造纸黑液与玉米秸秆堆肥实验

[目的]开发利用玉米秸秆资源,解决造纸黑液对环境的污染问题。[方法]通过用不同方法使玉米秸秆与造纸黑液混合发酵,对其混合的比例、发酵时间、pH值、玉米秸秆粉的细度等因素进行研究,确定混合发酵的最佳配比、最佳中和时间和最佳发酵条件。[结果]造纸黑液与玉米秸秆混合发酵的最佳条件为:将玉米秸秆与水按质量比1∶1混合在常温隔绝空气的条件下发酵4周,然后将造纸黑液与所得的玉米秆发酵产物按质量比15∶1混合在常温隔绝空气的条件下发酵4周,可得到pH值在6.0~7.0富含腐殖酸的有机绿肥。[结论]该研究对有效利用玉米秸秆资源和治理环境污染具有重要意义。     

运行条件对膜污染影响及数学建模

采用膜生物反应器(MBR)对高浓度中药废水两相厌氧消化系统出水进行处理,研究了不同温度和压力条件下污泥浓度(MLSS)对MBR中膜通量衰减的影响,并在此基础上建立了不同操作条件下的膜通量随MLSS变化的数学模型。实验结果表明:MBR中膜通量不仅仅与MLSS有关,还与MBR中其他条件有关。在不同运行条件下,随着温度和操作压力的变化,膜通量随污泥浓度的增加而递减,且膜通量在一定MLSS条件下与温度和操作压力存在着正相关性。为描述这种变化趋势,进行相关性分析并建立了在3个不同温度和操作压力的条件下,膜通量和MLSS的数学模拟关系。通过建立的模型发现膜通量无论是在不同温度、还是在不同压力的条件下均与MLSS呈负相关,呈现相同的规律性即MLSS越高,膜通量越低。同时也证明温度和操作压力的增加有利于膜通量的增加。     

制浆黑液固形物与工业木质素热解液化产物分析

采用管式炉研究了纯化后的工业碱木质素和制浆黑液固形物在不同温度下的热解产物分布规律.借助热解-色谱-质谱(Py-GC-MS)联用、元素分析仪、ICP等离子发射光谱等分析了热解液相产物(热解油)和固体残余物的主要组成.研究表明,在600℃下热解,纯化后的工业碱木质素和黑液固形物热解油产率最高,且工业木质素热解油产率明显高于黑液固形物.热解油的产物非常复杂,纯化后的工业碱木质素和黑液固形物的热解油化学组成有较大的差异.纯化后的工业碱木质素热解油主要由各种低相对分子质量(Mr)的酚类、酮类、有机酸等物质组成,这些物质的相对含量明显高于黑液固形物热解产物中的含量,其中不含有黑液固形物的热解产物中相对含量较高的左旋葡萄糖,却出现了可能因热解缩合而形成的联苯结构.说明在黑液固形物热解液化前,对试样进行适当前处理,可在很大程度上调控其热解产物的组成.     

川法小曲白酒发展现状及其瓶颈问题分析

四川固态法小曲白酒酿造历史悠久、风格典型、味道独特,与大曲清香、麸曲清香共同组成了清香型白酒的三大类型.对清香型川法小曲白酒的历史由来、在我国白酒行业中所占地位、生产工艺的革新历程、生产、研究及市场现状、发展瓶颈问题、面临的机遇、酒质提升的解决途径及建议、未来发展趋势进行了分析探讨.     

棚窖的改建及贮藏效果

本文对棚窖的结构进行了分析,找出了影响经济林产品贮藏的原因,并在此基础上对普通棚窖进行了改建,可使贮期延长1个月左右,且贮藏效果较好。     

福建省林区小纸厂废液治理适用技术探讨

本文分析了福建省林区小纸厂废液污染及治理技术研究的现状，介绍了几项比较成熟的单项技术；提出目前应集中精力、因地制宜地加强全流程设备和技术的配套研究。     

Effects of feeding different levels of corn steep liquor on the performance of fattening lambs

This study was conducted to assess the effect of feeding corn steep liquor (CSL) on in vivo digestibility, ruminal pH, ammonia and hydrolytic enzyme activities, blood metabolites, feed intake (FI) and growth performance in fattening lambs. The CSL is a by‐product of wet milling process of maize starch industry. The crude protein (CP), rumen‐degradable protein (RDP), lactic acid and metabolisable energy contents of this by‐product were 420, 324, 200 g/kg dry matter (DM) and 12.6 MJ/kg DM respectively. Twenty‐seven male Moghani lambs were assigned randomly into three groups of nine lambs each in a completely randomised design. Three iso‐energetic and iso‐nitrogenous diets containing different levels (0, 50 or 100 g/kg dry matter) of CSL were offered ad libitum three times a day. Forage to concentrate ratio of the diets was 30:70. With inclusion of CSL in diet, the contents of canola meal, fish meal, wheat bran, corn grain and sugar beet pulp were decreased. The contents of DM, ash‐free neutral detergent fibre (NDFom), ether extract, starch, Ca and S were numerically lower, but soluble protein, RDP and non‐fibre carbohydrates were greater in the diets containing CSL in comparison with the control diet. The lambs fed with the diets containing CSL had lower [linear (L), p < 0.06] digestibility coefficients of DM and NDFom as compared to those fed with the diet free of CSL. Ruminal ammonia‐N concentration increased (L, p < 0.05), but pH decreased (L, p < 0.05) with raising CSL level in diet. Carboxymethyl cellulase and filter paper‐degrading activities decreased (L, p < 0.05), while proteases activity increased (L, p < 0.05) as dietary rates of CSL increased. Microcrystalline cellulase and ɑ‐amylase activities were similar among the treatments. Within blood metabolites, only urea‐N concentration increased (L, p < 0.05) in the lambs receiving CSL as compared to those fed with diet without CSL. Dietary inclusion of CSL resulted in linear decreases (L, p < 0.05) in the intakes of DM, organic matter, CP, NDFom and ash‐free acid detergent fibre, and average daily gain. However, the feed conversion ratio was similar among the experimental animals. Overall, feeding CSL up to 100 g/kg diet DM in lamb resulted in reductions of rumen fibrolytic microbial enzyme activities, in vivo digestibility, FI and growth performance, but rumen proteases activity increased.     

磷酸活化草浆黑液木质素制备活性炭的研究

用磷酸活化草浆造纸黑液木质素制备活性炭.探讨了磷酸在木质素活化过程中的作用,研究了磷料比、活化温度、活化时间对所制活性炭的比表面积和对正丁烷吸附量的影响.结果表明,草浆造纸黑液木质素是一种优良的制备活性炭的原料,磷酸不仅是脱水剂,而且还是活化过程的保护剂.活性炭制备条件为:磷料比值2.5,活化温度450℃,活化时间60...     

木薯种茎地窖越冬贮藏技术

系统介绍一套相对较高纬度区域（江西）木薯种茎地窖越冬贮藏技术。     

啤酒酿造过程中有害微生物污染因素及防治策略

介绍了啤酒酿造过程中常见的有害微生物及其危害,分析了有害微生物的污染因素,并根据微生物的种类与特点介绍了啤酒厂在酿造过程中微生物的管理和微生物污染的防治策略。