小型西瓜果实中番茄红素含量的比较研究

用含2%二氯甲烷的石油醚有机溶剂提取小型西瓜果实中的番茄红素,通过分光光度法在503 nm波长下测定其吸收值,分析比较了不同品种(系)小型西瓜果实中番茄红素含量的差异.研究结果表明,红瓤和粉红瓤小西瓜果实中番茄红素主要在果实发育的后期合成,授粉后第18～24 d是西瓜果实番茄红素合成的关键时期,橙、黄瓤西瓜中番茄红素含量的变化不明显;西瓜果实中番茄红素含量因品种、瓤色差异显著,红瓤品种>粉红瓤品种>橙瓤品种>黄瓤品种,所测红瓤小型西瓜番茄红素含量为56.6～75.2μg/g.     

小果型西瓜新品种‘圣女红2号’

 ‘圣女红2号’为优质、特早熟、小果型西瓜新品种。植株长势强健, 抗病抗逆性强, 雌花出现早, 易坐果, 果实膨大快, 单果质量1.8～2.2 kg。果实椭圆形, 浅绿底覆墨绿细条带, 果肉浓粉红色, 肉质松脆细嫩, 品质佳, 适合各地春播大中棚特早熟覆盖栽培。     

中小果型无籽西瓜新品种博帅的选育

博帅系湖南博达隆科技发展有限公司以9048为母本、M-2为父本杂交育成的中小果型黄瓤无籽西瓜新品种。该品种全生育期90d左右,雌花开放至果实成熟约需27d。植株生长势中强,抗病抗逆性强。果实短椭圆形,果形指数1.2。果皮浅绿底覆绿色齿条带,厚度0.9cm,硬韧,耐贮运。瓤色鲜黄,质脆爽口,纤维少,无籽性能好;中心可溶性固形物12%～13%,边部9%～9.5%。单果质量4kg左右,667m2产量2700kg左右。适应性广,全国各地均可栽培。2009年3月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:湘审西瓜2009002。     

西瓜新品种‘海田9565’

 ‘海田9565’西瓜为早熟、优质、高产、稳产的杂交新品种。全生育期92 d, 果实椭圆, 青皮网纹, 皮厚1.0～1.2 cm, 果肉大红色, 质脆沙, 中心糖1214%。平均单瓜质量7 kg左右, 产量47.01～52.33 t·hm^-2。抗病性、抗逆性较强。果皮韧性好, 抗裂性极强, 耐贮运。     

Load behaviors of a prefabricated wood framing house during lifting and transportation

Lifting for handling and flatbed truck transportation to the job site are important processes during manufacture of prefabri-cated wooden construction units like mini homes and building modules. Significant damage can occur to sections or components of units during these operations. Although damage usually will not impair its structural safety, it is costly to fix and causes the public to perceive prefabricated wooden buildings as low quality products. Field observations and preliminary numerical models for prefabri-cated units subject to lifting and transportation forces are summarized here. Once fully developed and verified, models will support the creation of damage mitigation strategies centered on structural details indicating how units are to be supported during lifting and transportation.     

生物有机肥配施硅钙钾镁肥对西瓜产量、品质及土壤养分的影响

为科学减少化肥用量,改善土壤结构和环境,研究生物有机肥和硅钙钾镁肥对作物生长和改善土壤养分方面的作用,以‘L600’小果型西瓜为研究对象,设置生物有机肥配施硅钙钾镁肥并减少底肥化肥用量等4个处理,以常规施肥作为对照,研究上述肥料对西瓜产量、品质及土壤养分的影响。结果表明：生物有机肥配施硅钙钾镁肥与常规施肥相比,产量提高8.05%,心糖含量提高13.08%,边糖含量提高5.77%,维生素C含量提高18.57% ,总酸含量降低31.25%、硝酸盐含量下降18.22%。两种肥料对改善土壤环境具有积极作用,土壤pH、有效磷、速效钾含量对比常规施肥明显升高。在此条件下减少底肥化肥施用,能够保证西瓜产量和品质,是一种有效的减量施肥方法。     

西瓜后绿突变体光合特性分析

【目的】分析西瓜后绿突变体的光合特性,为进一步探究西瓜叶色后绿机制及将叶色标记应用于杂交育种提供理论依据。【方法】以田间发现的西瓜叶色后绿突变体63第三节位（Ⅰ时期）黄化叶片、第九节位（Ⅱ时期）绿色叶片及绿叶品系Liu-2相同节位叶片为材料,测定其光合色素（叶绿素a（Chl a）、叶绿素b（Chl b）、类胡萝卜素（Caro）、总叶绿素（Chl））含量、光合参数（净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）、胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）、蒸腾速率（T_r））和荧光动力学参数（初始荧光产量（F₀）、最大荧光产量（F_m）、最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、实际光化学效率（F_v′/F_m′）、实际光化学量子效率（Φ_PSⅡ）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）、电子传递效率（ETR））,并进行比较分析。【结果】与Ⅰ时期相比,在Ⅱ时期,正常绿叶品系Liu-2叶片中的Chl a、Chl b、Caro、Chl及Chl a/Chl b差异不显著,但Caro/Chl显著降低了2.7%;后绿突变体63叶片中的Chl a、Chl b、Caro及Chl表现出极显著差异,较Ⅰ时期分别增加177.7%,251.9%,92.0%和171.1%,而Caro/Chl极显著降低了29.2%。Liu-2的P_n、G_s、T_r分别提高133.1%,41.0%和7.3%,C_i减少16.0%;后绿突变体63的P_n、G_s、T_r分别提高1 213.7%,49.6%和17.3%,C_i减少19.3%。与Ⅰ时期相比,Ⅱ时期Liu-2的F₀减少4.9%,F_m、F_v/F_m、F_v′/F_m′、Φ_PSⅡ、qP、ETR分别增加8.0%,3.0%,33.9%,77.2%,32.2%和77.2%;63的F₀、F_m、F_v/F_m、F_v′/F_m′、Φ_PSⅡ、qP、ETR分别增加78.1%,124.1%,6.6%,25.3%,70.0%,34.5%和68.5%,63转绿后F₀、F_m的增加程度大于Liu-2。【结论】西瓜后绿突变体63-Ⅰ时期光合色素过低,导致幼叶黄化;Ⅱ时期光合色素含量大幅提高,使叶色逐渐由黄转绿。在此过程中其Chl含量提高,光能捕捉能力增强,荧光产量增加,最终光合能力得以恢复。     

四倍体少籽西瓜新品种兴桂六号的选育

【目的】选育适合露地爬地栽培和大棚立架栽培的四倍体西瓜新品种,提高广西西瓜产业竞争力。【方法】于2008年利用四倍体西瓜403作母本,四倍体西瓜JL作父本,配组选育四倍体一代杂交种兴桂六号,2009-2010年,连续两年进行露地爬地栽培品比试验,2011-2012年,连续两年进行大棚立架栽培品比试验。【结果】兴桂六号全生育期春造90-100 d,秋造65-80 d,果实发育期29-35 d。单果重3.5-4.5 kg,果实圆形,表皮深绿覆盖墨绿条带,有光泽,皮厚1.0-1.2 cm,耐贮运。果肉大红色,剖面光滑,纤维黄筋少,种籽少,汁多,质实、细密、清甜爽口,品质优,中心含糖11.5%。2009-2010年,连续两年露地爬地栽培品比试验,平均产量分别为38081.3和34602.8 kg/ha,分别比对照增产15.6%和13.7%。2011-2012年,连续两年大棚立架栽培品比试验平均产量分别为66577.5和63169.5 kg/ha,分别比对照增产18.1%和15.0%。2012年广西西瓜区域试验平均产量34182.0 kg/ha,比对照增产10.8%;2010-2012年,露地爬地生产栽培示范试验平均产量32550.0-36585.0 kg/ha,比对照增产10.6%-15.5%;大棚立架生产栽培试验平均产量60178.5-63168.0 kg/ha,比对照增产12.6%-15.2%。【结论】四倍体杂交西瓜新品种兴桂六号适宜露地栽培和大棚立体栽培,在广西西瓜种植区均可推广种植。     

湖南秋季大棚无籽西瓜品种立架栽培技术研究

根据湖南秋季的气候特点,2012～2014年在湖南省岳阳市农业科技示范园、长沙市农作物品种展示基地（浏阳市淳口镇黄荆坪村）进行大棚秋季无籽西瓜品种立架栽培试验研究,参试品种为泉蜜308无籽、金丽黄无籽、博达隆一号无籽、黑童宝无籽、博帅无籽、神玉无籽、博达隆三号无籽、绿虎无籽、金蜜红无籽、蜜童无籽。试验结果表明,所有参试品种均表现出耐高温性强、抗性强、果皮外观漂亮、商品率高、瓤色鲜艳、口感好、无籽性能好、品质上佳、产量高等优点,适宜湖南丘陵地区与洞庭湖区等地秋季大棚立架栽培种植。     

Time dependence of hydraulic parameters estimation from transient analysis of mini disc infiltrometer measurements

The transient analysis of mini disc infiltrometer (MDI) measurements is an established method for characterising near-surface hydraulic characteristics of soils. The reliability of hydraulic characteristics obtained from transient analysis depends on the (1) adequacy of model, (2) adequacy of data, (3) measurement time and (4) measurement footprint. The measurement time dependence recommendations are reported only for a few soil textures, initially wet samples and tension infiltrometer (TI) with a higher measurement footprint than the MDI. This study investigated the adequacy of infiltration data (using cumulative linearization [CL] and differentiated linearization [DL]) and measurement time influence on the hydraulic parameters determined from the transient analysis of MDI measurements for six soil textures. The objective of the study is to identify suitable MDI measurement durations for different soil textures for the initially dry state, considering both adequacy of data and time fractionation (measurement time influence). The data adequacy time obtained from the DL (T_DL) was found to be 0.8 times less than the value obtained from CL (T_CL). The marginal difference in T_DL and T_CL had a significant influence on the determination of infiltration equation coefficient C₁ and negligible influence on coefficient C₂. The time fractionation procedure adopted for identifying adequate MDI measurement time (T_m) was found to be comparable based on sorptivity (S₀) and hydraulic conductivity (K₀). The average T_m was also comparable with T_DL and T_CL with a strong positive correlation. The C₂ values obtained based on T_m, T_DL, and T_CL were in better agreement than the corresponding C₁ values. The adequate MDI measurement times identified by considering T_m, T_DL, and T_CL were texture dependent, ranging from 45 min for silt to 120 min for silt loam and silty clay loam. For loamy sand, it was 50 min; for sand, it was 70 min, followed by 60 min for loam.