Cellular Antioxidant Effect of Four Bromophenols from the Red Algae,Vertebrata lanosa

Three known bromophenols, 2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzylaldehyde (1), 2,2′,3-tribromo-3′,4,4′,5-tetrahydroxy-6′-hydroxymethyldiphenylmethane (2) and bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxylbenzyl) ether (3), and one new one, 5,5″-oxybis(methylene)bis(3-bromo-4-(2′,3′-dibromo-4′,5′-dihydroxylbenzyl)benzene-1,2-diol) (4), were isolated from an extract of the red alga, Vertebrata lanosa. The antioxidant activity of these four bromophenols was examined using one biochemical and two cellular assays: Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC), Cellular Antioxidant Activity (CAA) and Cellular Lipid Peroxidation Antioxidant Activity (CLPAA) assays. Compound 2 distinguished itself by showing potent activity, having a better antioxidant effect than luteolin in both the CAA and CLPAA assays and of quercetin in the CLPAA assay. Although several bromophenols are known to be potent antioxidants in biochemical assays, this is the first time their cellular antioxidant activity has been demonstrated.     

关于我国农村扶贫政策与低保政策衔接问题的研究综述

对我国农村扶贫政策与低保政策及其衔接问题的相关文献进行梳理与综述,在此基础上提出了自己的观点:要将两项政策真正有效衔接必须要认识到贫困不仅只是一个单纯的经济收入问题,它涉及了社会资本、自然资源、基础设施、健康、教育、社会公正等许多因素,要用社会发展的眼光,以实证研究来发现问题、解决问题;要充分发挥贫困人群的作用,明确他们的所需与所想,如此才能更好的解决两项政策的衔接问题。     

基于行业政策与标准的农产品基础课程建设改革探索

在高职课程建设中,教学内容和课程体系的设计实现与行业政策、标准的紧密衔接一直是高职高专类高校专业关注的重点。农产品基础课程作为物流管理专业特色课程,存在无教材、授课内容随意性比较强、和行业相关度不高、教学难度大等问题。在与行业政策、标准融合的基础上,对课程改革思路、课程改革内容等进行探索,使之更加贴近物流管理专业的行业实际,对培养高技能型农产品物流人才有重要意义。     

基于计量经济模型的中国耕地数量变化政策与资产因素分析(简报)

耕地保护是中国土地管理科学中的难点之一,科学辨识其驱动因子具有重要的现实意义.该文在假设其他影响因子不变的情况F,构建了基于资源-资产-政策理念的土地利用概念模型,采用计量经济面板数据方法,以中国国家尺度及东中西部区域尺度上 1998～2002年耕地变化过程为例证,重点对土地资产-政策因子进行研究.结果表明:1)在国家尺度上,增强上地政策管理力度、降低农用地增值收益倍数(提升失地农民保障水平),增加耕地投入水平有助于耕地保护;化肥施用量的增加将会造成耕地减少;农业总产值比重、种植业生产水平及农户经营耕地面积没有显著的解释效用;2)在区域尺度上,提升耕地保护政策贯彻力度、提高被征地农户补偿水甲、增加耕地投入均有利于耕地保护;东部地区农业总产值比霞的降低、西部地区灌溉面积适量减少对耕地保护起到了积极的作用.综合"资源-资产-政策"三方面因素可以更好地解释耕地保护的行为,并有针对性地改进和加强耕地保护工作.     

漳平水仙茶饼多酚的纯化及其体外活性研究

为了研究大孔树脂对水仙茶饼多酚的纯化效果,试验以水仙茶饼多酚粗提液为原料,比较了9种不同型号大孔树脂对水仙茶饼粗多酚的静态吸附和解吸性能,再以吸附率和解吸率为指标通过静态、动态吸附解吸试验。考察了各因素对LX-28树脂纯化水仙饼茶粗多酚的影响,最后探讨了纯化前后的水仙茶饼多酚的体外抗氧化和抑菌效果。结果表明:最佳纯化树脂LX-28,最佳吸附和解吸条件为1.5 mg/mL的质量浓度的水仙茶饼多酚粗提取液(pH4.0~5.0)以2.0 mL/min的流速上样95 mL,吸附平衡后去离子水冲洗至无色,再用70 mL,65%体积分数乙醇溶液(pH6.0)为洗脱剂,以3.0 mL/min流速洗脱,在此纯化条件下LX-28树脂对水仙茶饼多酚的吸附率和解吸率分别为(93.587±0.379)%和(95.330±1.282)%,树脂可重复使用4次,纯度提高了约3.04倍;对DPPH·和ABTS+·自由基清除率的IC50值分别从纯化前的1.279、3.682 mg/mL降低到0.295、1.525 mg/mL;对供试的大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、米根霉和紫红曲霉均有不同程度的抑制作用,纯化后的水仙茶饼多酚的抑菌效果优于纯化前。     

The challenges of wastewater irrigation in developing countries

The volume of wastewater generated by domestic, industrial and commercial sources has increased with population, urbanization, improved living conditions, and economic development. The productive use of wastewater has also increased, as millions of small-scale farmers in urban and peri-urban areas of developing countries depend on wastewater or wastewater polluted water sources to irrigate high-value edible crops for urban markets, often as they have no alternative sources of irrigation water. Undesirable constituents in wastewater can harm human health and the environment. Hence, wastewater irrigation is an issue of concern to public agencies responsible for maintaining public health and environmental quality. For diverse reasons, many developing countries are still unable to implement comprehensive wastewater treatment programs. Therefore in the near term, risk management and interim solutions are needed to prevent adverse impacts from wastewater irrigation. A combination of source control, and farm-level and post-harvest measures can be used to protect farm workers and consumers. The WHO guidelines revised in 2006 for wastewater use suggest measures beyond the traditional recommendations of producing only industrial or non-edible crops, as in many situations it is impossible to enforce a change in the current cash crop pattern, or provide alternative vegetable supply to urban markets.There are several opportunities for improving wastewater management via improved policies, institutional dialogues and financial mechanisms, which would reduce the risks in agriculture. Effluent standards combined with incentives or enforcement can motivate improvements in water management by household and industrial sectors discharging wastewater from point sources. Segregation of chemical pollutants from urban wastewater facilitates treatment and reduces risk. Strengthening institutional capacity and establishing links between water delivery and sanitation sectors through inter-institutional coordination leads to more efficient management of wastewater and risk reduction.     

基于学习曲线的生物质成型燃料补贴政策研究

通过对中国生物质成型燃料产业的调研与分析,结合该产业的发展轨迹和国家相关的规划目标,构造中国生物质成型燃料的学习曲线,利用该曲线来预测中国固体成型燃料成本的变化趋势。在此基础上,研究如果2020年我国生物质成型燃料利用量要达到5 000万吨的规模,应该如何量化并制定政府的补贴政策。结果表明,若要在2020年实现将生物质成型燃料的商业化并达到5 000万吨的利用量,生物质成型燃料的成本需降低至462元/吨,此时学习系数为0.509,学习率为70.2%。为促使生物质成型燃料的技术进步和产业化发展,需要在2020年以前对该产业进行财政补贴,最大补贴规模为2016年的6亿元,从2012年到2020年的累计补贴为41.24亿元。     

抗战时期陕甘宁边区的农业生产与环境保护

抗日战争时期 ,随着边区成为人民抗日的总后方 ,边区人口净增 40～ 5 0万人。巨大的人口压力和国民党的经济封锁 ,使边区军民内外交困。为了度过困难时期 ,中国共产党采取了一系列措施进行大生产运动 ,农业发展选择了大量的开垦荒地 ,虽然农业生产卓有成效 ,但林草的破坏造成整体环境质量下降 ,局部生态环境破坏严重 ,自然灾害频发。尽管边区政府认识到了环境保护的重要性 ,也进行了大规模的植树造林活动 ,并且兴修水利来改善农业环境 ,但收效甚微。欲使西部的“山川秀美”真正变为现实 ,必须要探明本区生态环境演化的历程 ,并以之为据制定本区经济可持续发展的对策 ,为生态环境的良性循环提供借鉴与指导。     

Ecology and regeneration of tropical dry forests in the Americas: Implications for management

Dry forests represent the most endangered ecosystem in tropical regions and continue to be one of the most sought after environments for human colonization, development and production. In spite of this, dry forests are one of the least well studied tropical habitats. This special issue is dedicated to reviewing much of the information that exists about tropical dry forest in the Americas. The introduction summarizes the articles presented herein, highlighting management strategies that are suggested throughout the special issue that may be useful for conserving tropical dry forest environments.