利用SSR技术对黄瓜新品种津优35号进行种子纯度鉴定

利用天津科润公司建立并优化了的黄瓜种子纯度鉴定技术体系,筛选黄瓜新品种津优35号特异分子标记。试验选用80多对SSR引物中,有2对引物(85号和212号)在杂交种和亲本间表现多态性,杂交种条带为父母本的互补型,且特异性强,适合做杂交种纯度鉴定。用这2对引物对津优35号50粒种子进行了SSR鉴定。结果表明:这2对引物鉴定结果相同,且与田间鉴定结果吻合率高达96%以上,表明所筛选到的2个SSR标记可以作为津优35的特异分子标记用于其种子纯度的鉴定。     

快速大量提取甜菜DNA的新方法

以甜菜幼嫩叶片为材料,通过冷冻真空干燥将材料变成干粉,利用CTAB法对DNA提取程序进行了研究,建立了一种简单、快速的甜菜DNA提取程序,既节省时间,又可获得高质量的DNA,可以满足SSR及SRAP扩增的需要。     

微卫星标记在RR-B系剑尾鱼遗传监测中的应用

采用49对微卫星引物对RR-B系剑尾鱼和红眼红体的非选育系剑尾鱼进行PCR扩增，有46个微卫星座位能获得稳定的扩增产物，7个微卫星座位能区分RR-B系与非选育群体剑尾鱼。7个微卫星座位在选育系剑尾鱼为单态纯合，而在非选育群体具有多态性，座位Msa014鉴定RRB系剑尾鱼排除概率最高，为98.75%，座位Msd003排除概率最低达到了87.50%，其余5个座位排除概率介于两者之间。为方便今后的遗传监测，对RR-B系剑尾鱼样品的7个微卫星座位进行了测序，确定了其大小和具体的微卫星结构。本实验建立了RR-B系剑尾鱼分子检测方法，为实验动物剑尾鱼的遗传监测奠定了基础。图4表3参23     

陆地棉SSR分子标记优化体系的建立

针对陆地棉富含酚类、多糖等次生产物的特点,建立了一种简便、快速的提取高纯度DNA的方法.同时建立了适合陆地棉SSR标记的优化体系和试验方案,并对所构建的QTL定位群体进行了SSRPCR检测,得到了清晰的多态性SSR标记,为SSR分子标记技术在棉花育种中的应用打下了基础.     

Genetic diversity of apricot revealed by a set of SSR markers from linkage group G1

Eight polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers located in the G1 linkage group of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) were previously developed and evaluated in a small set of cultivars. Those primers were used for studying variability in 77 apricot cultivars belonging to five different geographical groups, such as Chinese, Asian (Irano-Caucasian and Central Asian), North American, Mediterranean and Western European as well as Middle European cultivars. Six of the markers were polymorphic and revealed a total of 71 alleles ranging from 5 (aprigms11) to 20 (aprigms1) alleles per locus with a mean value of 11.83 alleles per locus. In conclusion, the SSR loci located in the G1 linkage group show a level of polymorphism which is similar to loci dispersed throughout the entire genome. The total number of alleles and the number of unique alleles were the highest in Chinese apricots and the lowest in Middle European cultivars. Heterozygosity also showed a decrease from Asia and China to Middle Europe. No association could have been observed between any SSR markers tested and plum pox virus (PPV) resistant phenotype of cultivars. PPV resistant cultivars did not form a separate clade on the dendrogram obtained by UPGMA cluster analysis. Middle European and Chinese cultivars formed separate clusters while other genotypes formed smaller multiple sub-groups or scattered among different clusters. Our results support previous hypotheses on the origin of PPV resistance in North American apricots. The allele data was also presented in a form that allowed the easy observation of allele frequencies in each geographical group at each locus. Using this data field, differences and similarities between cultivar groups can be easily assessed. The analysis demonstrated the links between the North American and Mediterranean apricot germplasm and confirmed that the Chinese and Eastern European cultivars are distantly related.     

雷州山羊和隆林山羊遗传多样性的微卫星分析

为了调查中国热带、亚热带主要山羊品种的遗传资源现状,应用14对微卫星引物,检测了隆林山羊和雷州山羊不同分布地区的群体遗传多样性水平。隆林山羊(柳州)、隆林山羊(百棚)、雷州山羊(徐闻)、雷州山羊(海南)各群体平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.645、0.600、0.483、0.518;平均杂合度(H)分别为0.281、0.421、0.121、0.157;平均等位基因数(k)分别为5.17、4.93、4.64、4.5,3组数据综合说明两个山羊品种遗传多样性相对匮乏,群体遗传变异较低;NJ法聚类显示,隆林山羊两个群体聚为一类,再与雷州山羊(徐闻)聚在一起,最后为雷州山羊(海南),这与两个品种的来源及地理分布基本一致。研究结果为中国热带、亚热带山羊品种资源开发利用提供了基础资料和科学数据。     

马铃薯品种遗传多样性分析

为解析一套(559份)从世界各国收集的马铃薯种质资源的遗传多样性,用16个表型性状和36个SSR标记进行了聚类和多样性参数分析。对454份表型数据完整材料的UPGMA聚类分析表明,在欧氏距离14.66处被聚成2个类群(A_1和A),其中A_1在欧氏距离12.74处被分为A_(11)和A_(12)亚群;454份材料在欧氏距离11.73处被划成9个类群,包括4个小类(A、B、C和H)和5个大类(D、E、F、G和I),其中类群I所包括的材料占总数的57.5%,该结果较好地揭示了马铃薯种质材料之间的形态差异,区分生态类型不同和遗传差异明显的亲本。36个SSR标记在559份材料中共检测出134个多态性位点,每对引物检测1~7个等位变异,平均3.72个,引物多态性信息量(PIC)为0.1545~0.7743,平均为0.5783,说明品种间有丰富的遗传多样性。NJ系统进化树分析表明,559份材料可分为3个大群。类群I为一个混合群,各地区品种均有分布,包括133份马铃薯材料,占总数的23.8%;类群II中欧洲、北美及中国东北和西北地区的材料所占比重较大,数量为187,占33.5%;类群III中北美、南美以及中国东北和西南地区马铃薯材料所占比重较大,包含239份材料,占42.8%。表型性状聚类与SSR分子标记聚类结果相似,均与地理位置有很大相关性,应结合共同用于评价马铃薯品种遗传多样性。     

牙鲆5个养殖群体的遗传多样性分析

利用16对微卫星分子标记对牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）的5个养殖群体进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明，等位基因数为2-9个，平均等位基因数为6．0625；有效等位基因数1．2596-5．5161，平均有效等位基因数3．692；各位点的杂合度观测值（Ho）0．2200-0．8000；杂合度期望值（He）0．2061-0．8187。各群体之间无偏倚杂合度期望值从小到大依次为丹东、北戴河、威海、青岛、荣成。Kruskal-Wallis检验结果（H=0．672，df=4，P=0．955）则说明，5个群体遗传多样性差异不显著。群体间基因分化系数（Gs，）为0．0991，各群体之间存在中度遗传分化。采用UPGMA法对5个群体进行聚类，可分3类：丹东和北戴河各为一类，威海、荣成、青岛为一类，其中威海与荣成群体的分化最小。结合Hardy-Weinberg平衡，拟合度检验和遗传偏离指数（动的分析结果表明，各群体的遗传平衡状况存在很大差别。遗传变异的分析结果说明5群体遗传多样性比较丰富。     

Genetic structure of the migratory catfish Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) suggests homing behaviour

Abstract –  Pseudoplatystoma corruscans is distributed widely in the La Plata Basin in Brazil, where it is a very important species because of its high commercial value and ecological role as a voracious predator. This species undertakes long migrations during the dry and rainy seasons to feed and reproduce, respectively. In this study, we analysed seven microsatellite loci to test the hypotheses of the existence of a single panmictic population of P. corruscans in the La Plata Basin. All microsatellites analysed were highly polymorphic with the number of alleles per locus ranging from seven (Pcor28) to 30 (Pcor10). Across all samples, 107 alleles were detected. Thirty alleles were private, i.e., found in only one sample. Highly significant genetic differentiation was observed among samples in three of the four analyses performed: F _ST (from 0.03435 to 0.16349, P  < 0.05), Analysis of molecular variance (amova) F _ST = 8.25% ( P  < 0.0001) and amova R _ST = 9.72% ( P  < 0.0001). A microsatellite multilocus Bayesian assignment test with the programme structure confirmed the division of the fishes into six groups largely concurrent with main branches on a population neighbour-joining tree. The obtained results rejected the panmixia hypothesis. On the other hand, the documented long-distance movements of P. corruscans and the geographical scale of genetic differentiation found in this study indicate a strong tendency for fish of this species to utilise their natal nursery regions for reproduction, which represents the first demonstrated example of homing in a freshwater catfish in South America.     

适于SSR分析的树莓基因组DNA的快速提取

通过改良CTAB法对不同品种的树莓幼嫩叶片进行DNA提取,并对得到的DNA进行了电泳检测、含量测定和SSR分析.结果表明:该方法所提DNA的纯度和产率都较高,OD260/OD280比值均介于1.7～1.9之间,OD260/OD230比值介于2.0～2.5之间,无降解现象,RNA去除干净,产率均在50～130μg/mL之间.经SSR-PCR分析条带清晰,多态性好,说明此方法提取的树莓基因组DNA完全适于SSR分析.