中国鲜切花显性国际竞争力分析

采用联合国Comtrade数据库的鲜切花贸易数据,利用国际市场占有率、显示性比较优势指数、贸易竞争力指数、进出口价格比、质量升级指数及质量竞争力指数等评价指标,对2002—2011年主要鲜切花出口国及中国的鲜切花显性国际竞争力的业绩与质量进行实证分析与比较。结果表明:中国鲜切花具有一定的国际竞争力; 中国鲜切花出口比进口具有更高的附加值; 中国鲜切花出口质量呈上升趋势。     

Aquaculture and international trade

Abstract

In contrast to the stabilization or decline of wild fishery harvests, aquaculture's contribution to the world fish supply is steadily increasing. Aquaculture has begun to have a major influence on the trade of export‐orientated species such as salmon and shrimp. This paper reviews the role of aquaculture in international trade and the research which has been conducted to examine its influence. Despite the growing significance of aquaculture on international trade, especially for shrimp and salmon, formal analysis of the shrimp trade is sparse, only moderate for salmon, and essentially nonexistent for other species. This paper also presents specific examples of how aquaculture has played an important role in international trade. These include an examination of: (1) the influence of shrimp aquaculture and trade on the development of a shrimp futures contract; and (2) the countervailing duty and antidumping case against the Norwegian farmed salmon industry.     

ECONOMICS OF AQUACULTURE AND INVASIVE AQUATIC SPECIES—AN OVERVIEW

Aquaculture production and invasive species are intricately linked. Invasives enter waterways threatening production, increasing costs, and diminishing grower returns. Live plants and animals introduced for economic production escape their confines and establish in the wild. This paper provides an overview of the dominant issues illustrated with cases from around the world.     

我国木质林产品贸易与森林生态安全耦合度研究

“两头在外”是我国林产品贸易的典型特征, 它意味着对国内和国外森林资源的大量消耗。木质林产品贸易和森林生态安全的协调是开放条件下实现我国森林可持续发展的必经之路。文中运用耦合理论研究1961-2010年我国木质林产品贸易和森林生态安全之间的协调问题, 结论认为:1)2004之前森林生态安全指数高于木质林产品贸易指数, 2005-2008年则低于木质林产品贸易指数, 1991年之后木质林产品贸易指数的波动幅度显著大于森林生态安全指数。2)1961-1999年森林生态安全指数与木质林产品贸易指数的协调状态在初级协调和勉强协调之间波动; 2000年之后二者的协调进入稳定阶段, 并在2003年由初级协调进入中级协调阶段。     

有关油气田企业投标国际工程项目问题的思考

承揽国际石油工程项目对于我国油气田企业的发展有着至关重要的意义。国际石油工程项目在资格预审、招标文件、投标报价、合同条件和技术规范等方面有其自身特点。针对油气田企业投标国际石油工程项目存在的工程造价管理体制落后、投标文件质量缺乏保障、投标报价技巧欠佳等问题,提出了建立健全信息文件资料库、完善资格预审、高度重视招标文件、...     

中美渔业科技合作现状与发展趋势的计量学分析

为了对今后渔业科技国际合作政策与措施的拟定提供思路与科学依据。以科学引文索引数据库扩展版收录的中国近30年（1980-2010年）的中美渔业国际科技合著论文为研究对象,基于科学计量学方法分析研究了中美渔业合著科技论文的发文量、发文随时间的变化态势、学科分布、机构分布、作者分析、以及研究方向的分布及相关性等态势,揭示了近30年中美渔业领域所开展的国际合作的基本现状与发展趋势。     

Socio-Economic and Scientific Impact Created by Whitefly-Transmitted,Plant-Virus Disease Resistant Tomato Varieties in Southern India

Research carried out to assess the impact of open-pollinated Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV)-resistant tomatoes and hybrids on the livelihoods of resource-poor farmers in Southern India is described and discussed. Three high-yielding ToLCV-resistant tomato varieties were developed initially using conventional breeding and screening techniques involving inoculation by ToLCV-viruliferous whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. In 2003 and 2004, respectively, these varieties were released officially by the Karnataka State Seed Committee and the Indian Ministry of Agriculture through notification in the Gazette of India. From 2003 to 2005, eleven seed companies bought breeder seed of the ToLCV-resistant varieties and used them to begin breeding F₁ hybrids from them. Socio-economic studies carried out to assess the benefits obtained from growing the ToLCV-resistant varieties found that farmers could gain up to 10 times the profit by growing the ToLCV-resistant varieties compared to the pre-existing ToLCV-susceptible varieties. Adoption of ToLCV-resistant tomatoes was also associated with reduced pesticide use. Extra income from tomato sales was prioritised by farmers to pay for children's education, better nutrition and medicines. In a joint effort with the commercial seed sector in India, a promotional field day was organised in 2007. As well as the three ToLCV-resistant varieties, 62 ToLCV-resistant hybrid tomatoes were exhibited during a farmer-field day by 17 commercial seed companies and several public institutes. Tomatoes with ToLCV-resistance are now grown widely in South India and seeds of the three open-pollinated varieties have been distributed to more than 12 countries. In 2007, a conservative estimate of the financial-benefit to cost of the research ratio was already more than 837:1.     

基于SWOT分析的陕西苹果国际竞争力提升策略

我国是世界苹果生产大国,陕西是我国苹果生产大省。近年来,陕西苹果产业在高速发展中已成长为陕西农业的支柱。本文通过对陕西苹果产业的SWOT(Strength,Weak-ness,Opportunity and Threat)分析,分析了陕西苹果产业所存在的优势和劣势,所面临的机遇和挑战,指出了陕西苹果进军国际市场正当其时,并从价格竞争力、品质竞争力、信誉竞争力三个方面测算了陕西苹果国际竞争力的提升潜力。并在此基础上,从加强原产地保护,进行标准化生产和经营;提高苹果采后商品化处理及加工水平;支持苹果协会的发展,逐步推进苹果产业化经营;打造陕西绿色苹果大品牌;全力打造陕西苹果新的营销模式;充分利用WTO(WorldTrade Organization)"绿箱政策"提高陕西苹果国际竞争力,六个方面提出了一些提升陕西苹果国际竞争力的策略。     

引进国外智力对我国现代农业发展的作用研究

我国农业技术水平较低,基础条件薄弱,社会化服务体系不完善,农业产业化发展才刚刚起步,引进国外智力对我国农业现代化发展具有重要意义。如何评价引进国外智力对我国现代农业发展的作用,是一个具有理论价值和实践意义的课题。本文通过案例分析认为,引进国外智力能够促进我国农业生产力提高,加速农业结构调整和产业化发展的进程,促进我国农业的可持续发展,在现阶段我国农业产业发展中具有重要的推动作用。我国今后要继续扩大引智工作的覆盖范围,积极引进和自主创新相结合,关键点是着力提高引智成果的转化率和受益面。     

国际重要数据库收录中国医学期刊现状与提高中国医学期刊国际地位的建议

收集了美国、英国、德国、俄罗斯、日本、荷兰、波兰、菲律宾等国家28种国际重要数据库收录中国（含台湾、香港、澳门）期刊情况;截至2011年3月20日,共收录2 324种,其中医学期刊610种。详细介绍了SCI、MEDLINE、CA、BA、INSPEC等18个国际重要数据库收录中国医学期刊情况,简要介绍了国际数据库遴选期刊的要求。15年来,中国高校科技期刊研究会、中国科学技术期刊编辑学会国际检索系统咨询部（以下简称“国际部”）通过多次与各大国际检索机构联系、沟通,逐步掌握了各国际数据库的规模、学科范围、遴选新刊标准,陆续推荐了300余种中国医学期刊,并产生了明显效果。建议中国期刊积极贯彻国家标准,遵循国际标准和惯例,不断提高期刊的质量,包括英文摘要的质量,促进中国期刊与国际文献编排格式接轨,不断提高中国医学期刊在国际文献领域的学术地位。