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21.
The influence of sampling scheme and interpolation method on the power to detect spatial effects of forest birds in Ontario (Canada) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Spatial ecology is becoming an increasingly important component of resource management, and the general monitoring of how
human activities affect the distribution and abundance of wildlife. Yet most work on the reliability of sampling strategies
is based on a non-spatial analysis of variance paradigm, and little work has been done assessing the power of alternative
spatial methods for creating reliable maps of animal abundance. Such a map forms a critical response variable for multiple
scale studies relating landscape structure to biotic function. The power to reconstruct patterns of distribution and abundance
is influenced by sample placement strategy and density, the nature of spatial auto-correlation among points, and by the technique
used to extrapolate points into an animal abundance map. Faced with uncertainty concerning the influence of these factors,
we chose to first synthesize a model reference system of known properties and then evaluate the relative performance of alternative
sampling and mapping procedures using it. We used published habitat associations of tree nesting boreal neo-tropical birds,
a classified habitat map from the Manitou Lakes area of northwestern Ontario, and point count means and variances determined
from field studies in boreal Canada to create 4 simulated models of avian abundance to function as reference maps. Four point
sampling strategies were evaluated by 4 spatial mapping methods. We found mixed-cluster sampling to be an effective point
sampling strategy, particularly when high habitat fragmentation was avoided by restricting samples to habitat patches >10
ha in size. We also found that of the 4 mapping methods, only stratified ordinary point kriging (OPK) was able to generate
maps that reproduced an embedded landscape-scale spatial effect that reduced nesting bird abundance in areas of higher forest
age-class fragmentation. Global OPK was effective only for detecting broader, regional-scale differences.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
22.
The historical range of variability (HRV) has been suggested as a coarse filter approach to maintain ecosystem sustainability
and resiliency. The historical range of variability in forest age structure for the central eastern Cascade Range in Washington
State, USA was developed from historical fire return intervals and the manner in which fire acted as both cyclic and stochastic
processes. The proportions of seven forest structural stages calculated through these processes were applied to the area of
each forest series within the central eastern Cascades landscape. Early successional forest stages were more common in high
elevation forest than low elevation forest. The historical proportion of old growth and late successional forest varied from
38 to 63 percent of the forested landscape. These process-based estimates are consistent with those developed from forest
structural information. HRV is a valuable planning tool for ecosystem conservation purposes, but must be applied to real landscapes
with consideration of both temporal and spatial scale.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
23.
陕甘宁老区建立生态特区的必要性分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文从历史与现状方面分析了陕甘宁老区加强生态环境建设的必要性。阐述了陕甘宁老区历史上范围的变化及其对中国革命和经济建设的贡献。从多方面分析了它的自然条件 ,揭示了其自然环境的脆弱性。说明了该区经济建设取得的成就和存在的问题 ,揭示了其贫困落后的社会经济状况。提出了在该区建立生态特区以促进其生态环境建设的观点。 相似文献
24.
我国自然保护区旅游产业生态模式 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
王文瑞 《干旱区资源与环境》2003,17(5):109-112
我国在自然保护区内开展旅游业十分普遍 ,造成的问题也十分严重 ,因此旅游产业生态化建设在自然保护区内势在必行 ,有利于保护和发展二者齐头并进。该文对自然保护内开展旅游业所造成对环境的潜在威胁作了分析 ,提出自然保护区内实现旅游产业生态化的主要措施 ,以及实现产业生态化的方法 ,最后提出相应的保证措施。 相似文献
25.
基于不同尺度的干旱区城市景观生态研究--以陕西榆林市为例 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
从区域与城市两个尺度水平 ,对毛乌素沙漠南缘的榆林市城市景观进行研究认为 :在大尺度水平上 ,区域景观生态特征对城市景观特征具有一定的控制作用 ,而城市景观强大的功能流对区域景观产生干扰作用。城市景观的空间扩展与演化 ,既受区域景观特征的影响 ,也是区域景观演化的一个有机构成部分 ;在小尺度空间上 ,景观功能区、景观斑块与廊道的格局与功能 ,对城市景观格局动态以及维持城市景观多样的生态功能具有重要意义。在不同的利益追求下形成的景观文化 ,将深刻地影响到区域与城市景观演化的方向与过程。 相似文献
26.
乡村生态学研究的尺度与等级特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
乡村生态学 ( Village ecology)的尺度和等级特征依赖一定空间区域 ,不同尺度所研究村落的特征也不尽相同 ,空间尺度的大小很大程度上决定于所研究村落的复杂性、稳定性及特征。在特定的空间尺度下 ,乡村的组成要素随着时间尺度的变化而变化 ,但变化速率受空间尺度大小的制约。乡村生态学研究具有等级结构 ,空间尺度决定所研究单元的等级位置。行政村 (中心村 )和自然村 (自然屯 )是乡村生态学研究的基本尺度 相似文献
27.
Key issues and research priorities in landscape ecology: An idiosyncratic synthesis 总被引:46,自引:41,他引:46
Landscape ecology has made tremendous progress in recent decades, but as a rapidly developing discipline it is faced with
new problems and challenges. To identify the key issues and research priorities in landscape ecology, a special session entitled
“Top 10 List for Landscape Ecology in the 21st Century” was organized at the 16th Annual Symposium of the US Regional Association
of International Association of Landscape Ecology, held at Arizona State University (Tempe, Arizona, USA) during April 25–29,
2001. A group of leading landscape ecologists were invited to present their views. This paper is intended to be a synthesis,
but not necessarily a consensus, of the special session. We have organized the diverse and wide-ranging perspectives into
six general key issues and 10 priority research topics. The key issues are: (1) interdisciplinarity or transdisciplinarity,
(2) integration between basic research and applications,(3) Conceptual and theoretical development, (4) education and training,
(5)international scholarly communication and collaborations, and (6) outreach and communication with the public and decision
makers. The top 10 research topics are: (1) ecological flows in landscape mosaics, (2) causes, processes, and consequences
of land use and land cover change, (3) nonlinear dynamics and landscape complexity, (4) scaling, (5) methodological development,
(6) relating landscape metrics to ecological processes, (7) integrating humans and their activities into landscape ecology,
(8) optimization of landscape pattern, (9)landscape sustainability, and (10) data acquisition and accuracy assessment. We
emphasize that, although this synthesis was based on the presentations at the“Top 10 List” session, it is not a document that
has been agreed upon by each and every participant. Rather, we believe that it is reflective of the broad-scale vision of
the collective as to where landscape ecology is now and where it may be going in future.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
28.
29.
荒漠化发生发展的过程实际上是指在自然和人为因素的作用下,生态系统结构遭受破坏、功能过程受阻和演变发生异化的过程,其防治的根本措施是恢复和重建健康的生态系统。所以,景观生态学理念在荒漠化的研究和防治中有着重要的意义。本文从荒漠化与生态系统结构、功能变化、荒漠化与生物多样性、荒漠化生态系统的物质循环和能量流动以及荒漠化生态系统的稳定性等方面论述了景观生态学理念在荒漠化研究中应用的可行性,并重点分析了景观生态学关于景观格局变化的评价指标与荒漠化土地动态变化之间的关系。 相似文献
30.
Traffic has a considerable effect on population and community dynamics through the disruption and fragmentation of habitat
and traffic mortality. This paper deals with a systematic way to acquire knowledge about the probabilities of successful road
crossing by mammals and what characteristics affect this traversability. We derive a model from traffic flow theory to estimate
traffic mortality in mammals related to relevant road, traffic and species characteristics. The probability of successful
road crossing is determined by the pavement width of the road, traffic volume, traversing speed of the mammals and their body
length. We include the traversability model in a simple two-patch population model to explore the effects of these road, traffic
and species characteristics on population dynamics. Analysis of the models show that, for our parameter ranges, traffic volume
and traversing speed have the largest effect on traffic mortality. The population size is especially negatively affected when
roads have to be crossed during the daily movements. These predictions could be useful to determine the expected effectiveness
of mitigating measures relative to the current situation. Mitigating measures might alter the road and traffic characteristics.
The effects of these changes on traffic mortality and population dynamics could be analysed by calculating the number of traffic
victims before and after the mitigating measures.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献