果蔬运输受振动·冲击作用研究进展

介绍果蔬在运输过程中的振动、冲击损伤,综述了果蔬振动冲击碰撞试验在实验室模拟时所需考虑的因数,并探讨了果蔬振动冲击损伤体积与各可控因素之间的相关性,此外,也对目前果蔬碰撞参数指标进行了简要说明.研究可为振动冲击作用下果蔬损伤机理的探究做出参考,也为果蔬的运输包装业提供理论依据.     

云南榧内生放线菌FTY2的分子鉴定及其抑菌活性

为探明菌株FTY2的分类地位及其发酵液的抑菌活性,采用改进的CTAB法和抑制菌丝生长速率法对从云南榧新鲜茎叶上分离得到的1株内生放线菌FTY2进行分子鉴定及其发酵液的抑菌活性研究。结果表明:FTY2初步鉴定为链霉菌属(Streptomyces sp.)放线菌,其发酵液对小麦雪腐病菌、油菜菌核病菌、淡色生赤壳菌、腐皮镰刀菌、尖孢炭疽菌和水稻稻瘟病菌等6株植物病原真菌的EC50分别为5.90mL/L、9.48mL/L、11.56mL/L、227.19mL/L、12.35mL/L和61.87mL/L;在121℃下处理30min后,对尖孢炭疽菌的抑菌活性开始大幅下降,抑制率从93.79%(4℃)降至26.73%(121℃);不同pH处理发酵液的抑菌率基本不变,均达92%以上。     

贵州蔗区甘蔗黄叶病发生情况的分子鉴定

为明确甘蔗黄叶病在贵州各蔗区的发生情况,对贵州甘蔗生产主产区的23个甘蔗疑似感病植株进行了甘蔗黄叶病的分子检测。结果表明:8个甘蔗生产区中6个蔗区检测到甘蔗黄叶病毒(SCYLV),样本阳性检测率为47.8%。结论:甘蔗黄叶病在贵州多个蔗区均有发生,不同品种间的感病情况存在差异,生产上需根据实际情况采取相应的防治措施。     

2010—2013年我国鸡传染性支气管炎病毒分离株S1基因分子特性分析

为掌握近年来我国传染性支气管炎病毒的流行动态和变化规律,利用检测转化至克隆载体鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)S1基因序列,应用MEGA5分析软件进行聚类分析,并对瑞普生物疫病诊断研究服务中心2010—2013年间从我国野外分离并测定的30株传染性支气管炎的S1基因序列与常用疫苗毒株和GenBank中代表性IBV毒株的对应基因序列进行比较,结果发现:1)30株野外分离株可分为2个基因型:LX4型和TW型,分别占总数的93.3%和6.7%;2)LX4型分离株S1基因和氨基酸序列与常见疫苗毒株序列差别很大,同源性仅分别为77.6%~86.3%和75.8%~85.7%;3)分析S基因裂解位点时发现同一基因型毒株的裂解位点氨基酸序列高度趋同,且型间差异性较大。可见,近年来我国主要IBV分离株属于LX4型,并且彼此间亲缘关系较近,与我国现用传染性支气管炎主要弱毒疫苗和国外参考株属于不同的基因型,这可能是导致疫苗免疫失败,传染性支气管炎(IB)在鸡群中爆发的主要原因。该研究结果为筛选针对我国目前流行IBV毒株的疫苗株提供参考。     

Development and Characterization of Novel Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers for Tapinoma indicum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Tapinoma indicum (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is a nuisance pest in Asia countries. However, studies on T. indicum are limited, especially in the field of molecular biology, to investigate the species characteristic at the molecular level. This paper aims to provide valuable genetic markers as tools with which to study the T. indicum population. In this study, a total of 143,998 microsatellite markers were developed based on the 2.61 × 10⁶ microsatellites isolated from T. indicum genomic DNA sequences. Fifty selected microsatellite markers were amplified with varying numbers of alleles ranging from 0 to 19. Seven out of fifty microsatellite markers were characterized for polymorphism with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis. All seven microsatellite markers demonstrated a high polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranging from 0.87 to 0.93, with a mean value of 0.90. There is no evidence of scoring errors caused by stutter peaks, no large allele dropout, and no linkage disequilibrium among the seven loci; although loci Ti-Tr04, Ti-Tr09, Ti-Te04, Ti-Te13, and Ti-Pe5 showed signs of null alleles and deviation from the HWE due to excessive homozygosity. In conclusion, a significant amount of microsatellite markers was developed from the data set of next-generation sequencing, and seven of microsatellite markers were validated as informative genetic markers that can be utilized to study the T. indicum population.     

非营利组织的发展:动力、机制与作用

从需求动机、利益刺激、社会组织结构与职能变化,以及“两部门失灵”等多个角度论述非营利组织产生和发展的动机,并浅析了非营利组织的监督机制、激励机制、竞争机制与创新机制。结合当今全球化的时代背景与我国加入WTO的具体环境,着重分析了我国非营利组织在政府职能转变过程中的重要作用。     

如何实现预算管理的实效

全面预算管理是现代化企业管理的一种重要手段，也是一种使企业的资源获得最佳生产率的管理模式，在企业规划、协调、控制、考评、激励等活动中有显著的作用。本文从形成良好的预算管理系统、建立健全预算管理网络、建立灵敏的财务反应机制、完善预算控制、创造推行全面预算管理的环境5个方面，对实施预算管理进行了论述，以期树立正确的预算观念，真正实现预算管理的实效。     

鸡球虫病保护性免疫机制

从体液免疫、细胞免疫及相关免疫效应综合了鸡球虫病保护性免疫机制的研究进展。     

AFLP, ISSR and RAPD markers reveal high levels of genetic diversity among Lupinus spp.

The Lupinus genus includes a number of important crop species. The use of defined nucleotide sequences for the analysis of genetic diversity among these species has revealed modest levels of diversity. The aim of this study was to access AFLP, ISSR and RAPD markers to evaluate the genetic diversity among L. albus, L. angustifolius, L. cosentinii, L. hispanicus, L. luteus, L. mutabilis, L. pilosus and L. polyphyllus. Unexpectedly, low levels of genetic similarity were found (ranging from 0.205 to 0.432), regardless of the type of molecular marker used. Nevertheless, these techniques consistently showed a greater genetic similarity between L. pilosus and L. cosentinii, L. mutabilis and L. polyphyllus and among L. luteus, L. hispanicus and L. angustifolius, clearly separating the Old World from the New World species. Such low genetic similarity among Lupinus spp. is most unlikely to be due to differences in coding sequences but could be the result of a long diverging process concerning non‐coding regions, which would represent a very important proportion of these genomes.     

抗稻瘿蚊分子育种研究进展与利用

综述了近年来在抗稻瘿蚊基因的分子标记和分子标记辅助选择育种方面的研究进展及其利用。