黑茶发酵优势菌对茶多酚的生物转化研究

利用从茯砖茶中分离出的冠突散囊菌和从普洱茶中分离出的黑曲霉、根霉分别接种于以茶多酚作为唯一碳源的培养基中,进行单一菌株发酵,对发酵过程茶多酚类化合物的变化规律进行分析.结果表明,发酵期内,随着发酵时间延长,各发酵液的茶多酚总量显著降低,冠突散囊菌、黑曲霉、根霉发酵液中多酚分别降低38.9％、85.5％和92.1％;黄酮类总量在黑曲霉、根霉的作用下先下降后上升,冠突散囊菌则波动上升;各处理儿茶素总量均显著下降,其中酯型儿茶素含量直线下降,非酯型儿茶素和没食子酸的含量均先增加后减少.在黑曲霉、根霉作用下,茶黄素、茶红素含量显著减少,茶褐素含量增加.冠突散囊菌发酵液中茶黄素含量减少,茶红素含量增加,茶褐素含量基本不变.基于不同优势菌对茶多酚的转化在质和量上均有差异,有必要对其转化产物进行深入研究.     

陈香茶菌群在饲料发酵中生长代谢研究

利用陈香菌天然复合菌群固态发酵饲料,研究发酵过程中微生物数量与质量指标的变化情况.结果表明:(1)发酵2d,霉菌未检出;酵母菌增加到2.7×106,后期出现下降;乳酸菌在厌氧环境中增长速度较快,达106数量级;芽孢菌数量前期增加较快,后期保持稳定;(2)可溶性糖含量在6d饲料发酵过程中达1.3％,提高8倍;总酸含量从2.13 mg/g增加到23 mg/g左右,增幅10.08倍.酸溶性蛋白、氨基酸态氮在发酵前3d,增加较快,分别增加8.38倍和10.2倍;VBN从发酵前12.18 mg/100g增加到20.61 mg/100g,随后开始下降至7.63 mg/100g.     

解磷微生物在养殖池塘中应用的可行性探讨

介绍了池塘养殖系统中磷的收支情况及解磷微生物的数量,并对自然环境中解磷微生物的数量及其分 布、适应范围和解磷效果进行了综述,由此探讨了解磷微生物在养殖池塘中应用的可行性。针对目前的养殖实际,结 合解磷微生物在水产养殖环境中应用的初步研究成果,对其发展方向做出了展望。外源施加高效解磷微生物,可促 进养殖池塘的磷循环,提高磷的利用率,解磷微生物在养殖池塘中应用具备可行性。     

福州鼓山茶园生态系统服务功能价值评估

选取3、8、25 a常规茶园和30 a有机茶园为研究对象,结合相关统计调查数据和试验地样品实测数据,从物质生产功能、固碳释氧功能、营养物质贮存功能、涵养水源功能、水土保持功能5项指标对福州鼓山茶园生态系统服务功能价值进行评估。结果表明,4种茶园单位面积生态系统服务功能价值表现为:30 a有机茶园(112551.49元·hm-2·a-1)>25 a常规茶园(85670.05元·hm-2·a-1)>8 a常规茶园(75431.86元·hm-2·a-1)>3 a常规茶园(74050.83元·hm-2·a-1),其中生态系统服务功能间接经济价值表现为:25 a常规茶园(17199.74元·hm-2·a-1)>30 a有机茶园(9846.02元·hm-2·a-1)>8 a常规茶园(6961.55元·hm-2·a-1)>3 a常规茶园(5580.52元·hm-2·a-1),且茶园生态系统服务功能价值随植茶年龄增加而增大,有机栽培有利于提高茶园生态系统服务功能价值。     

四环素类抗生素在土壤和堆肥中的吸附和降解

Two agricultural soils were collected from Dahu and Pinchen counties and swine manure compost (SMC) from Ping-tung County in Taiwan, China to investigate the sorption and dissipation of three tetracyclines (TCs), i.e., oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC), in compost, soils and soil/compost mixtures with different organic carbon (OC) contents. There were seven treatments in total. TCs were most strongly adsorbed to SMC in all treatments due to the high OC content. When SMC was present in the soils, the sorption of TCs was significantly enhanced, which might be attributed to the increased OC content and CEC. The adsorption of TCs showed non-linear adsorption isotherms and fitted well to the Freundlich model. After 49 d of incubation at 25 ℃ in soils and soil/compost mixtures in the dark, TCs elapsed in all substrates, with the time required for 50% degradation (DT₅₀) between 20 and 41 d, and the time for 90% degradation (DT₉₀) between 68 and 137 d. Soil amended with compost enhanced the stability of TCs and reduced their mobility. The dissipation of TCs in a soil environment was slow, indicating that these compounds might be persistent in soil.     

普洱茶发酵阶段色泽的变化及其与品质的关系

为阐明普洱茶不同发酵阶段色泽变化及其与普洱茶品质的关系,研究了恒温恒湿与恒温非恒湿条件下,接种外源优势菌（酿酒酵母）与未接种外源优势菌的云南普洱茶在不同发酵阶段的感官品质、汤色的定量分析及茶色素含量的变化。结果表明：明度指数L及明度指数差ΔL与感官指标汤色的评分呈正相关;色品指数a、b及色差值Δa、Δb与汤色感官评分、滋味评分和品质总评分均呈正相关;不同发酵阶段样的ΔL、Δb的值逐渐减小,而Δa的值逐渐增大,这与其茶红素和茶黄素的值逐渐减小和茶褐素的值不断增大是一致的。普洱茶发酵阶段色泽的量化分析可作为普洱茶品质评价的重要指标,在自动化恒温恒湿条件下发酵普洱茶,有利于实现普洱茶清洁化加工和提高普洱茶品质的稳定性。     

福建甜味绞股蓝茶的保健成分及其市场现状和展望

福建甜味绞股蓝茶是由日本引进种201甜味绞股蓝,经过种植,采用制茶工艺制成的保健茶,其神奇的保健功效使绞股蓝保健茶成为近年来福建省畅销的地产名货,市场前景广阔。本文就其市场现状及对策进行了探讨。     

石阡苔茶资源调查及保护对策

简要介绍了石阡苔茶所处自然生态环境,石阡县产茶历史,石阡苔茶资源地位,生物学特性及资源分布情况;根据本地的特殊情况,切实从法律制度、地方政策、科普教育、科研方法等方面提出一些保护石阡苔茶资源的对策。     

Effects of Soil Characters on the Tea Quality in the Tea Region of Qin-Ba Mountain,Hubei Province,PR China

Based on the analysis of physical and chemical properties of soil,nutrient elements and biochemical compositions of tea leaves,the relationship between soil characters and tea quality was studied.The results showed that soil total phosphorus,potassium,available potassium,copper and zinc were the main factors which affected and limited the content of nutrient elements of tea leaves.Furthermore,soil pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,potassium,exchangeable calcium,magnesium,available copper and zinc were the main factors affecting and limiting the content of biochemical compositions in tea leaves.Tea quality could be improved by controlling these soil factors.     

PCA和PLS-DA用于晒青毛茶级别分类研究

利用主成分分析法(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)和偏最小二乘法判别分析(Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis,PLS-DA)对晒青毛茶进行级别分类,并通过统计分析找出重要理化成分。结果表明:PCA和PLS-DA均可以直观地对晒青毛茶级别进行分类,其中能够稳定地分类出3级毛茶,而难以将6级和9级毛茶明显地分类。通过PCA载荷图(Loadings plot)和PLS-DA变量重要性因子(Variable important for the projection,VIP)分布图可得出氨基酸含量为级别分类的重要理化成分,其中赖氨酸(Lys)、脯氨酸(Pro)和苯丙氨酸(Phe)是对级别分类最重要的3种氨基酸组分。