Effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist rosiglitazone on intestinal injury in rats undergoing orthotopic autologous liver transplantation by inhibiting inflammatory response

AIM: To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) agonist, on the expression of PPARγ, the activation of NF-κB and intestine injury in the rats undergoing orthotopic autologous liver transplantation(OALT).METHODS: Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group, sham group, OALT group and rosiglitazone(0.3 mg/kg, iv) pretreatment(ROS+OALT) group. The OALT model was established, and the intestinal tissues were collected 8 h after the liver reperfusion. The intestinal tissue sections were stained to visualize the damage. The expression of PPARγ and NF-κB in the tissues, the concentrations of diamine oxidase(DAO) and fatty acid-binding protein 2(FABP2) in the serum and the concentration of TNF-α and IL-6 in the tissues were measured.RESULTS: Compared with sham group, the intestinal mucosa of the rats showed obvious pathological injury after liver reperfusion in OALT group and ROS group, the Chiu,s scores of intestinal mucosa was significantly higher, and the serum concentrations of DAO and FABP2 increased(P<0.05). After rosiglitazone pretreatment, the injury of intestinal mucosa of the rats was alleviated, the Chiu,s scores was lower and the serum concentrations of DAO and FABP2 decreased(P<0.05), the PPARγ expression was obviously up-regulated in the intestinal tissues, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB was reduced and the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased.CONCLUSION: During perioperative period of OALT in rats, the inflammatory responses are obvious. Furthermore, obvious intestinal injury occurs. PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone obviously up-regulates PPARγ expression and inhibits the inflammation in the intestines, thus protecting against intestinal injury in rats undergoing OALT.     

Search for partial resistance against Puccinia hordei in barley landraces from the Fertile Crescent

A collection of 111 barley landraces from the Fertile Crescent was screened for resistance to barley leaf rust in the field and under controlled conditions. Large variation was observed for disease severity under field conditions. Accessions with high resistance because of hypersensitivity were identified. Also segregation was observed in some accessions, with individual plants showing hypersensitive reactions (IT ≤ 6). Partial resistance due to a reduction of infection in spite of a compatible infection was commonly found (19%). Resistance of 12 accessions selected for their low disease severity and high IT, was shown to be due to a prolonged latency period and increased percentage of early aborted colonies not associated with host cell necrosis. A high correlation was observed between the microscopic and macroscopic components of partial resistance.     

The importance of abortive stoma penetration in the partial resistance and nonhost reaction of adult barley and wheat plants to leaf rust fungi

Summary Early stages of the infection process of Puccinia hordei isolate 1.2.1 and of a P. recondita f.sp. tritici isolate were studied on adult plants of four barley lines and one wheat line. Two of the barley lines are extremely susceptible to P. hordei, the other two have a very high level of partial resistance.A histological study based on a trypan blue staining indicated that stoma penetration by P. hordei isolate 1.2.1 was equally successful on the susceptible as on the partially resistant adult barley plants. Abortion of substomatal vesicles was rare in all lines. These results do not support a hypothesis that mechanisms of partial resistance in adult plants differ from those in seedlings by a substantial abortive stoma penetration.Also in the nonhost combinations wheat-P. hordei and barley-P. recondita f.sp. tritici inhibition of stoma penetration and of substomatal vesicle development appears to play a biologically insignificant role in adult plants.The proportion of stoma penetration on the leaf sheaths of two of the barley lines was as high as on the leaf blades of the flag leaf and the leaf below the flag leaf. There was no evidence for stomatal exclusion as a crucial factor in the relatively low infectibility of leaf sheaths to leaf-blade specialized rust species.     

Metabolism mediated interaction of α-asarone and Acorus calamus with CYP3A4 and CYP2D6

The present study was aimed to investigate the possible interaction of the standardized extract of Acorus calamus (AC) with Cytochrome P450 enzyme, quantitative determination of the α-asarone in the AC rhizome was performed by RP-HPLC method. In vitro interaction of the plant extract was evaluated by CYP450-carbon monoxide complex (CYP450-CO) assay. Effect on individual isoforms such as CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 isozymes were analyzed through fluorescence product formation and respective IC₅₀ values were determined. CYP450-CO assay showed moderate interaction potential. Extract showed higher IC₅₀ values (46.84 ± 1.83-32.99 ± 2.21 μg/ml) comparing to the standard inhibitors and lower IC₅₀ value than α-asarone (65.16 ± 2.37-42.15 ± 2.45 μg/ml).     

不同因素对乳突类圆线虫离体培养的影响

采用生物统计的正交试验设计方法，研究了Ｍ１９９、犊血清（ＣＢＳ）、鸡胚提取物（ＣＥＥ５０）、兔肝提取物（ＲＬＥ５０）、丙酮酸钠（ＳＰ）、水解酪蛋白（ＣＨ）和酵母提取物（ＹＥ）在离体培养中对乳突类圆线虫第三期幼虫存活和生长发育的影响。结果表明，只有ＣＢＳ和ＲＬＥ５０。对第三期幼虫的存活和生长发育起着显著的促进作用、在试验得出的最适含量组合的培养基内，幼虫生长发育最好，存活时间最长为３７ｄ。对Ｍ１９９、ＥＭＥＭ、Ｆ１２和ＲＰＭＩ１６４０这４种商品组织培养基进行了筛选试验；结果显示Ｍ１９９最佳，表明脂溶性维生素可能是乳突类圆线虫的离体培养所需营养之一。     

饲料碳水化合物水平对南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)幼鱼肝脏、胰脏和肾脏的组织学影响

为研究饲料碳水化合物对南方鲇（Silurus meridionalis）的组织结构的影响,配制分别含0%,15%,30%糊化玉米淀粉的等能饲料分别作为对照、中水平和高水平碳水化合物（CHO）饲料,观察以3种饲料喂养8周后南方鲇鱼体肝脏、胰脏和肾脏的组织形态学.结果发现：中水平碳水化合物和高水平碳水化合物组的肝细胞多发生肿胀和空泡化,部分肝细胞膜破裂.中水平碳水化合物和高水平碳水化合物组的肝细胞密度差异不显著,二者均显著低于对照组（p〈0.05）.高水平碳水化合物组肝细胞短径显著大于对照组（p〈0.05）,二者均与中水平碳水化合物组无显著差异.中水平碳水化合物和高水平碳水化合物组肝细胞核多移至细胞边位,大小无明显变化.中水平碳水化合物和高水平碳水化合物组的胰脏和肾脏组织结构与对照组相比没有明显变化.结果表明：摄食过高水平碳水化合物饲料对南方鲇幼鱼的肝脏组织结构有一定程度的损害,验证了饲料碳水化合物对肉食性鱼类在组织学水平上的营养胁迫.     

实验感染肝片吸虫对大鼠肝脏药物代谢功能的影响

将 8 5只体重 2 5 0～ 35 0 g的健康SD大鼠 (雌雄各半 )随机分成感染组 (n =5 5 )和对照组 (n =30 )。感染组大鼠每只一次经口感染 2 5个肝片吸虫囊蚴 ,每周采血测定血浆天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)及碱性磷酸酶 (ALP)活性。于感染后第 3,6 ,9,11和 13周分别宰杀 12只 (感染组 8只 ,对照组 4只 )大鼠 ,测定其肝微粒体蛋白、细胞色素P 4 5 0、细胞色素b5的浓度和肝脏药物代谢酶活性。结果表明 ,大鼠感染肝片吸虫后 ,血浆AST、ALT、ALP活性分别在感染后 3～ 7周、 3～ 5周、 5～ 13周极显著上升 (P <0 0 1) ;肝体比上升 ;CytP 4 5 0浓度、肝脏药物代谢酶活性极显著下降 (P <0 0 1)。提示肝片吸虫感染对大鼠肝脏药物代谢功能有明显的损伤作用。     

大草蛉雌性生殖系统组织学研究

本文详细研究了大草蛉雌性生殖系统的解剖学和组织学特征，以及各部分的功能。     

鸡肝碱性磷酸酶的分离纯化及其部分性质的研究

经过匀浆、正丁醇处理、硫酸铵分级分离、DEAE-纤维素离子交换柱层析、SephadexG-75凝胶过滤等步骤,从鸡肝中部分纯化了碱性磷酸酶。以对硝基苯磷酸二钠(PNPP)为底物,测得该酶的最适pH为10.5,最适温度为40℃,Km=0.521mmol·L-1。甲醇、乙二醇与丙三醇均对其活性有不同程度的抑制作用。     

白唇鹿胃肠组织学的研究

白唇鹿胃肠的组织结构与牛羊等反刍动物基本相似。其主要特点是:瘤胃复层扁平,上皮可明显分为基底层、棘层、粒层和角化层。在基底层中存在一种大而圆形的亮细胞。皱胃的胃底腺主要是主细胞和壁细胞,颈粘液细胞数量少而不明显。胃和肠壁的肌层都很厚。