Polymorphism Analysis of 3 Quail Groups by Using Microsatellite Marker

In order to reveal the genetic structure and genetic relationship of Korean quail, Chinese Yellow quail, Chinese Black quail, the 3 quail populations from the molecular level, to provide for the study of genetic resources of quail.This study used PCR amplification, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, cluster analysis and other methods of 3 quail populations were polymorphic analysis of microsatellite markers.The results showed that 12 microsatellite markers in 3 quails was detected in the observed number of alleles was between 4 and 7, the average polymorphism information content of Chinese Yellow quail, Chinese Black quail, Korean quail were 0.6853, 0.6401 and 0.6565, respectively;The average heterozygosity were 0.7333, 0.6957 and 0.7111, respectively, which Chinese Yellow quail population genetic diversity was the most abundant polymorphism.The cluster analysis showed that the Chinese Black quail and Korean quail smallest genetic distance was 0.0628, so the Chinese Black quail and Korean quail were clustered into one category, and then was Chinese Yellow quail together.This was further evidence of Chinese Black quail and Korean quail had a closer genetic relationship, and the genetic relationship of Chinese Black quail and Korean quail was more distant with Chinese Yellow quail.     

猪博卡病毒非结构蛋白NP1基因的克隆及基因分型研究

为明确猪博卡病毒福建株非结构蛋白NP1的特征,本研究根据GenBank中登录的非结构蛋白NP1的基因特征,设计特异性引物从一份患有断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征的仔猪肺脏和淋巴结基因组DNA中扩增到猪博卡病毒非结构蛋白NP1的全长基因序列。测序结果显示,本试验克隆的猪博卡病毒非结构蛋白NP1的基因全长为675bp,编码有224个氨基酸,其与美国株猪博卡病毒(OH110株)核苷酸同源性最高,达97.3%,但与美国株猪博卡病毒(IN109-1株)核苷酸同源性仅为81.8%;与英国北爱尔兰野猪博卡病毒(F41株和64-1株)同源性均不高,分别为82.5%和80.9%;与猪博卡病毒(H18株)核苷酸同源性最低,仅为43.8%。通过对猪博卡病毒代表株进行核苷酸同源性比对分析发现,猪博卡病毒存在3个主要的基因群,不同基因群非结构蛋白NP1的核苷酸同源性均低于50.0%。结果提示需对猪博卡病毒进行明确的划分,不同来源的猪博卡病毒可细分为3个明显的代表种。     

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Salmonella enterica in Captive Wildlife and Exotic Animal Species in Ohio,USA

The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence, antimicrobial resistance patterns, phenotypic and genotypic relatedness of Salmonella enterica recovered from captive wildlife host species and in the environment in Ohio, USA. A total of 319 samples including faecal (n = 225), feed (n = 38) and environmental (n = 56) were collected from 32 different wild and exotic animal species in captivity and their environment in Ohio. Salmonellae were isolated using conventional culture methods and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility with the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Salmonella isolates were serotyped, and genotyping was performed using the pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Salmonella was detected in 56 of 225 (24.9%) faecal samples; six of 56 (10.7%) environmental samples and six of 38 (15.8%) feed samples. Salmonella was more commonly isolated in faecal samples from giraffes (78.2%; 36/46), cranes (75%; 3/4) and raccoons (75%; 3/4). Salmonella enterica serotypes of known public health significance including S. Typhimurium (64.3%), S. Newport (32.1%) and S. Heidelberg (5.3%) were identified. While the majority of the Salmonella isolates were pan‐susceptible (88.2%; 60 of 68), multidrug‐resistant strains including penta‐resistant type, AmStTeKmGm (8.8%; six of 68) were detected. Genotypic diversity was found among S. Typhimurium isolates. The identification of clonally related Salmonella isolates from environment and faeces suggests that indirect transmission of Salmonella among hosts via environmental contamination is an important concern to workers, visitors and other wildlife. Results of this study show the diversity of Salmonella serovars and public health implications of human exposure from wildlife reservoirs.     

玉米重组自交系群体遗传图谱的构建及标记

以黄早四和Mo 17为亲本,组建了含239份重组自交系的F9代分离群体.共选取了370对SSR引物用于亲本多态性筛选,结果有126对引物能扩增出清晰的多态性条带.用这些有多态性的引物进一步作群体分析,除有23对引物扩增效果较差外,其余引物在多态性、重复性方面均表现较好.最后,用该重组自交系群体构建了玉米分子标记遗传连锁图谱,该图谱拟合了103个分布于10个连锁群的微卫星标记位点,覆盖玉米整个基因组1 455.4 cM,标记间平均图距14.1 cM.     

中国重点保护地方鸭品种资源的多样性分析

通过资源调查摸清了我国8个重点保护地方鸭品种(建昌鸭、攸县麻鸭、北京鸭、绍兴鸭、高邮鸭、连城白鸭、金定鸭、莆田黑鸭)的保种现状,并选用28个多态性较好的微卫星标记,对其进行了遗传多样性分析。结果显示,建昌鸭已经濒临灭绝,其他7个鸭品种均处于正常保种状态;28个微卫星位点的平均PIC为0.472,除APL23、APL79为中度多态外,其余26个微卫星均为高度多态;8个地方鸭品种中,有些品种有特异性片段和特异性缺失片段;群体平均杂合度建昌鸭最高(0.588),金定鸭最低(0.514)。8个地方鸭种被聚类为3个类群,类:攸县麻鸭、北京鸭和建昌鸭;类:绍兴鸭和高邮鸭;类:莆田黑鸭、金定鸭和连城白鸭。     

5个鸭群体遗传关系的微卫星标记分析

选用12个微卫星标记对5个鸭群体（金陵黑鸭、樱桃谷鸭、乌嘴鸭、莆田黑鸭和三穗鸭）的进行了了群体内杂合度、多态信息含量和群体间遗传距离进行检测和分析。结果表明，12个微卫星标记只有7个在5个群体中检测到多态性，5个群体的平均杂合度在0．5308-0．6347之间，其中金陵黑鸭的平均杂合度最高，乌嘴鸭的最低。基于Nei氏标准遗传距离构建的系统发生树结果表明，樱桃谷鸭独聚为一大类，金陵黑鸭与乌嘴鸭聚集为一类，莆田黑鸭和三穗鸭聚集为一类。上述5个群体7个微卫星座位的检测和分析结果为这些鸭群体的资源利用提供了参考依据。     

利用微卫星标记分析云南6个地方鸡品种的遗传多样性

通过选用30个多态性较好的微卫星标记,检测了云南省武定鸡、茶花鸡、云龙矮脚鸡、盐津乌骨鸡、腾冲雪鸡和西双版纳斗鸡共6个地方鸡品种的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)和群体间的DA遗传距离。结果表明:30个微卫星位点中有24个微卫星位点在6个鸡群体中的多态信息含量为高度多态,还有6个微卫星位点为中度多态,这些位点均可作为有效的遗传标记用于各鸡品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析中;在6个品种中,武定鸡杂合度最低,为0.602 3,腾冲雪鸡杂合度最高,为0.668 9,杂合度的高低与PIC值的大小体现了较高的一致性。对DA遗传距离的计算结果表明,体型较小的茶花鸡与其他大中型鸡品种距离均较远。用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,结果6个鸡品种被聚为3类:云龙矮脚鸡、盐津乌骨鸡和武定鸡聚为一类;腾冲雪鸡和西双版纳斗鸡聚为一类;茶花鸡独自为一类,这与几个鸡品种的来源、分化、选育历史及地理分布是一致的。     

杜洛克、长白和大约克夏纯种猪微卫星多态性分析

利用8个微卫星标记对杜洛克、长白、大约克夏、长大、杜长大5个种群的等位基因的频率、基因杂合度、平均杂合度、多态信息含量,F-统计量、迁移率以及3个纯种之间的遗传距离进行分析.研究结果表明:各群体的平均基因杂合度存在一定差异,杜长大猪群的平均杂合度高于长大猪群,高于3个纯种群的平均杂合度;3个纯种猪群中,杜洛克平均基因杂合度最低,为0.648 8,大约克夏平均基因杂合度最高,为0.723 3;平均多态信息含量也出现了相同的结果.聚类结果显示:长白、大约克夏间的距离最大,长白、杜洛克间的距离最小,表明长白与大约克夏交配后与杜洛克杂交产生的杂种优势最大,这与实际的杂交组合一致, 遗传距离可以预测杂种优势.Fst衡量等位基因频率群体间方差,显示群体总变异的约有3.9%～11.4%来自种群间,而剩余的88.6%～96.1%则来自种群内, Fst可以作为选育程度的一个指标.     

利用水稻F2分离群体进行苗期耐冷性数量性状基因定位

利用典型粳稻品种北海289和典型籼稻品种Dular杂交的118个F2分离群体为材料，构建了一张包含79个微卫星标记的水稻分子连锁图谱，以低温下幼苗生长高度、叶绿素含量、致死温度处理后的枯萎和死苗为耐冷性指标，进行了苗期耐冷性数量性状位点(QTLs)分析．以低温下幼苗高度为指标，定位了3个分别位于染色体1，3和9上的3个QTLs；而在染色体2，8，9和11上分别检测到与低温下叶绿素含量有关的4个QTLs；用枯萎和死苗定位的4个QTLs则分别位于染色体5，9和12(两个)上，这些QTLs控制的表型变异最小的仪为3．82％，最大的达34．66％，位于染色体9上的RM160位点是一个同时具有抵御低温下幼苗生长迟钝、缺绿、枯萎和死苗的多效基因位点。