广西岩溶山区吊丝竹封山育林综合技术

根据广西岩溶山区现有吊丝竹低产疏残林资源、分布和生长状况,从封育条件、封育方式、人工补植、松土除草、施肥抚育、低产竹复壮、保留合理密度及主要病虫害防治等方面介绍了封山育林综合培育技术.     

花生抗黄曲霉侵染主微效基因分析

采用主-微效基因混合遗传模式,分析了花生抗黄曲霉侵染的遗传规律。结果表明花生对黄曲霉侵染的抗性是由一对主基因和一对微效基因控制。主效基因和微效基因均以加性效应为主,无显性效应。主基因、微效基因加性效应值分别为0.38和0.12。     

小蔓长春花炭疽病的初步研究

作者经1984～1986年对温州市小蔓长春花病害研究证明,主要病害是由Colletotrichum dematium(Pers.ex Fr.)Grove.引起的炭疽病。该病菌能侵染叶、茎蔓和嫩梢,尤其嫩梢最易受害。病菌生长最适温度为26—28℃,最适pH为5.4—6.7。光照能促进分生孢子盘及分生孢子的形成,但抑制孢子萌发。人工接种能侵染苹果和梨。经筛选对炭疽病有效的药剂有炭疽福美和百菌清。     

Nutrient composition and protein quality of minor millets

Nutrient composition of five minor millets produced and consumed in dry land regions and tribal areas of Andhra Pradesh, India, was evaluated. The millets analysed were Italian millet (Setaria Italica), French millet (Panicum miliaceum), Barnyard millet (Echinachloa colona), Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) and little millet (Panicum miliare). The nutrients analysed were proximate principles, amino acids, fibre components, calcium, Phosphorus and Iron. Protein and energy were evaluated by true digestability (TD), biological value (BV), net protein utilization (NPU) and digestible energy (DE) in rats. The protein content was higher and lysine content lower, when compared to major millets. Dehusked millets had lower total dietary fibre (TDF) and tannin. The TD of protein ranged between 95.0 to 99.3, whereas the BV was between 48.3 and 56.5. All the millets were poor sources of calcium, phosphorus and iron, with the exception of french millet.     

甘蓝型油菜DH群体抗裂角性的遗传分析

提高抗裂角性是培育适合机械化收获油菜品种的基本要求。为了明确油菜抗裂角性的遗传规律,本研究利用抗裂角性差异显著的两个甘蓝型油菜品系配制杂交组合,通过小孢子培养构建了一个双单倍体(doubled haploid,DH)群体。采用随机碰撞法对该群体进行连续两年的抗裂角性鉴定,并利用植物数量性状的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型及偏度和峰度分析对抗裂角性进行遗传分析。结果表明,甘蓝型油菜的抗裂角性受3对主基因+多基因控制,涉及的基因数目为8~10对,存在基因的加性效应及基因间的互补作用;两年试验中抗裂角性的主基因遗传率均大于85.00%,主基因遗传率较高,表明该性状主要受主基因控制,受其它微效多基因及环境的影响有限。因此,在油菜抗裂角性遗传改良中,应通过杂交聚合不同抗性等级材料中的主效抗裂角基因,在早期世代加强对抗性的选择,并可以忽略环境因素的影响。     

Specialised woodpeckers and naturalness in hemiboreal forests – Deriving quantitative targets for conservation planning

In many parts of the world’s forests, intensive management has resulted in habitat loss for several species. Among these, specialised woodpeckers (Aves: Picidae) have been affected negatively due to their high requirements for resources that are scarce in managed forests. We used the gradient of anthropogenic impact on forests in northern Europe’s Baltic Sea region to (1) assess the relationship between the presence of four focal woodpecker species and forest naturalness and (2) quantify their requirements regarding specific resources in four different areas (south-central Sweden, southern Sweden, Lithuania and northeastern Poland). This study focused on specialised woodpecker species of the Dendropicini tribe: the three-toed (Picoides tridactylus), middle spotted (Dendrocopos medius), white-backed (Dendrocopos leucotos) and lesser spotted (Dendrocopos minor) woodpeckers. The occurrence of these species in landscape units of 100 ha was generally related positively to the degree of forest naturalness and to the amounts of resources considered critical for the suitability of their respective habitats. For the middle spotted woodpecker, basal areas 1.0 m²/ha of large-diameter deciduous trees (DBH  40 cm) were associated with a high probability of occurrence (0.9). For the white-backed woodpecker, the same probability of occurrence was found for basal areas 1.4 m²/ha of deciduous snags (DBH  10 cm). Relationships between the occurrence of the three-toed and lesser spotted woodpeckers and snag abundance were more variable among study areas. The results suggest that specialised woodpeckers would benefit from an increase in the area of forest with natural properties. Moreover, they allow defining tentative quantitative targets for sustainable forest management.     

Advocating a need for suitable breeding approaches to boost integrated pest management: a European perspective

Currently, European farmers do not have access to sufficient numbers and diversity of crop species/varieties. This prevents them from designing cropping systems more resilient to abiotic and biotic stresses. Crop diversification is a key lever to reduce pest (pathogens, animal pests and weeds) pressures at all spatial levels from fields to landscapes. In this context, plant breeding should consist of: (1) increased efforts in the development of new or minor crop varieties to foster diversity in cropping systems, and (2) focus on more resilient varieties showing local adaptation. This new breeding paradigm, called here ‘breeding for integrated pest management (IPM)’, may boost IPM through the development of cultivars with tolerance or resistance to key pests, with the goal of reducing reliance on conventional pesticides. At the same time, this paradigm has legal and practical implications for future breeding programs, including those targeting sustainable agricultural systems. By putting these issues into the context, this article presents the key outcomes of a questionnaire survey and experts' views expressed during an EU workshop entitled ‘Breeding for IPM in sustainable agricultural systems’. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

欧亚种葡萄（Vitis vinifera）品种的自交和杂交后代对霜霉病（Plasmopara viticola）抗性的分析

通过温室幼苗接种鉴定、田间自然鉴定的方法,研究了几个欧亚种葡萄品种的自交和杂交后代群体的霜霉病感病性及其分布。研究结果表明,即使利用感病的欧亚种葡萄品种进行自交或杂交,在其后代群体中也能出现一些抗病单株,虽然它们的比例较少;后代群体中抗病植株的比例与亲本的感病性呈反相关。温室幼苗接种鉴定结果与田间自然鉴定结果存在着高度的一致性;叶片抗病性与果穗抗病性呈正相关。本文对利用欧亚种葡萄品种间霜霉病感病性的差异进行优质抗病育种途径进行了探讨。     

4GL-1.80型多功能小杂粮收割机的研制

为解决山西省小杂粮机械化收获问题,在小麦型收割机的基础上,确定了与8.8~14.7 kW轮式拖拉机配套的4GL-1.80型多功能小杂粮收割机的总体方案,完成了切割器、输送机构等部件的设计计算和参数确定。试验及示范应用结果表明,主要技术指标均达到或超过该机的设计要求:工作速度4.8 km/h,铺放角105°,角度差6°,生产效率0.81 hm2/h。在收割谷黍和豆类作物时均未出现拖拉机功率不足现象。该收割机可一次实现扶禾、分禾、切割、输送、铺放等功能,适用于经济欠发达杂粮产区。     

海岸凤尾蕨（Pteris minor）的地理分布格局及保护价值分析

海岸凤尾蕨是海岸带少有的蕨类植物之一。由于其植株形态和傅氏凤尾蕨相似，因长期被误定为傅氏凤尾蕨而缺乏关注。其实，二者在生境、植株形态、孢子形态及染色体倍性上有明显区别。所以，海岸凤尾蕨由傅氏凤尾蕨的变种提升为种。为厘清海岸凤尾蕨的分布区域和生存现状，通过整理前人的采集记录和研究结果，结合野外考察，使用Arc-GIS 10.7软件构建海岸凤尾蕨不同范围的地理分布信息图，并依据IUCN 3.1的标准，对其保护价值进行评估。研究结果显示：（1）从世界地理分布格局来看，海岸凤尾蕨主要分布在亚洲；亚洲主要分布在中国、日本和菲律宾；中国主要分布在浙江、福建、澳门、香港和台湾；日本主要分布在琉球群岛；菲律宾主要分布在北部岛屿。（2）根据IUCN 3.1标准，海岸凤尾蕨的保护等级暂时定为近危（NT）。从目前的数据来看，海岸凤尾蕨的分布范围狭窄，其生境容易受到人类活动的干扰，却长期缺乏保护。因此，最后提出相应保护建议。