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排序方式: 共有475条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
EYMERIC GOMES CHRISTOPHE DEGUEURCE YANNICK RUEL RUTH DENNIS DOMINIQUE BEGON 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(4):398-403
Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain of four normal cats were reviewed retrospectively to assess the emergence and course of the cranial nerves (CNs). Two-millimeter-thick images were obtained in transverse, sagittal, and dorsal planes using a 1.5 T unit. CN skull foramina, as anatomic landmarks for MR imaging, were identified by computed tomography performed on an isolated cat skull using thin wire within each skull foramen. Thin slice (1 mm slice thickness) images were obtained with a high-resolution bone filter scan protocol. The origins of CNs II, V, VII, and VIII and the group of IX, X, XI, and XII could be identified. The pathway and proximal divisions of CNs V were described. CNs III, IV, and VI were not distinguished from each other but could be seen together in the orbital fissure. CN V was characterized by slight contrast enhancement. 相似文献
72.
Erkut Turan Yelda Ozsunar Ismail Gokce Yildirim 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2009,10(1):77-80
The aim of this study was to determine the course of the median nerve and its adjacent structures in the carpal canals of 8 healthy dogs by using high-frequency transducers. Before performing ultrasonography, the transverse and posteroanterior diameters as well as the perimeter of the carpus were measured at just proximal to the side of the carpal pad. The anatomical structures were then determined at two levels of the carpal canal, which were named the proximal and distal levels, on the transverse sonograms. The cross-sectional areas, perimeters and the transverse and posteroanterior diameters of the median nerve were measured at these levels. Although all the measurements were larger at the proximal level, significant differences between the proximal and distal levels were determined for the cross-sectional area, the perimeter and the transverse diameter of the median nerve. On the transverse sonogram, the deep digital flexor tendon was seen in almost the center of the carpal canal like a comma shape and also it had a small concavity on the caudal side. The superficial digital flexor tendon was seen as an ovoid shape on the transverse sonograms and it was located nearly at the posterior side of the carpal canal. Both tendons were seen as intermediate-grade echogenic structures. The median artery was located inside of the concavity of the deep digital flexor tendon. Also, the median nerve was seen at the posteromedial side of the median artery. As a result of this study, the cross-sectional areas of the median nerve ranged between 1.01-2.68 mm2 at the proximal level and between 0.93-1.91 mm2 at the distal level. 相似文献
73.
74.
【目的】探究鸡肠Remak神经(intestinal nerve of Remak,INR)的神经元和过路节超微结构,为进一步阐明INR的生理功能提供理论基础。【方法】应用透射电镜技术观察鸡肠INR元与过路节的超微结构。【结果】INR有大量体积巨大的神经元和少量小强荧光细胞分布。神经元胞体周围有零散的卫星细胞围绕,但不能形成完整被囊,可见卫星细胞与神经元胞体之间形成突触样联系。神经元周围基膜不明显,神经元胞体表面常直接与周围细胞间质接触。细胞核圆而表面平滑,染色质松散清亮,核内可见棒状小体的特殊结构。核仁明显,结构和组成典型。胞质内分布着丰富的微管、发达的粗面内质网和高尔基复合体,粗面内质网池常有扩张膨大。可见中央有孔的致密颗粒分布于核周质,可能为肽类递质分泌颗粒。核糖体除了附着于粗面内质网表面外,还有大量游离核糖体分布于胞质中。线粒体形态多样,并有致密化现象。肠INR被膜下分布着少量成群的小强荧光细胞,其胞质和胞核的电子密度较高,细胞之间有不对称的突触联系。根据突触小泡的不同,INR内分布着4种过路节,它们与周围结构形成不同的突触联系。【结论】INR神经元具有旺盛合成和分泌功能的超微结构特征,而过路节的组成和联系显示出INR支配活动的多样化和复杂性。 相似文献
75.
76.
Christine Sievert Henning Richter Dominic Gascho Patrick R. Kircher Inés Carrera 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2017,58(5):598-606
Understanding the normal course and optimizing visualization of the canine peripheral nerves of the lumbar plexus, in particular the sciatic and the femoral nerves, is essential when interpreting images of patients with suspected peripheral neuropathies such as inflammatory or neoplastic conditions. The purpose of this prospective, anatomic study was to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomy of the normal canine femoral and sciatic nerves and to define the sequences in which the nerves are best depicted. A preliminary postmortem cadaver study was performed to determine optimal sequences and imaging protocol. In a second step the optimized technique was implemented on 10 healthy Beagle dogs, included in the study. The applied protocol included the following sequences: T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, T2‐Spectral Attenuated Inversion Recovery, T1‐weighted postcontrast and T1‐Spectral Presaturated Inversion Recovery postcontrast. All sequences had satisfactory signal‐to‐noise ratio and contrast resolution in all patients. The sciatic and femoral nerves were seen in all images. They were symmetric and of homogeneous signal intensity, being iso‐ to mildly hyperintense to muscle on T2‐weighted, mildly hyperintense in T2‐Spectral Attenuated Inversion Recovery, and iso‐ to mildly hypointense in T1‐weighted images. No evidence of contrast enhancement in T1‐weighted and T1‐Spectral Presaturated Inversion Recovery postcontrast sequences was observed. The anatomic landmarks helpful to identify the course of the femoral and sciatic nerves are described in detail. This study may be used as an anatomical reference, depicting the normal canine femoral and sciatic nerves at 3 Tesla MRI. 相似文献
77.
Marina L. Leis M. Elyse Salpeter Bianca S. Bauer Dale L. Godson Bruce H. Grahn 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2017,20(4):365-371
A 15‐year‐old, neutered male, Shih Tzu cross developed progressive corneal stromal thickening and vascularization of the right eye, and 5 months later, of the left eye. Both eyes became blind due to extensive corneal opacification and were enucleated. Light microscopic examination revealed a diffuse corneal infiltrate of neoplastic mesenchymal cells, and immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse cytoplasmic vimentin immunoreactivity and variable cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity for S100 in the neoplastic cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed desmosomes between contiguous cells, thread‐like cytoplasmic processes coated with basement membrane, extracellular bundles of collagen, and axonal degeneration consistent with features of a nerve sheath neoplasm. This is the first report of primary, bilateral corneal nerve sheath sarcoma in a canine. 相似文献
78.
Jonathon M. Congdon Pedro Boscan Clara S.S. Goh Marlis Rezende 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):915-924
Objective
To assess the efficacy of psoas compartment and sacral plexus block for pelvic limb amputation in dogs.Study design
Prospective clinical study.Animals
A total of 16 dogs aged 8 ± 3 years and weighing 35 ± 14 kg (mean ± standard deviation).Methods
Dogs were administered morphine (0.5 mg kg?1) and atropine (0.02 mg kg?1); anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Regional blocks were performed before surgery in eight dogs with bupivacaine (2.2 mg kg?1) and eight dogs were administered an equivalent volume of saline. The lumbar plexus within the psoas compartment was identified using electrolocation lateral to the lumbar vertebrae at the fourth–fifth, fifth–sixth and sixth–seventh vertebral interspaces. The sacral plexus, ventrolateral to the sacrum, was identified using electrolocation. Anesthesia was monitored using heart rate (HR), invasive blood pressure, electrocardiography, expired gases, respiratory frequency and esophageal temperature by an investigator unaware of the group allocation. Pelvic limb amputation by coxofemoral disarticulation was performed. Dogs that responded to surgical stimulation (>10% increase in HR or arterial pressure) were administered fentanyl (2 μg kg?1) intravenously for rescue analgesia. Postoperative pain was assessed at extubation; 30, 60 and 120 minutes; and the morning after surgery using a visual analog scale (VAS).Results
The number of intraoperative fentanyl doses was fewer in the bupivacaine group (2.7 ± 1.1 versus 6.0 ± 2.2; p < 0.01). Differences in physiologic variables were not clinically significant. VAS scores were lower in bupivacaine dogs at extubation (0.8 ± 1.9 versus 3.8 ± 2.5) and at 30 minutes (1.0 ± 1.4 versus 4.3 ± 2.1; p < 0.05).Conclusions and clinical relevance
Psoas compartment (lumbar plexus) and sacral plexus block provided analgesia during pelvic limb amputation in dogs. 相似文献79.
80.
Clinical application of multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of cranial nerves in horses in comparison with high resolution imaging standards 下载免费PDF全文
J. Dixon R. Lam R. Weller G. Manso‐Díaz M. Smith R. J. Piercy 《Equine Veterinary Education》2017,29(7):376-384
Although horses are affected by cranial nerve disease, our understanding of these structures' imaging anatomy is limited, and the optimal modality for imaging of each of these nerves is unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the imaging appearance of the equine cranial nerves on high‐resolution 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans of a cadaver head, and with these as standards, examine the utility of MRI and CT performed in clinical cases. High‐resolution MRI and CT images were prospectively acquired of the head of a normal Thoroughbred gelding following euthanasia. Ten clinical cases undergoing high‐field MRI under general anaesthesia and 10 clinical cases undergoing CT in the standing horse under sedation were retrospectively evaluated by three reviewers to assess cranial nerve visibility. On high‐resolution, thin‐slice, MRI scans of the normal cadaver head, each of the 12 cranial nerves and their topographic location could be appreciated. On high‐resolution cadaver CT, cranial nerves II, V and VII were clearly visible, but others were less easily identified; osseous structures were clearly visualised. Clinical MRI and CT allowed for variable visualisation of the cranial nerves, dependent on the sequence and the orientation of scan planes. High‐field MRI allowed excellent visualisation of equine cranial nerves, whereas CT allowed for more detailed visualisation of the osseous canals and foramina. In live horses, the ability to identify all 12 nerves is challenging with either MRI or CT; however, high‐field MRI enables better visualisation of the nerve bundles than CT. 相似文献