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51.
【目的】评价疏勒县生态环境质量及生态环境演变过程。【方法】基于Landsat遥感影像数据,利用归一化植被指数NDVI、像元二分模型、中心迁移模型等方法分析了1996-2017年疏勒县植被覆盖时空演化。【结果】①疏勒县植被覆盖分布总体以高植被覆盖为主成大面积片状分布,中、低植被覆盖主要以盖孜河和克孜河为轴线,相对围绕高植被覆盖分散分布;②1996-2017年疏勒县植被覆盖面积和覆盖度均呈增加趋势。2017年的植被覆盖面积比1996年增加了456.4 km2,增加率为38.3%;③疏勒县植被覆盖空间变化上存在一定的区域性和时段性差异。区域上,南部乡镇覆盖度明显增加;时段上,2009-2013年植被覆盖面积增加最明显;④1996-2017年疏勒县植被覆盖中心整体往东南迁移;⑤气候变暖对疏勒县植被覆盖度变化有一定的影响,但短期内人类活动影响更大。灌区改造高效节水、耕地开垦、农作物的种植及林带面积的增加是植被覆盖面积增加的主要因素。【结论】综上可知,气候变暖和生态治理工程等人类活动因素可能是疏勒县植被覆盖面积与覆盖度呈增加的主要原因,这表明疏勒县生态环境保护与治理是科学合理的。 相似文献
52.
为了深入揭示干旱区膜下滴灌棉田冻融期土壤水、盐和温度的动态变化规律,利用Hydra水盐热系统实现对冻融期宽行、窄行和膜间位置15,25和40 cm深度土壤液态水分、温度和电导率实时等间隔加密监测,分析了冻融期土壤水盐热动态变化过程.结果表明:同一位置不同深度液态水分、电导率和温度动态变化规律一致;冻融期内盐分垂向运移规律为深层土壤内的盐分向表层运移,冻融作用使盐分发生了重分布,加重了土壤40 cm深度的盐分含量,电导率增值范围为20~80 μS/cm,并且冻融前后不同位置电导率以位置排序由大到小为宽行,窄行,膜间;在冻融过程中不同位置土壤温度、液态水分和电导率两两之间存在着正相关关系(P<0.01),其相关系数大于0.74,而电导率与温度和液态水分两者也存在极强的多元一次函数关系(P<0.01),其相关系数大于0.90;冻结和融化并不是重合的过程,而是在期间会出现分叉点,分叉点出现在-1 ℃附近.研究结果对制定合理的非生育期灌溉制度具有重要参考意义. 相似文献
53.
D. R. N. Primmett F. B. Eddy M. S. Miles C. Talbot J. E. Thorpe 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1988,5(4):181-186
Whole-body (but predominantly gill) Na+ exchange, gill Na+/K+/ATPase activity and seawater tolerance were examined in juvenile Atlantic salmon during the smolting period. Transepithelial net Na+ gain decreased steadily from late February showing a net loss in April and early May, returning to approximate equilibrium in mid-May. This seasonal net loss of Na+ to the environment occurred slightly after maximal gill epithelial Na+/K+/ATPase activity and preceded maximal seawater tolerance. The results are discussed in relation to changes in gill permeability and salt intake via the diet. 相似文献
54.
In vitro effects of Musa x paradisiaca extracts on four developmental stages of Haemonchus contortus
C. Marie-Magdeleine L. Udino L. Philibert B. Bocage H. Archimede 《Research in veterinary science》2014
This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro effect of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf against the parasitic nematode of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus. Three extracts (aqueous, methanolic and/or dichloromethane) of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf were tested in vitro on four developmental stages of H. contortus using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval development assay (LDA), L3 migration inhibition assay (LMI) and adult worm motility assay (AWM). The highly significant (P < 0.0001) ability to stop larval development (inhibition >67% for each extract) and the negative effect of the dichloromethane extract of leaf on adult worm motility (43% of inhibition of motility after 24 h of incubation) compared to the negative controls, suggest anthelmintic properties of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf against H. contortus. The active principles responsible for the activity could be secondary metabolites such as terpenoid and flavonoid compounds present in the leaf and stem of the plant. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: The migratory history of anadromous white-spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis collected from Japanese coastal waters, was examined in terms of strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) uptake in the otolith, by means of wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometry using an electron microprobe. Otolith Sr concentration or Sr : Ca ratios of anadromous S. leucomaenis , fluctuated strongly along the life history transect in accordance with the migration (habitat) pattern from sea to fresh water. The anadrmous S. leucomaenis showed phase L (low Sr : Ca ratio) from the core to the point 1000–2500 µm distant, averaging 1.3 × 10−3 to 2.7 × 10−3 and thereafter, the ratios increased sharply, being higher than 5.0 × 10−3 to 10.0 × 10−3 . These findings indicated that otolith Sr : Ca ratios reflected individual life histories, enabling a sea habitat to be identified from a freshwater habitat in this species. 相似文献
59.
Atlantic halibut juveniles, which have been fed Artemia during larval development, frequently demonstrate malpigmentation and impaired eye migration. This is in contrast to the high percentage of normally developed larvae fed copepods, reared under similar conditions. Nutrition is therefore an important component influencing larval development. Analyses of the nutrient composition of Artemia and copepods show that Atlantic halibut larvae fed Artemia probably receive sufficient amounts of vitamin A by converting canthaxanthin, while iodine may be deficient, possibly leading to interrupted thyroid hormone synthesis. An unbalanced fatty acid composition, such as high levels of arachidonic acid and low levels of docosahexaenoic acid, can be another limiting factor in Artemia. Vitamin A, fatty acids and thyroid hormones have all been shown to affect pigmentation in flatfish. They are ligands to nuclear receptors, thyroid hormone receptors, retinoic acid receptors, retinoic X receptors and peroxisomal proliferator‐activated receptors, which are members of the superfamily of steroid hormone receptors. The receptors interact with each other to promote gene expression that modulates proliferation and differentiation of cells. Our hypothesis is that these interactions are important for development during flatfish metamorphosis. Very little data exist on the topic of impaired eye migration. However, energy limitation, iodine deficiency and an unbalanced fatty acid composition have been proposed as possible explanations. Here, we review the literature on development of pigment cells and the possible mechanisms behind the effects of vitamin A, fatty acids and thyroid hormone on pigmentation and eye migration during development of Atlantic halibut larvae. 相似文献
60.
Movements of Atlantic salmon migrating upstream through a fish-pass complex in Scotland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. R. D. Gowans J. D. Armstrong I. G. Priede S. Mckelvey 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2003,12(3):177-189
Abstract – Movements of adult Atlantic salmon were tracked through a series of four fish passes and an impoundment on the River Conon system, Northern Scotland. Proportions of fish passing individual obstructions ranged from 63 to 100%. The cumulative effect was that only 4 of the 54 tagged fish reached the spawning areas. The fish were delayed for 1–41 days at a pool-and-overfall ladder and 1–52 days at a Borland fish lift. The fish swam through a 10 km long reservoir at 0.21–1.16 km·h−1 . A total of 13 fish negotiated a 2.5 km long, 3 m diameter diversion tunnel through a mountain to their home river. High levels of electromyogram (EMG) activity were recorded during ascent of a pool-and-overfall fish ladder, indicating that high energy demanding burst swimming was required. 相似文献