几种豆制品中异黄酮含量的测定和分析

选取超市出售的几种豆制品,测定其异黄酮含量,了解豆制品中异黄酮的基本情况。结果表明,从豆制品干物质分析,豆腐丝中异黄酮含量最高、其次是内酯豆腐,再者为北豆腐,豆腐干较少,豆腐皮和豆腐泡依次更少,总体在129.19~770.99μg/g之间。豆制品的制作工艺可能是造成异黄酮含量差异的原因之一。多数豆制品中染料木素含量高出大豆苷元含量数倍,推测大豆苷元在加工过程中,比染料木素更容易损失。     

大豆皂苷和异黄酮对小鼠血脂的调节作用

[目的]研究大豆皂苷与异黄酮对小鼠血脂的影响,为从食疗方面调节血脂的研究提供依据.[方法]将72只(7周大小)健康昆明小鼠随机分成6组,分别为基础组、高脂饲料组、高脂饲料+大豆皂苷低剂量组(25 mg/(kg· d))、高脂饲料+大豆皂苷高剂量组(50mg/(kg·d))、高脂饲料+大豆异黄酮低剂量组(50 mg/(kg·d))、高脂饲料+大豆异黄酮高剂量组(100 mg/(kg·d)).连续灌胃4周后,眼球取血,测定血清的甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白水平.[结果]与基础组比较,高脂组小鼠的血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇水平和低密度脂蛋白水平都显著升高(P＜0.05),高密度脂蛋白水平显著下降(P＜0.05).与高脂组比较,大豆异黄酮高、低剂量组的总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白的水平都显著降低(P＜0.05),高密度脂蛋白的水平都显著上升(P＜0.05).大豆皂苷低剂量组的总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平显著低于高脂组(P＜0.05),高密度脂蛋白的水平显著升高(P＜0.05),高剂量组的大豆皂苷的甘油三酯水平显著下降.[结论]大豆皂苷和大豆异黄酮对调节小鼠血脂都有一定的效果,对高脂血症都有一定的预防作用.     

发酵罐制备大豆异黄酮糖苷转化酶(β-糖苷酶)条件的研究

纳豆菌1号（BJC—1）是一株高产大豆异黄酮糖苷转化酶的菌株。本实验采用正交设计的方法，筛选出该菌的最佳产酶条件为：2％的葡萄糖为碳源；2％的大豆蛋白胨为氮源；发酵液pH值维持在7．0-7．5之间；装液量为2L；接种量为6％；发酵温度34℃；转速180r／min；发酵时间为32h。其产酶的最高酶活可达127．60IU。Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋对产酶有促进作用；Cu^2＋、Fe^3＋对产酶有抑制作用；K^＋、Zn^＋对产酶基本没有影响。     

A SNP genetic linkage map based on the ‘Hamilton’ by ‘Spencer’ recombinant inbred line population identified QTL for seed isoflavone contents in soybean

Soybean is one of the most important crops worldwide for its protein and oil as well as the health beneficial phytoestrogens or isoflavone. This study reports a relatively dense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based genetic map based on ‘Hamilton’ by ‘Spencer’ recombinant inbred line population and quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed isoflavone contents. The genetic map is composed of 1502 SNP markers and covers about 1423.72 cM of the soybean genome. Two QTL for seed isoflavone contents have been identified in this population. One major QTL that controlled both daidzein (qDZ1) and total isoflavone contents (qTI1) was found on LG C2 (Chr 6). And a second QTL for glycitein content (qGT1) was identified on the LG G (Chr 18). These two QTL in addition to others identified in soybean could be used in soybean breeding to optimize isoflavone content. This newly assembled soybean linkage map is a useful tool to identify and map QTL for important agronomic traits and enhance the identification of the genes involved in these traits.     

饲喂大豆异黄酮对母猪繁殖性能及哺乳仔猪生长的影响

66头大约克夏母猪和52头二花脸母猪分别按预产期不同间隔地分成试验组和对照组。在试验组大约克夏和二花脸母猪妊娠85d至产后7d间,于基础日粮中分别添加大豆异黄酮8mg/kg和5mg/kg。结果表明,仔猪初生个体重和窝重,同一猪种内试验组与对照组无显著差异(P>0 05),但试验组有增高的趋势;20日龄大约克夏仔猪个体重和窝重,试验组比对照组分别高1 38kg和14 30kg,差异均达极显著水平(P<0 01);20日龄二花脸仔猪个体重和窝重,试验组与对照组差异均不显著(P>0 05)。大约克夏仔猪断奶时(28日龄)个体重和窝重,试验组分别比对照组增加1 21kg和12 23kg,差异均达显著水平(P<0 05);二花脸仔猪断奶时(45日龄)个体重和窝重,试验组比对照组分别增加0 51kg和6 01kg,差异均达显著水平(P<0 05)。同时,大豆异黄酮对大约克夏和二花脸母猪下一胎次的繁殖性能均无不良影响。     

Genetic Analysis of Embryo, Cytoplasm and Maternal Effects and Their Environment Interactions for Isoflavone Content in Soybean [Glycine max （L.） Merr.]

Soybean seed products contain isoflavones （genistein, daidzein, and glycitein） that display biological effects when ingested by humans and animals. These effects are species, dose and age dependent. Therefore, the content and quality of isoflavones in soybeans is a key factor to the biological effect. Our objective was to identify the genetic effects that underlie the isoflavone content in soybean seeds. A genetic model for quantitative traits of seeds in diploid plants was applied to estimate the genetic main effects and genotype x environment （GE） interaction effects for the isoflavone content （IC） of soybean seeds by using two years experimental data with an incomplete diallel mating design of six parents. Results showed that the IC of soybean seeds was simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects of maternal, embryo, and cytoplasm, of which maternal genetic effects were most important, followed by embryo and cytoplasmic genetic effects. The main effects of different genetic systems on IC trait were more important than environment interaction effects. The strong dominance effects on isoflavone from residual was made easily by environment conditions. Therefore, the improvement of the IC of soybean seeds would be more efficient when selection is based on maternal plants than that on the single seed. Maternal heritability （65.73%） was most important for IC, followed by embryo heritability （25.87%） and cytoplasmic heritability （8.39%）. Based on predicated genetic effects, Yudou 29 and Zheng 90007 were better than other parents for increasing IC in the progeny and improving the quality of soybean, The significant effects of maternal and embryo dominance effects in variance show that the embryo heterosis and maternal heterosis are existent and uninfluenced by environment interaction effects.     

花苜蓿中总异黄酮提取研究

采用乙醇溶剂浸提,结合超声波辅助提取豆科牧草紫花苜蓿中的异黄酮。通过提取剂乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间和料液比四因素三水平的正交试验,得出苜蓿异黄酮最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度60%,料液比13∶5,提取温度50℃,提取时间1.5h。在此最佳条件下苜蓿异黄酮的提取量为17.12mg·g-1,粗提物得率为26.15%,粗提物纯度为2.94%。     

异黄酮对雄性大鼠芳香化酶活性及骨骼肌生长的影响

研究3种异黄酮(Da、IPF和7HF)对雄性大鼠芳香化酶活性及骨骼肌生长的影响。试验选用20只28日龄雄性SD大鼠,随机分成4组,每组5只,其中1组为对照组,另外3组在每千克日粮中分别添加5mg的Da、IPF和7HF。实验结果表明,Da、IPF和7HF均能升高腿肌中RNA／DNA的比值,分别较对照组升高了19．09％、9．09％和15．45%;同时显增加血清中睾酮的含量,降低血清中雌二醇的含量,抑制睾丸组织中芳香化酶的活性。提示异黄酮(Da、IPF、7HF)通过抑制芳香化酶活性而降低睾酮向雌二醇的转化,使体内睾酮含量升高,有助于促进动物的生长发育。     

菌种对腐乳前发酵过程中大豆异黄酮含量的影响

分别以雅致放射毛霉Actinomucor elegans、五通桥毛霉Mucor wutungkiao和少孢根霉Rhizopusoligosporus．saito为菌种,研究菌种种类及菌种接种量、发酵时间对腐乳前发酵过程中异黄酮含量(质量分数)的影响．结果表明：不同菌种的前发酵腐乳,其异黄酮含量变化有显著差异,少孢根霉前发酵腐乳异黄酮含量较五通桥毛霉和雅致放射毛霉分别高90％和133％．     

大豆异黄酮干预肥胖大鼠肝氧化应激及炎症反应

本研究旨在探究不同剂量大豆异黄酮(soy isoflavones,SIF)干预肥胖大鼠后肝的氧化应激及炎症反应情况。准备80只SD大鼠,普通饲料喂养16只SD大鼠做空白对照;高脂饲料喂养64只SD大鼠9周建立肥胖大鼠模型,将64只模型大鼠随机分成4组,每组16只,大豆异黄酮(0、150、300、450 mg·kg^-1)灌喂,每周定期测量体重,连续干预4周。取肝脏组织,苏木素-伊红(Hematoxylin-Eosin,HE)染色观察肝脏组织形态学结构;检测肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性;荧光定量PCR方法检测肝脏组织中促炎因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达。组织病理学发现,肥胖大鼠出现典型的肝细胞脂肪变性伴肝组织炎性损伤,肝SOD、CAT和GSH-Px水平降低,IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α mRNA表达水平升高。大豆异黄酮干预后,各剂量组肝组织病理损伤得到改善,抗氧化因子活性显著提高并呈剂量效应,促炎因子表达水平显著下调。大豆异黄酮可逆转肥胖致肝组织病理损伤和提高肝脏抗氧化活性,下调肥胖相关促炎因子基因的表达,上述结果可为大豆异黄酮的应用开发提供参考。