Fertility divergence across large and small areas

This paper examines U.S. female fertility during 2005–2019. Small areas had higher fertility rates than large metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) during each year. Both experienced fertility declines between 2005 and 2019. However, decreased fertility was more pronounced for large MSAs, and the fertility gap between large and small areas widened considerably. Investigation by age group reveals that diverging fertility across large and small areas is driven by women ages 25–34. We also use multivariate regression analysis for ages 25–34 to consider relationships between individual-level and area-level characteristics and spatial divergence in fertility. Employment patterns, foreign-born status, and local housing costs are notable factors.     

穗留果量对枝梢二次短截修剪后枇杷品质与产量的影响

在‘早钟6号’枇杷二次短截修剪提高结果母枝质量、果实品质及效益的研究基础上,进一步探讨不同穗留果量对果实品质、产量及效益的影响。结果表明:穗留果3个与穗留果4个、5个相比,可显著增加单果重、提高特级果比例和商品率;穗留果5个的可食率极显著高于穗留果4个的处理,而3个穗留果处理的果皮色泽、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、果肉厚度差异不显著;3个处理间的果穗重、株产和单位面积产量差异显著,且随着穗留果量的增加有增大趋势,但单位面积产值差异不显著。认为穗留果3个较适宜,可提高优质果比率和商品率,实现丰产、稳产、高效种植目的。     

Clinical vignette Fortuitous diagnosis of a persitent left cranial vena by color flow Doppler echocardiography in a dog

A persistent left cranial vena cava is described in an asymptomatic three-year-old female Shi Tzu. The purpose of this report is to show the value of color flow Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of this uncommon congenital cardiovasular abnormality.     

胸膜纤维层剥除术治疗小儿亚急性与慢性脓胸（附29例分析）

１９８５年７月至１９９４年６月，共行胸纤维层剥除术治疗小儿亚急性和慢性脓胸２９例，均痊愈出院，无手术死亡，无并发症，并随访１－８年生长发育良好，效果满意，对手术适应症，手术切口选择手术方式等作了讨论。     

河北农村留守儿童社会保障问题的对策思考——以灵寿县为例

农村留守儿童问题是城市化进程发展的附属产物。目前比较客观而有效地缓解这一社会问题的突破点是构建针对农村留守儿童的专项社会保障制度和保障机制，形成结构合理、功能互补和保障有效的社会保障体系。     

留守学生思想教育的几点认识

留守儿童教育问题主要表现在学业、品德、人格、心理等方面。制度与体制的共同作用、政策实施的乏力、父母思想观念的影响、学校与社会努力的缺位是问题的主要成因。完善农村社区教育和监护体系,提高父母对孩子教育问题的认识,充分发挥学校的教育功能是解决留守儿童教育问题的根本对策。     

打工子弟义务教育现状及对策综述

随着社会经济发展,打工子弟进城读书的人数越来越多,然而很多人面临着入学困难和经济负担等问题。研究从打工子弟自身、家庭、学校、社会4个角度分析其接受义务教育所存在的问题,并指出目前的文献研究仅停留在文字层面,还未落到实处,最后提出了解决目前困境的几种措施,旨在使打工子弟能获得与城市子女同等的受义务教育权利。     

Anatomical anomalies and variations of main thoracic vessels in dogs: a computed tomography study

IntroductionThere is scarce information about the prevalence of anomalies and anatomical variations of the main great thoracic vessels in dogs, particularly in dogs without congenital heart disease.AnimalsThe study included 878 privately owned dogs.Material and methodsComputerized tomography (CT) thoracic studies carried out between 2011 and 2014 for a variety of reasons were reviewed. The prevalence of anomalies and anatomical variations of the aorta and vena cava, the arterial branches of the aortic arch and the main branches of the intrathoracic veins in dogs with no evidence of congenital heart disease was evaluated. Poor-quality CTs, CTs with thoracic pathology that impaired visualization or those of young dogs with clinical evidence or suspicion of congenital cardiac disease were excluded.ResultsEight hundred two CT studies were analysed. Eight dogs (1%) showed an anatomic anomaly. The most common anomaly was an aberrant retroesophageal right subclavian artery (n = 7, 0.8%). One dog showed a dilated azygos vein secondary to an interrupted vena cava. Three types of branching of the common carotid arteries were observed: both arteries arising at the same point (type I: n = 506/742; 68.2%), separated (type II: n = 212/742; 28.6%) or from a common trunk (type III: n = 24/742; 3.2%).ConclusionsMajor anatomical variations or anomalies of the main great thoracic vessels in dogs without congenital cardiac disease were rare. An aberrant retroesophageal right subclavian artery was the most common anomaly found. Three slight variations of common carotid artery branching were identified. These findings might be of relevance for surgical or catheterization procedures.     

厄贝沙坦对原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚及心率变异性的影响

目的 探讨厄贝沙坦对原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚(LVH)及心率变异性(HRV)的影响.方法 65例原发性高血压患者,每日清晨7 时口服厄贝沙坦,治疗前及治疗6个月后分别测定患者LVH及HRV.结果 治疗后的左室后壁舒张末期厚度(LVPWT)、左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)、室间隔舒张末期厚度( IVST)、左室重量指数(LVMI)均比治疗前明显减少(P<0.01);与治疗前相比,相邻正常RR 间期标准差 (SDNN)、相邻正常RR 间期差值的方差(RMSSD)、相邻正常RR 间期差值大于50 ms 的窦性心律占心搏总数的百分比(PNN50)、高频功率(HF)明显增加(P<0.01),而低频功率(LF)及LF/HF则明显降低(P<0.05或0.01).结论 厄贝沙坦对原发性高血压患者的LVH有显著的改善作用,对HRV有显著的扭转作用.     

桉柠蒎软胶囊治疗儿童慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的疗效观察

目的 探讨桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊治疗儿童慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）的临床疗效。方法 将CRS患儿120例随机分为对照组(克拉霉素+0.9％氯化钠溶液冲洗鼻腔+氨溴索口腔崩解片)和观察组(克拉霉素+0.9％氯化钠溶液冲洗鼻腔+桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊)各60例,连续治疗12周,采用：(1)视觉模拟量表（VAS）评估其症状;(2)鼻内镜观察评估鼻腔病情;(3)鼻窦CT评价病变范围。结果 两组患儿经过8周治疗后,其症状VAS评分、鼻内镜评分均较治疗前明显下降（P<0.01）,两组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;经过12周治疗,流涕、鼻塞、头痛及鼻内镜评分的组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;CT评分较治疗前明显下降（P<0.01）,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组总有效率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 桉柠蒎肠溶软胶囊联合克拉霉素内服治疗CRS方法简单、疗效好,值得临床推广。