辐照对肉味香精蛋白质及氨基酸组分的影响

研究了辐照处理对常见肉味香精中蛋白质和氨基酸的影响。结果表明,在不同剂量(0、2、4、6、8和10kGy)辐照处理下,除牛肉香精外,猪肉香精和鸡肉香精的蛋白质含量均有所变化,但4~10kGy剂量处理间差异不明显;辐照处理对游离氨基酸总量及其种类没有明显作用。     

~(60)Coγ射线辐照扶芳藤枝条的表型变异研究

用60Coγ射线辐照扶芳藤枝条,扦插苗平均分枝数与辐照剂量呈极显著负相关。随着辐照剂量的增大,倾斜和匍匐生长的植株比例呈增加趋势。80 Gy处理有利于使植株的叶色在冬季仍保持绿色。V1代筛选出株高、平均节长、粗/长、叶形指数、叶面积以及枝条枯梢、分叉、叶序变化等性状的变异体。     

辐照对苦荞种子发芽及苗期细胞膜与保护酶活性的影响

利用不同剂量(100~500Gy)的60Coγ射线辐照处理3个苦荞品种的干种子,研究γ射线对苦荞幼苗的性状、膜透性和保护酶活性的生物学效应。结果表明,3个苦荞品种的发芽率、苗高、根长随着辐照剂量的增加逐渐降低,细胞膜透性、丙二醛含量、SOD酶活性和POD酶活性则逐渐增加,但在0~300Gy剂量辐照范围内的晋荞2号和九江苦荞的SOD酶活性呈现增加-降低-增加的趋势。γ射线对不同品种各性状产生的影响程度也不同,3个品种辐照敏感性依次为九江苦荞>西农1号>晋荞2号。     

魔芋辐照接枝丙烯酸及其产物吸水性能的研究

研究了魔芋-丙烯酸辐照接枝共聚条件及产物的吸水性能,结果表明接枝最佳配方为:魔芋粉∶丙烯酸∶NaOH(9.5mol/L)∶水=3g∶21ml∶17.8ml∶131ml。丙烯酸与魔芋粉配比为7∶1(体积质量比);丙烯酸中和度55%;辐照后胶体最佳烘干温度30℃,该温度下40~80目颗粒吸水倍数较大,常温120min时达最大吸水866.5倍。温度对产物吸水和胶体保水有一定影响,以60℃以下为宜。pH对产物吸水倍数影响明显,但不及离子浓度对产物吸水倍数的影响大。     

Assessment of short-term mortality of granary weevil,Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) triggered by different microwave irradiation powers

Abstract

The insecticidal efficacy of microwave irradiation against the at 12, 24, 48 and 72?h following exposure to microwave irradiations (100, 300?W) and the progeny production was assessed 45?days later. Linearly increasing irradiation power range (100, 200 and 300?W) was set up for determining mortality tendency. An increase of insect mortality caused by higher irradiation period and times elapsed after treatment has become evident commencing from 12?h after the treatment, which has significantly decreased at later elapsed time after treatment. The irradiation periods inducing the highest mortality at the examined powers were at 10?min and at 100?W power (72?h: 64.93%) and at 4.5?min. and at 300?W power (12?h: 87.01). In addition, a complete suppression of progeny production was achieved by 4.5?min treatment at 300?W power. Lognormal-type mortality process was caused by the linearly increased irradiation range. The properly chosen microwave irradiation can be used for management of Sitophilus granarius larval and adult developmental stages. This treatment could provide an effective and friendly environmental treatment technique in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program.     

Immunomodulatory effect of γ‐irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides on immunosuppressed broilers

In this study, we irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) using 25 kGy ⁶⁰Co γ ray to obtain γ‐irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides (IAPS) and then investigated the effects of IAPS on growth performance and immune function of cyclophosphamide (CPM)‐treated broilers. The physicochemical properties of APS and IAPS (molecular weight, water solubility, viscosity, morphological and structural properties) were evaluated. Then, 384 one‐day‐old Arbor Acres broiler chicks with similar initial weight were randomly assigned into 6 groups: the non‐treated group (control), and CPM‐treated groups were fed either a basal diet or the diets containing 900 mg/kg APS, or 900, 600, 300 mg/kg IAPS, respectively. On days 16, 18, and 20, all broilers except for the control group were intramuscularly injected with 0.5 ml CPM (40 mg/kg·BW). Broilers in the control group were intramuscularly injected with 0.5 ml sterilized saline (0.75%, wt/vol). This trial lasted for 21 days. The physicochemical treatment showed that γ irradiation could decrease the molecular weight and viscosity, and increase the water solubility of APS (p < 0.05), whereas the structural properties of APS was not affected. In the animal trial, 900 mg/kg APS or 900, 600 mg/kg IAPS relieved the decreased growth performance, thymus index, T lymphocytes proliferation, serum IgG concentration, NOS activity and the increased blood heterophil:lymphocyte ratio in CPM‐treated broilers (p < 0.05). CPM‐induced decreases in B lymphocytes proliferation and serum IgM concentration were only increased by IAPS at 900 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Overall, both APS and IAPS alleviated CPM‐induced immunosuppression. Especially, IAPS possessed better immunomodulatory effect than APS, indicating that γ irradiation could be used as an effective method to enhance the immunomodulatory activity of APS.     

Characterization of Gamma Ray Induced Clones in ‘Giant Cavendish’ Banana (AAA) for Morphological and Yield Contributing Traits

Multiple shoot cultures of ‘Giant Cavendish’ banana cultivar were gamma ray irradiated at 10 Gy and field evaluated for their performance. Among the clones obtained, a semi dwarf variant was selected and multiplied through tissue culture. These clones along with control were established at the Experimental Farm, Kaiga, Karnataka during 2013. Morphological and yield contributing traits showed a wide range of values as compared to the control. Two clones, TBM-2 and TBM-6, were dwarf as against control and late flowering but attained maturity much before the control plants. TBM-8 variant showed substantial increase in the fruit area as against the control. Plant height exhibited negative correlation with number of suckers and fruit circumference while bunch weight showed negative correlation with days to flowering and number of fingers. Cluster analysis based on the Euclidean distances formed three distinct groups. The clones identified in this study have shown the potential of gamma rays in bringing genetic changes in agronomically important traits of banana.     

苎麻核诱变育种技术及效果分析

用＾６０Ｃｏγ射线５００－１００Ｇｙ辐照,成功选育出高产,优质,抗性强和区域适应性广等优良特性为一体的苎麻新品种圆叶青和７４６９。苎麻不同器官的辐射敏感性不同,辐照苎麻种子的适宜剂量为５０－３００Ｇｙ,辐照地下茎的适宜剂量为２０－９０Ｇｙ。辐照苎麻种子Ｍ１能发生明显的变异分离,其诱变率可提高１２．７０％－５２．８３％。因此,在Ｍ１即可进行严格的选择,并采用无性系繁殖技术,固定其优良性状,扩大其群体     

同步辐射(软X、紫外)辐照麦类作物种子的诱变效应

同步辐射（软Ｘ,超软Ｘ射线）辐照麦类作物种子的生物学效应显。Ｍ１代出现条状叶绿素缺失,其出现率高达４０％－１００％〈其中大麦的缺失有４种类型,这在γ辐照中没有出现。Ｍ２工出现了宽的突变谱,最高达９种类型的突变,其最高总突变率为γ射线的２．７倍,有益突变率为γ射线的５．７倍。     

离子注入水稻种子萌发过程中的自由基和SOD酶研究

用能量30Kw_1剂量6×10~(16)N~ /cm~2的氮离子束辐照水稻早籼品种广陆矮4号,用ESR波谱术和氮蓝四唑(NBT)还原法测定水稻种子萌发过程中的自由基和SOD酶的变化.在室温和低温下测定离子注入水稻干种子的ESR谱,结果表明:辐照后的水稻干种子有较高的自由基产额;低温测定ESR波谱显现出二条谱峰,这为糖和蛋白质在电离辐射作用下产生的特征峰.种子萌发过程中的自由基变化是在种子吸水8小时时自由基浓度锐减,16小时降至最低点;自由基清除酶之一SOD酶,随着吸水时间的增加,酶活性逐渐增加,SOD酶的清除作用主要表现在生物体内源自由基的清除.最后生物体内自由基和SOD酶形成动态平衡.