不同饲养标准对杜寒杂交肉用绵羊生产和屠宰性能的影响

本试验通过比较不同饲养标准杜寒杂交肉用绵羊增重、器官发育、屠宰性能及肉品质的差异,确定适宜的饲养标准。采用单因素试验设计,选取体重为(28.30±0.86)kg的杜寒杂交F1代肉羊600只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复50只。4组分别饲喂按照以下饲养标准配制的饲粮:本实验室(中国农业科学院饲料研究所农业部饲料生物技术重点实验室)提出的杜寒杂交肉用绵羊饲养标准、美国NRC(2007)、英国AFRC(1993)以及我国农业行业标准的《肉羊饲养标准》(NY/T 816—2004),分别记为CARS、NRC、AFRC和HB。试验期81 d,每3 d记录1次采食量,每20 d进行1次称重,当CARS组羊只的平均体重达到44 kg时,每组选取10只羊进行屠宰,测定其屠宰性能、组织器官重量和肉品质等指标。结果表明:不同组羊只的实际干物质采食量,NRC组AFRC组CARS组HB组,其中NRC组与CARS和HB组间差异显著(P0.05),其他组间差异均不显著(P0.05);平均日增重和胴体重,CARS、HB、AFRC组间差异均不显著(P0.05),且均显著高于NRC组(P0.05);饲料转化率各组间存在显著差异(P0.05),CARS组HB组AFRC组NRC组;屠宰率,CARS组显著高于NRC组(P0.05),与HB、AFRC组间差异均不显著(P0.05);CARS组羊只的心脏、肝脏、肾脏重量占宰前活重比例显著高于其他组(P0.05);背最长肌失水率、肌肉色亮度、红度和黄度值,各组间均无显著性差异(P0.05)。结果提示,杜寒杂交肉羊在不同饲养标准下的实际日增重200~220g,从增重和屠宰性能上来看,CARS制订的饲养标准与国外饲养标准相比具有明显优势。     

天然林保护工程封山育林国家投资标准探讨

以重庆市涪陵区2012年天保工程封山育林规划设计概算为依据，将涪陵区现行天保工程封山育林按国家标准的投资进行细分，在此基础上结合实际情况进行重新调整，提出了天保工程封山育林新标准，为确定天保工程封山育林标准提供参考。     

环式刨片机行业标准修订研究

阐述了刨花板行业发展现状,介绍了国内外环式刨片机的主要技术参数及环式刨片机行业标准修订的意义、方法、原则和主要内容.     

有机认证新标准的解析及对我国有机蔬菜产业的影响

最近发布实施的有机产品认证新标准对有机产品认证提出了更加严格的要求。通过对新标准的解析,系统阐述了新标准对有机蔬菜在生产资料选择、生产过程中的轮作、产品的检测、销售和质量追溯体系建立等方面的要求,分析了新标准对今后我国有机蔬菜产业发展的影响。     

芝麻油纯度检验地方标准的改进实验

阐述了《芝麻油纯度检验方法》的修订意义、工作任务来源以及与原标准的技术差异和重要测定环节;详细叙述了芝麻油纯度定性、定量检验方法、原理和所需试剂、仪器设备等。     

家具包装设计及实例

家具包装作为现代家具生产不可分割的一部分,对保障货物储存、运输和销售各个阶段起着重要的作用。论文从包装定位、装潢设计、包装尺寸的确定、包装容器的结构设计、包装零部件位置摆放及封箱处理等进行阐述,以婴儿床为案例进行包装设计。     

新农村 新村务

新农村建设为村务公开增加了新的活力,村务公开促进了新农村建设的发展,两者相互促进、密不可分。在新农村建设中落实村务公开是新农村建设的重要内容、也是村务公开的重要任务。     

照明效果及照度标准在设计中的应用

现代电气照明是一门技术与艺术相结合的学科。照明设计作为照明技术成果的体现,是完成各种照明设施的手段,它不仅涉及照明理论,光源研究、照明器研制、建筑设计及色彩调配、灯光分布等工程内容,更强调照明生理学及照明心理学。故在设计中应力求达到上述要求,并注意整体效果及艺术效果。     

中国与欧美农业科技创新体系对比研究

农业科技创新发展已成为推动现代农业发展的重要原动力。近年来,中国步入农业科技创新发展的快车道,为探寻建立健全中国农业科技创新体系的路径与方法,对美国、英国、德国与中国的农业科技创新体系进行对比。结果表明：①农业产业的特殊性决定农业科技创新体系的特殊性,农业科技创新主体、农业科技创新环境、农业科技创新成果与应用、农业科技创新国际合作相互作用,构成完整的农业科技创新体系。②产学研紧密结合是美国农业科技创新体系的突出特点,英国则是注重政府引导、信息共享与知识服务,德国是信息化生态型农业科技创新体系代表,注重信息引领与绿色、可持续发展。③与欧美农业科技创新体系相比,我国农业科技创新体系仍存在一些不足,未来可从协调统筹、规划建设、队伍与机制建设等方面入手,全面推动我国农业科技创新体系发展建设。     

Experimental Pathological Study of Acute African Swine Fever

To study the clinicopathology and histopathology of African swine fever (ASF), and to explore the internal relationship between pathological changes and disease occurrence and development and its pathological mechanism, 13 Landrace pigs with bodyweight about 20 kg were intramuscular injected with African swine fever virus (ASFV), strain Pig/HLJ/18 at a dose of 10²HAD₅₀·mL^-1. During the experiment, all the dead pigs were systematically dissected and sampled, paraffin sections were produced, and haematoxylin-eosin staining was performed. Clinicopathological evaluation standards for acute ASF were established, then pathological lesions (classification variables) were expressed by counting frequency and percentage, and the lesion degree (continuous variables) was graded and scored according to different pathological changes of various tissues and organs. The results showed that all infected pigs were in line with the clinical characteristics of ASF, including acute, febrile and highly infectious, with a 100% incidence rate and 100% mortality. The dead pigs showed typical characteristics of septicemia, cadavers prone to corruption, blood clotting adverse or hemolysis, rigor mortis incomplete. The main pathological lesions were hemorrhagic necrotizing lymphadenitis, acute inflammatory splenomegaly (septic spleen), cerebral edema, pulmonary edema and lung consolidation et al. The spleen and lymphonodus are the target organs attacked by ASFV, with the most significant lesions, the earliest occurrence time, the longest duration and the highest frequency. The most prominent pathological changes are blood circulation disorders, including multiple pathological manifestations such as edema, hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage, infarction, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and the most important characteristics are hemorrhagic lesions. The inflammatory reaction of lymphocytic exudation caused by ASFV runs through the whole process, especially in the middle and later stages of the course. The results suggest that the main pathological process of acute African swine fever is a typical immune/inflammatory cascade reaction and severe systemic blood circulation disorder, which resulted in the high incidence rate and high mortality rate of acute ASF.