南亚热带人工林树种种间联结分析及经营模式设计

森林发展类型是以森林经营的经济需求和技术可行性相结合的森林经营模式。设计未来森林目标、树种选择和经营措施是森林经营设计中亟待解决的重要技术环节。采用多物种方差比值(VR),χ2检验,Pearson相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数以及Ochiai指数,Dice指数,Jaccard指数和AC联结系数对20个人工林优势种进行种间关联分析。结果表明:种对间的极显著正相关种对数比例较小,群落正处在演替早期阶段;马尾松和红椎、大叶栎的种对间有显著正联结,正联结的种对数较少且程度相对较弱,其余种对无联结或不显著的正、负联结居多。以种间联结为指标来量化树种搭配配置,通过树种结构调整、乡土珍贵树种选择,设计科学的混交种植经营模式,以期实现多样化、高价值和稳定的人工林格局。     

野鸢尾和射干种间杂交F_2代主要性状变异分析

通过观测野鸢尾(Iris dichotoma)×射干(I.domestica)杂交F2代群体(n=61)中每一个体的株高、花径、花数、花色和彩斑等14个表型性状,对F2代与双亲性状差异、群体性状变异、主要性状间遗传相关性及花色遗传变异等方面进行分析,以明确F2群体性状变异特点,指导夏季开花鸢尾育种实践。结果表明:F2代12个性状中,8个性状的观测值居于双亲之间;除花朵直径和花朵数量外,花葶长等10个性状基本均呈正态分布,属多基因控制的数量性状;性状之间存在一定相关性,外花被长与内花被长和外花被宽与内花被宽的相关度最高,相关系数分别为0.821和0.734,趋于连锁遗传;对颜色性状的分析结果表明花色和花瓣彩斑的遗传由不同基因调控,但都是由多个基因共同控制。野鸢尾×射干F2代群体的花朵直径、花朵数量、花葶长及花色变异丰富,利于大花、多花、花葶矮生和奇异花色的优良单株的选择。     

水稻OsRbohB基因原位杂交载体的构建 及其在花药中的表达分析

为研究水稻呼吸爆发氧化酶基因OsRbohB在花药中特定的表达模式,构建了原位杂交探针载体Pbsk-OsRbohB,通过体外转录获得DIG标记的原位杂交探针,以不同发育时期的水稻花药为材料进行原位杂交试验.结果发现,OsRbohB基因主要在水稻花药发育第8～10期的绒毡层和小孢子中表达,在第9期达到高峰,第10期开始下降.推测OsRbohB主要参与水稻花药早期的发育,该研究为进一步研究OsRbohB基因在水稻活性氧产生中的作用提供参考.     

银川平原芦苇群落植物种间关系研究

以银川平原芦苇群落作为研究对象,运用野外调查法对芦苇群落进行研究,采用x2检验和Spearman秩相关分析检验研究银川平原芦苇群落的种间关联性,并对种间关联的结果进行生态分析.结果表明:银川平原芦苇群落主要的植物构成包括20种18属14科.银川平原芦苇群落主要种群种间呈显著或极显著相关的种对数较少,仅占总种对数的47.89％,其中呈显著正相关种对数的只有20.00％,所占比例均较小,负相关及不相关的种对数占总的种对数的80.00％,所占比重较大.按照其分布的环境条件可划分为4个生态种组,即水生植物种组、湿生植物种组、中生植物种组、中旱生植物种组.     

Development and application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method for simple and rapid identification of the toxic dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense and Alexandrium catenella in cultured and natural seawater

ABSTRACT:   The toxic dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense (Lebour) Balech and A. catenella (Whedon and Kofoid) Balech produce potent neurotoxins, such as saxitoxin and gonyautoxin and have been mainly responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in Japan. To prevent a negative effect on the fishery industry, it is necessary to identify these toxic species precisely and rapidly before and during the bloom. In this paper, a rapid and simple protocol of a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method using ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-targeted probes has been established for identifying the cultured strains and natural cells of A. tamarense and A. catenella . Using the FISH method established in this study, it was possible to identify these toxic species species-specifically and rapidly, within 30 min. The procedure of detection constituted three steps: (i) fixation/dehydration; (ii) hybridization; and (iii) washing; this made the identification simple. Moreover, this method did not require either special techniques or equipment, and the cost for detection was low. The specificity, rapidity, and simplicity of the developed method suggest that it might be useful for routine monitoring of these toxic microalgae.     

奥利亚罗非鱼（♀）、鳜（♂）及其子代间遗传关系的研究

罗非鱼生长快、味道好,是人们喜爱的鱼类,现已是世界性养殖鱼类,但它不能忍受低温,因此影响其养殖业的进一步发展。鳜则是名贵性鱼类,但其终生摄食活的鱼虾,这也限制了其养殖的发展。奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromisaurea)属鲈形目、鲡鱼科,鳜(Sinipercachuatsi)属鲈形目、脂科,它们间的杂交为科间杂交。鱼类科间杂交成功率很低,种间杂交有时可获得具有双亲性状的杂种鱼,有时也可发生雌核发育[1]。本研究中奥利亚罗非鱼雌鱼性染色体为ZW,其卵子如能在鳜精子刺激下行雌核发育,则可在短时间获得奥利亚罗非鱼纯系。在本文中,利用RAPD标记,对…     

Identification of a telomere sequence type in three sponge species (Porifera) by fluorescence <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> hybridization analysis

The telomere sequence type (TTAGGG)_n is known to be distributed in various phyla in the Animalia and in Mastigophora (Protista). However, the telomere type of Porifera (sponges), a phylum comprising the lowest multicellular animals, has not been reported. In this study, we examined the three sponge species Leucetta chagosensis, Halichondria japonica, and Halichondria panicea for the presence of the telomere type (TTAGGG)_n by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The oligonucleotide probe (TTAGGG)₇ clearly displayed signals on the interphase nuclei of all three sponges. In contrast, the (TTAGG)₇ probe, which has one base fewer than (TTAGGG)₇, did not display the signals. These results suggest that the telomeres of the three sponges consist of (TTAGGG)_n, which is identical to the sequence type found in many higher multicellular animals and in Mastigophora. Additionally, this is the first study to reveal a telomere sequence type for Porifera. Moreover, these results suggest that Porifera are phylogenetically related to Mastigophora, and supports the general theory that Porifera evolved from Mastigophora. Further, this study strongly suggests that the origin of the (TTAGGG)_n telomere sequence is to be found in a common ancestor of either the Bilateria and Porifera, or the Protista.     

干旱胁迫下新源1号新疆野苹果抑制性差减文库的构建与初步分析

为分离和鉴定新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii Roem.)根组织干旱胁迫条件下差异表达的基因,以苗龄为3个月的新源1号新疆野苹果水培苗为材料,应用20%PEG 6000溶液处理模拟干旱胁迫,利用抑制性差减杂交(SSH)的方法构建了新疆野苹果根组织干旱胁迫诱导表达差减文库(正库)和抑制表达差减文库(反库).正库和反库随机各挑菌500个,菌落PCR显示插入片段在250~1000 bp之间.测序鉴定后共得到268个有效UniESTs.经Blastx和Blastn等生物信息学方法分析表明全部的UniESTs按可能的生物学功能可被分为16个大类,包括新陈代谢、能量、转录、蛋白质合成、蛋白质修饰降解、DNA加工、细胞信号转导等.     

蓝粒小麦4Ag染色体的显微分离与鉴定

本研究采用显微分离技术从蓝粒小麦(Triticum aestivum L.(2n=6x=42)×Thinopyrum ponticum Liu &Wang(2n=10x=70))根尖细胞中期分裂相中分离出具有4Ag染色体形态特征的单条染色体,对分离后的细胞进行原位杂交(FISH),结果显示细胞中所剩的和显微分离到的单条染色体均为4Ag染色体.利用Sau3A接头介导的PCR方法对分离出的单条4Ag染色体进行体外扩增,扩增的DNA片段大小约为200～2 000 bp,主要集中在250～750 bp之间.以DIG-dUTP标记的蓝粒基因组DNA为探针,与该扩增产物进行Southern杂交,结果表明显微分离出的染色体得到了有效的扩增.利用该分离染色体的PCR扩增产物为探针,对蓝粒小麦进行原位杂交,证明显微分离的染色体体外扩增片段确实来源于4Ag染色体.本研究拓宽了染色体显微分离的范围,为构建4Ag染色体文库和克隆位于该染色体上的重要农艺性状基因提供了新途径.