砒砂岩区沙棘定植株与萌蘖株生长指标间的关联分析

砒砂岩区为中国自然生态环境最为恶劣的地区之一。多年来的科学研究和生产实践均证明，沙棘为适应这一地区的最佳先锋植物。2～8a沙棘定植株的平均高、地径分别与萌蘖株高、冠幅间存在着较好的正相关关系；中等盖度（40％～70％）的沙棘人工林分，其萌蘖能力最高。生产实践中可充分利用沙棘萌蘖性能强的优势，有效降低种植密度，减少种植成本，实现砒砂岩区快速、经济、高效恢复植被的目的。     

谈国土资源信息标准化

标准化是国土资源信息化建设的基础。简要介绍了国土资源信息标准化的研究背景和相关概念,就国土资源信息标准化的意义、目标与任务、标准化体系等内容进行了描述和分析,并就其具体实施过程提出了相应的建议。     

Urbanization Development under Climate Change: Hydrological Responses in a Peri‐Urban Mediterranean Catchment

Relatively few studies have so far investigated the hydrological impacts of urbanization in Mediterranean catchments, and particularly in peri‐urban catchments experiencing relatively rapid and large changes in their land‐use mosaic. This study uses data‐based model simulations to investigate such impacts, with the Ribeira dos Covões catchment in Portugal as a concrete Mediterranean peri‐urban catchment example. We distinguish the impacts of urbanization from those of climatic change on the water flux partitioning and connectivity in the catchment over the period 1958–2013. Decrease in precipitation over this period has primarily driven decreases in annual runoff and actual evapotranspiration, while the urbanization development has primarily changed the relative flux partitioning and connectivity pattern in the catchment. The relative contribution of overland flow to annual and seasonal runoff has increased, keeping the absolute overland flow more or less intact, while the baseflow contribution to the stream network has decreased. Methodologically, the present simulation approach provides a relevant means for distinguishing main drivers of change in hydrological flux partitioning and connectivity under concurrent urbanization and climatic changes. © 2017 The Authors. Land Degradation & Development Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

资兴市土地集约利用潜力分析

对资兴市土地利用现状进行了分析,结合其地理环境和土地利用目标,从农业用地、建设用地和未利用地3个方面分析了资兴市土地集约利用的潜力,并针对不同土地利用类型提出了开发土地潜力的途径。     

中国蔬菜绿色全要素生产率时空特征与空间错位

为评估中国蔬菜绿色生产率，提升蔬菜生产绿色发展水平，推进农业高质量发展。该研究采用超效率SBM-ML模型、空间错位指数、主成分分析法等方法，探究2011—2020年中国30个省市蔬菜绿色全要素生产率的时空格局演变与空间错位特征，识别影响中国蔬菜绿色全要素生产率的主要因素。研究结果发现：1）2011—2020年中国蔬菜绿色全要素生产率整体呈下降趋势，由1.023 1降低到0.741 4，蔬菜生产与生态环境可持续发展的协调程度降低，其中技术效率下降和技术退步共同拖累了蔬菜绿色全要素生产率的提高。2）2011—2020年中国蔬菜绿色全要素生产率增长呈“东高西低，南高北低”的空间分布特征。北回归线以南产区蔬菜绿色全要素生产率最高，西北产区蔬菜绿色全要素生产率最低，其差异主要取决于水土资源供给状况与市场需求规模等因素。3）2011—2020年中国蔬菜绿色全要素生产率与技术效率的空间错位由北向南大致呈现“正向错位—负向错位”的变化趋势，整体以低错位为主。东北产区、中部产区地势平坦，农业生产条件良好，有利于蔬菜规模化种植。2011—2020年中国蔬菜绿色全要素生产率与技术进步的空间错位呈显著的“东正西负”的空间分布特征，且空间错位程度较大，负向错位省份数量由13个增至17个。由于蔬菜生产过于追求经济效益，忽视了绿色生产技术的投入。4）经济发展水平、资源环境禀赋和交通通达性是影响中国省域蔬菜绿色全要素生产率变化的主要因素，其中城镇化率和人均可支配收入等经济要素对蔬菜绿色全要素生产率的影响最为明显。研究结果可准确把握现阶段蔬菜绿色生产现状，为农业绿色转型发展提供借鉴。     

短时间微流水处理对异育银鲫肌肉品质的影响

采用微流水系统处理池塘养殖异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio),测定不同处理时间(0～9 d)鲫肌肉的主要营养成分、滋味特征、气味特征和挥发性成分等参数,研究微流水处理对鲫肌肉品质的提升作用。结果显示,微流水处理对养殖鲫肌肉中水分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量的影响不大(P0.05),但对鱼肉中灰分、肌糖原和总糖含量及滋味、气味及感官评分有显著影响(P0.05)。随着微流水处理时间延长,鲫鱼肉中肌糖原、总糖含量显著下降,灰分明显增加(P0.05)。电子舌和电子鼻检测结果显示,微流水处理可显著改变鲫肌肉的滋味特征、气味特征。随着微流水处理时间延长,鲫肌肉中异味挥发物含量明显减少、鱼肉自身代表性风味物质含量明显增加,且蒸熟后鱼肉的气味、滋味、质地和总分等评分明显升高,微流水处理7 d的鲫肌肉的感官评分优于0、1、3、5 d样品的,而与微流水处理9 d的样品无差异。综上可见,短时间微流水处理(≤7 d)不影响鲫鱼肉中粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量,但可显著改善养殖鲫肌肉品质,其适宜处理时间为7 d。     

Switch of tropical Amazon forest to pasture affects taxonomic composition but not species abundance and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community composition and species richness are affected by several factors including soil attributes and plant host. In this paper we tested the hypothesis that conversion of tropical Amazon forest to pasture changes taxonomic composition of AMF community but not community species abundance and richness. Soil samples were obtained in 300 m × 300 m plots from forest (n = 11) and pasture (n = 13) and fungal spores extracted, counted and identified. A total of 36 species were recovered from both systems, with 83% of them pertaining to Acaulosporaceae and Glomeraceae. Only 12 species were shared between systems and spore abundance of the majority of fungal species did not differ between pasture and forest. Spore abundance was significantly higher in pasture compared to forest but both systems did not differ on mean species richness, Shannon diversity and Pielou equitability. Species abundance distribution depicted by species rank log abundance plots was not statistically different between both systems. We concluded that conversion of pristine tropical forest to pasture influences the taxonomic composition of AMF communities while not affecting species richness and abundance distribution.     

温度对奥尼罗非鱼受精卵孵化和仔鱼活力的影响

研究了温度对奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus)受精卵孵化和仔鱼活力的影响。在盐度为5不同温度(22、24、26、28、30、32和34℃)下,比较观察奥尼罗非鱼受精卵的培育周期、孵化周期、孵化率和畸形率。同时在以上不同温度条件下对初孵的奥尼罗非鱼仔鱼进行耐饥饿试验,测定其不投饵存活系数(Survivalactivity index,SAI)。结果表明:在温度为24~32℃,受精卵孵化率较高(84.3%~91%),温度高于34℃和低于22℃时,孵化率较低。温度与培育周期呈负相关关系,函数关系为y=0.3607x2-26.836x+553.5,R2=0.973。仔鱼生存适宜温度是24~30℃,最适的温度是24~26℃。温度为22℃时,SAI值分别为19.9,但是仔鱼发育的缓慢,部分仔鱼的身体色素一直没有出现,不适合仔鱼的培育。     

Irrigation Scheduling and Watermelon Yield Model for the Jordan Valley

A crop yield and soil water management simulation model (CRPSM) developed at Utah State University was modified, calibrated and tested using local weather data and field results from a trickle irrigation experiment with different mulching on watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ), carried out at the University of Jordan Research Station, in the Jordan Valley.
Simulated irrigation schedules were then applied with some of the four options provided by the model. The water yield index, WYI, introduced by B attikhi and H ill (1985) to select the most efficient schedule as based on yield and water use efficiency, was then determined. WYI ranged from 27 to 87. The field schedule, WM₂, had a WYI of 62. Whereas, the model provided a much better schedule, WM₇ (WYI = 86). WM₇ requires 17 irrigations of 2.0 cm per irrigation totaling a water supply of 44.1 cm with an irrigation season starting on April 7 to give a yield equivalent to the potential yield, 80.0 MT/ha. On the other hand, the best field schedule, WM₂ under transparent mulch, required 14 irrigations to provide 45.9 cm (including rainfall and soil moisture change), with a season starting on April 28 resulted in a yield of 68.8 MT/ha. So we can see that by using the same amounts of total water supply but with different schedule we can get the potential yield. The model has, therefore, provided few better schedules that can be tested in the field at lower costs before final recommendations are made.     

Relationships among condition indices, feeding and growth of walleye in Lake Erie

Abstract  Condition indices are often used as surrogates of fish health, growth, and feeding and to compare ecological well-being among fish populations. In an effort to identify easily measured indices, growth and food consumption were compared with gonadal-somatic index, liver-somatic index (LSI), fat-somatic index and relative weight ( W _r) for ages 1–3 walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill), in Lake Erie from 1986 to 1988. The LSI and W _r were significantly correlated with growth rate or food consumption, but correlations were too small to be considered biologically meaningful. Furthermore, no consistent relationships between condition indices and growth or consumption were found among combinations of fish age and season. None of the indices are considered reliable surrogates for more laborious estimates of growth and food consumption for Lake Erie walleye. Significant relationships between W _r and relative abundance of key prey species warrant further investigation.