Genome-wide Association Study on Alive Litter Size Trait in Bama Xiang Pigs

In order to identify the molecular markers related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs,the genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to map and screen the candidate genes affecting the alive litter size trait.Ear tissue samples of 297 Bama Xiang pigs with multiple parity records were collected,and DNA was extracted and genotyped by porcine 50K SNP beadchip.After quality control and genotype imputation,the alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs were GWAS by Tassel.The results showed that the average number born alive per litter of Bama Xiang pigs increased gradually with the increasing of parity in the range of 1-9 parities.A total of 32 816 SNPs were obtained after quality control and filtration.8 SNPs related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs were screened by genome-wide association analysis,which were significant at genome or chromosome level.Based on the enrichment analysis of the coding genes in the region between 500 kb upstream and downstream of the associated significant SNP loci,and the QTL regions and gene functions related to porcine reproductive traits,4 genes (CAPZB,MSH3,CITED2 and HSD17B7) were finally identified to be candidate genes related to alive litter size of Bama Xiang pigs.     

Research Progress of Canine Coronavirus and Feline Coronavirus

Canine coronavirus (CCoV) and feline coronavirus (FCoV) belong to α-genus coronavirus of coronavirus family,porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV),porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) also belong to the same genus.Genetic evolution analysis showed that different genotype of the virus could produce new variant strains through gene recombination,which caused great obstacles to the diagnosis and control of the disease.β-genus coronaviruses include bovine coronavirus (BCoV),canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV).Among them,CRCoV has the highest homology with BCoV,but there are great differences in genomic structure,pathogenic mechanism and infection symptoms between this kind of coronavirus and α-coronavirus.CCoV and FCoV are widely spreading around the world,characterized by high morbidity and low mortality.Due to the characteristics of RNA virus and the influence of environmental selection pressure,the viruses continue to mutate and evolve,and new virulent strains appear one after another.The virulence of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is greatly enhanced,some specific point mutations in the virus genome change the cellular tropism against the host.The pathogenesis of the virus mainly depends on the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) induced by virus infection.The epidemiological investigation and prevention and control of CCoV and FCoV should not only rely on the single factor of vaccine immunity,but also comprehensively consider the virulence of the virus,environmental conditions,pet self-immune resistance, and so on.The identification of CCoV and FCoV should be based on clinical symptoms,combined with routine hematological examination,serum biochemical examination and laboratory diagnosis techniques to prevent false positive and false negative results.     

The Role of Vitamins and Feed Enzymes in Combating Metabolic Challenges and Disorders

The potential exists for vitamins and feed enzymes to counteract some metabolic disorders and challenges in poultry. Recent research indicates that increased levels of vitamins E and C are able to reduce ascites-related mortality in broiler chickens. Fatty liver and kidney syndrome is a nutritionally induced metabolic disorder that has been eliminated under practical production conditions due to regular supplementation of poultry diets with biotin. There is also experimental evidence for beneficial effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on the incidence and severity of skeletal and performance anomalies in broilers. Another challenge is the presence of high levels of indigestible and partly soluble nonstarch polysaccharides in many cereals and other plant feed ingredients, resulting in various antinutritive effects. The use of feed enzymes, in particular endo-1,3-1,4-β-glucanase and endo-1,4-β-xylanase, to counteract these adverse effects is well implemented by the feed industry. A typical example of metabolic challenge is the reduced availability of phytate P in plant feed ingredients and the potential for phytate to act as an antinutritional component. Microbial phytase provides a practical solution for improving P availability in plant ingredients. In addition, recent studies suggest phytate can stimulate endogenous losses, and phytase can help prevent those losses.     

家蚕EST数据库的应用现状及展望

家蚕是重要的经济昆虫,也是鳞翅目昆虫的主要模式生物。表达序列标签(EST)在家蚕研究中的应用越来越受到关注。本文主要介绍了EST数据库的建立及其在家蚕研究中的应用现状,展望了EST在家蚕中的研究趋势。     

几种动物病原菌对替米考星耐药性的体外诱导

在测定替米考星对鸡毒支原体、多杀巴氏杆菌和猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的最小抑菌浓度基础上,采用药物浓度递增法体外诱导3种病原菌对替米考星的耐药性。结果鸡毒支原体经9次传代对替米考星产生了高水平耐药,多杀巴氏杆菌经7~9次传代对替米考星产生了高水平耐药,猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌经14次传代对替米考星的耐受浓度未发生明显变化;鸡毒支原体和多杀巴氏杆菌替米考星诱导耐药株对红霉素、阿奇霉素、泰乐菌素、吉他霉素和林可霉素表现交叉耐药。研究结果提示,替米考星较易诱导鸡毒支原体和多杀巴氏杆菌产生耐药性,兽医临床应合理应用。     

马传染性贫血病毒驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株囊膜基因的优化及其DNA疫苗体外瞬时表达研究

马传染性贫血病毒(Equine infectious anemia virus,EIAV)的密码子使用频率与哺乳动物间存在着明显差异。为此,对马传染性贫血病毒驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株(DLA-EIAV)囊膜全长基因按照哺乳动物优势密码子的使用原则进行了重新设计和合成,并以此为基础通过重叠延伸PCR、限制酶切等方法得到结合型和分泌型囊膜基因,将其插入含有鸡beta-actin/兔beta-globin复合启动子(AG)的高效表达载体pCAGGS中,构建了EIAV驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株结合型和分泌型囊膜基因的DNA疫苗质粒pCAGGS-opti-bou-env、pCAGGS- opti-sec-env。将构建的质粒纯化后分别转染293T细胞,以间接免疫荧光和Western blot方法检测转染48 h后细胞及上清中囊膜蛋白的表达。结果显示,两种表达质粒均可正确表达EIAV囊膜蛋白,与相对应未优化的表达载体pCAGGS-wt-bou-env和pCAGGS-wt-sec—env相比,密码子优化的基因体外瞬时表达水平有极为显著的提高,而且蛋白表达部位也与预期的结果符合。这一结果为EIAV囊膜蛋白的单抗制备、表位鉴定、免疫试验、新疫苗的开发等奠定了基础。     

应用单克隆抗体的免疫组织化学法研究雏鸭体内鸭瘟病毒的分布

本实验应用了免疫组织化学的单克隆抗体间接酶标染色法，对人工感染鸭瘟病毒雏鸭的组织切片进行染色观察。旨在研究病毒在鸭体内分布，对其进行定位。研究结果显示，鸭的心脏、肝脏、脾、胸腺、肠、法氏囊、胰、肺、肾等组织的细胞浆内均出现了染色的特异阳性反应物。结果表明，鸭瘟病毒广泛分布于感染雏鸭的各种组织器官，并造成一定的组织病理变化。     

禽流感病毒分子生物学的研究进展

禽流行性感冒(av ian in fluenza,A I,简称禽流感)是由A型禽流感病毒(av ian in fluenza v irus,A IV)引起的禽类烈性传染病。作为被世界动物卫生组织(O IE)定为A类的传染病,A I不仅给世界养禽业造成了巨大的经济损失,而且对人类健康和生命安全构成了严重威胁。因此,A I已经成为人们关注的焦点,国内外学者也对其进行了大量研究。作者从病原基因组及其编码的蛋白质、致病力、变异性以及对人类感染A IV的分子机制等角度就A IV的分子生物学研究作一综述,为防制A I提供理论基础,并在此基础上探讨了人类禽流感的防治措施,加深人们对A I的认识。     

上海PMWS并发PRRS自然病例的病理组织学观察

对上海5例5～13周龄断奶仔猪多器官衰竭综合征（PMWS）并发猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）自然病例进行了病理组织学观察。结果：5例病猪均出现坏死性淋巴结炎、间质性肺炎以及不同程度的坏死性脾炎、间质性肾炎和肝炎。2例病猪出现心肌炎，表现为心肌纤维断裂、溶解和心肌间质中淋巴细胞局灶性浸润。2例病猪出现脑炎，在大脑白质区出现神经胶质细胞结节。     

鸡白细胞介素-6活性MTT检测方法的建立

采用白细胞介素-6依赖细胞株B9建立了鸡白细胞介素-6活性的MTT检测方法。每孔培养细胞数在2.5×103~4×104范围内D值与细胞数显示有良好的线性关系,MTT的最佳保留时间为4 h,最低检测限为0.1 U/mL。应用该方法检测了健康艾维茵肉鸡25例,血清chIL-6活性为(4.33±0.75)U/mL,而25例葡萄球菌病患鸡血清chIL-6的活性为(14.05±6.87)U/mL,与健康肉鸡比较差异极显著(P<0.01),为该方法进一步临床应用奠定了基础。