动,与PIV试验数据相比,颗粒运动速度后平均模拟误差仅为2.34%。颗粒直径变化较密度变化对颗粒运动影响大,随着颗粒直径或密度增大,颗粒运动速度减小,颗粒速度变化幅值大小依次为:速度极小值、平均速度、速度极大值,随着颗粒粒径增大,流经漩涡区时颗粒速度减小较大,颗粒的运动跟随性变差,颗粒在惯性力的作用下沉积在流道拐角内侧的漩涡区,由此可能造成迷宫流道堵塞。同时,以上对比分析表明,相关两相流模型和数值方法可很好预测滴头内部固液两相流动,可为滴头抗堵塞设计提供参考。     

水轮机活动导叶端面间隙磨蚀特性数值模拟

为了研究水轮机活动导叶端面间隙固液两相流动的规律,以及间隙上下表面的磨损情况,基于Fluent软件的RNG k-ε湍流模型和DPM模型,结合水轮机活动导叶端面间隙流的简化模型(圆柱绕流和后台阶流),数值模拟了不同进口速度下,沙粒体积分数分别为1%,5%,7%,10%以及沙粒粒径分别为0.020,0.050,0.075,0.100 mm时,活动导叶端面间隙的三维非稳态流动.通过定常数值模拟得到不同工况下间隙上下表面的平均磨损率分布,分析磨蚀规律和磨蚀位置.结果表明:流场中平均磨损率分布受间隙流模型的结构和两相流参数设置影响较大.随着进口速度和沙粒体积分数增大,间隙流模型上下表面平均磨损率增大,磨损主要集中在轴前、台阶下游再附点位置以及间隙流出口处,最大平均磨损率约为2.0×10^-6 kg/(m²·s).随着沙粒粒径增大,由于惯性力作用,模型上下表面平均磨损率减小;在沙粒粒径小于0.020 mm时,磨损情况相比其他粒径更严重,最大平均磨损率约为0.100 mm时的2倍.     

空间约束混合高斯运动目标检测

目的 针对传统混合高斯模型前景检测运算量过大问题,提出一种基于空间约束的混合高斯前景检测算法。方法 通过快速初始化缩短模型的初始建立过程;采用双重背景模型机制,以自适应背景减法的前景检测结果作为混合高斯前景检测的空间约束条件,降低模型在背景区域的冗余运算;运用多策略自适应模型更新,提高前景检测的准确性。结果 在各种测试场景下,与传统混合高斯法、CodeBook、GMG、偏差均值混合高斯模型(MODGMM)等算法相比,该算法具有更好的准确率以及4倍以上的处理速度。结论 在固定相机场景下的运动目标检测中,算法能有效提高传统混合高斯法的准确性且具有极高的实时性。     

五步推拿法辅治小儿腹泻经验

运用五步推拿法加减辅助内服中药治疗小儿腹泻,据证之虚实运用相应的补泻手法,有促进药物吸收、增强疗效、缩短疗程的作用,而且无痛苦,无毒副作用,患儿容易接受,更宜于服药困难的小儿,并举验案五则以证之。     

科技进步增产的“多年平均产量移动模型”的验证

应用全国、31个省、6个典型地区和16个典型县的数据对科技进步增产的"多年平均产量移动模型"进行了系统性的验证和讨论。研究结果如下:(1)定义了用相邻10年平均单产之差表示科技进步对单产的贡献及其趋势,结论是科技进步是单产增加的主要驱动力;(2)分别定义了用每年单产与5、10、20年平均单产对比关系的概率作为短、中、长期单产稳定性的指标;稳定性研究结果表明国家级大于省级、省级大于地区级、地区级大于县级,不同省、不同地区、不同县之间稳定性差别比较大,这与境内气候的互补性和农田抗御自然灾害的能力有关;(3)就全国而言,越是经济发达的地区科技进步增产加速的时间越早;发达地区单产存在增加-下降-回升阶段,下降原因是经济快速发展初期高产农田被大量占用和(或)蔬菜、水果面积大量增加,回升原因是科技进步持续作用于中、低产田而使其单产得到稳步提高。