菠萝皮发醇生产饲料蛋白的工艺条件研究

菠萝皮是菠萝加工产生的副产物,为了将菠萝加工企业废弃的菠萝皮有效利用,实现资源的再生,缓解目前蛋白饲料的不足,进行了本研究.结果表明,采用绿色木霉和产朊假丝酵母混合菌种发酵,添加麸皮20%、硫酸铵3%、尿素2%,料水比11,自然pH值,30℃发酵5 d,发酵后的饲料粗蛋白含量提高到25.38%,经水洗后的粗蛋白含量提高到17.03%,检测的16种氨基酸含量均有很大幅度的提高,其总和从2.89%提高到15.6%,提高率达到439.8%.产品气味芳香,适口性大为改善,可用做牛、羊和鱼等养殖的低蛋白能量饲料.     

四季蜜龙眼花芽形成相关基因SAM的克隆

以四季蜜龙眼花芽为材料,进行了总RNA的提取与纯化,应用RT-PCR技术扩增其3′端序列,经测序和拼接,获得SAM3′末端,共1 253 bp;序列分析表明,与杨树SAM基因同源性达到96%,为龙眼成花机理的深入研究奠定了基础。     

Development of Sequence-characterized DNA Markers Linked to Temperature Insensitivity for Fruit Production in Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Cultivars

In this paper, we characterize a temperature dependence in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) cultivars using the high annealing temperature random‐amplified polymorphic DNA (HAT‐RAPD) methodology. This form of genomic analysis allows a random sampling of the complete genome to provide information about phenotypic traits of interest. Using a set of 18 unique decamer primers, polymorphic bands ranging from 100 to 2500 bp were examined for 14 longan varieties from which banding patterns of interest were selected for conversion to the more reproducible and robust sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. In particular, one SCAR marker produced an electrophoresis banding pattern which could distinguish between longan varieties requiring a sustained interval at low temperatures for fruit production vs. those that do not. This band was composed of a nucleotide region 275 bases in length (DQ539047) in which the initial 90 nucleotides were >85 % identical to the 12‐oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) reductase gene. OPDA is an immediate precursor to jasmonic acid which has been described as the ‘master switch’ for lipid‐derived environmental signalling to factors such as flowering and osmotic stress. The possible involvement of the jamonic acid signalling pathway could explain the recent success of potassium chlorate to induce off‐season flowering and fruit formation.     

漳州地区龙眼丰产稳产栽培技术

通过多年实践总结出龙眼丰产稳产栽培技术,即:培育良好的树势,抓好土壤管理,适时进行合理施肥和病虫害防治,适时适量修剪,适时促发健壮充实的花梢,及时地控冬梢、冲梢、花穗,适时适量疏花穗、花蕾、幼果,及时保花、保果。     

沿海防护林内层沙滩引种龙眼试验

1987～2002年，在沿海防护林内层沙滩地上开展引种石硖龙眼的试验研究。结果表明：充分利用沙滩地地势平坦、光热水条件优越的有利条件，通过营造林带、改土适树、精耕细作等技术措施引种栽培石硖龙眼，其生长发育符合其品种固有特性，单果重、可食率及可溶性固形物含量均达到该品种的优级标准。其产量高，9年生每公顷产量达37830kg，经济效益较高，并能有效地促进沿海防护林朝着生态经济复合型方向发展。     

甜玉米果皮厚度遗传分析及 QTL 定位

【目的】对甜玉米果皮厚度性状进行主基因 + 多基因遗传分析及 QTL 定位,研究甜玉米果皮厚度 的遗传机理,选育优质甜玉米品种。【方法】选用果皮厚度差异显著的甜玉米自交系 T15 与 T77 配制杂交组合 T77×T15。以该组合的 F2 群体作为试验材料,采用主基因 + 多基因混合遗传方法进行遗传模型分析;结合 F2 群 体各单株的果皮厚度及 SSR 遗传连锁图谱,利用复合区间作图法对甜玉米果皮厚度进行 QTL 定位。【结果】甜 玉米果皮厚度的最适模型为 A-1,即受 1 对主基因控制的加性和部分显性的遗传模型,主基因遗传率 69.10%。 在第 5、8 染色体上分别检测出 3 个与果皮厚度相关的 QTL,其中第 5 染色体 bin5.04 区域检测到 2 个 QTL, 分别位于标记区间 bnlg150~bnlg653 和 bnlg653~bnlg1208,加性效应值分别为 -2.39 和 -3.01;位于第 8 染色体 的 QTL 在 bin8.03~bin8.04 区域,标记区间为 umc1741~bnlg2046,加性效应值为 -3.06,表型贡献率为 22.02%。 【结论】甜玉米果皮厚度以主基因效应为主,在育种实践中可在早期世代进行遗传改良选择。试验检测到的 QTL 可用于分子标记辅助选择和品质育种。     

龙眼成花与抗氧化防御体系关系研究

以石硖龙眼为材料,通过低温诱导、氧化胁迫、自然低温+药剂处理试验,探讨龙眼成花和抗氧化防御之间的相关性。结果表明,氧化胁迫处理或低温+NO/H2O2促进剂处理均有利于龙眼早花。NO促进剂可抑制成花后期龙眼顶芽POD活性,H2O2清除剂可促使POD和SOD活性大幅上升,表明氧化胁迫信号正调控龙眼成花,而氧化防御体系负调控龙眼成花。     

Allele Types of Rc Gene of Weedy Rice from Jiangsu Province,China

Weedy rice(Oryza sativa f. spontanea), the predominant type of which has a red pericarp, seriously inhibits growth and yield of direct-seeded rice in Jiangsu Province, China. In this study, we randomly selected 10 weedy rice accessions from 10 plots in Jiangsu, and then sequenced the full lengths of their Rc genes(approximately 6.4 kb). In addition, we collected 166 different full-length Rc genes in the Oryza genus from the literature and from GenBank. A collinearity sequence analysis showed that the 10 weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu all had the same wild-type allele of the Rc gene. Single nucleotide polymorphisms indicated that the nucleotide polymorphisms(π = 0.19) and the proportion of segregation sites(θw = 0.28) of the Rc genes in the 10 weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu were higher than those in 56 weedy rice accessions from USA(π = 0.09 and θw = 0.07). Haplotype and phylogenetic analyses showed that the Rc genes of weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu were not revertants of the rc gene found in Asian cultivated rice(O. sativa) varieties with white pericarp. In addition, Rc gene sequences of the rice varieties Lvdao from Lianyungang, Jiangsu and Tangdao from Anhui were more similar to those of cultivated rice than to the weedy rice from Jiangsu. These findings support the continued quarantine of weedy rice and clarify the evolutionary mechanism of the red pericarp found in the weedy rice of Jiangsu.     

龙眼果肉的健康效应及主要活性物质研究进展

龙眼是药食兼用水果,传统中医和民间一直用其滋补身体,但长期以来其物质基础和作用机制尚不清 楚。近年来,国内外对龙眼果肉的健康效应及其主要活性物质研究较为活跃。综述了龙眼果肉的抗氧化、免疫调节、 延缓衰老、内分泌和神经调节等主要生物活性,并对其酚类、脂类、多糖类、核苷类和氨基酸类等主要活性物质的提 取分离方法及其组成、化学结构和含量等进行了全面梳理归纳,旨在为龙眼功能食品的精深加工提供依据。     

龙眼鲜果剥壳力学特性

该研究试验测定龙眼鲜果的力学特性。对龙眼鲜果的压缩试验结果表明,其抗挤压能力,在各方向上具有良好的一致性,可以将其简化为各向同性、厚度均匀的薄壳球体;基于薄壳理论的分析结果表明,采用一对法向集中力,有利于龙眼果壳的均匀破裂;在对果壳进行拉伸试验过程中发现,龙眼果实沿纵向和横向的结合力都大于蒂部,由此可以推断,采用对辊摩擦法可以实现龙眼鲜果壳的剥离,为设计龙眼鲜果剥壳去核机械提供了重要依据。