诱导番茄同源四倍体的研究

人工诱导番茄四倍体,当作遗传传递的工具,有重要的育种用途。籍助染色体重组工程,诱导番茄多倍化,实现基因转移,不仅可获得座果多而品质好的番茄新品系。还可克服远缘杂交中的不亲和性、杂种不孕性等,从而培育新品种。试验结果表明:用中等剂量的秋水仙素处理减数分裂前的细胞,并结合涂抹幼苗生长点的方法,产生番茄四倍体的频率大,植株茎部粗壮,叶色深而宽厚,座果多而果实大。但需加强田间管理,才可在生产中应用。     

中国农作物商业化育种现状及发展对策

摘 要：近年来,在国外种子企业冲击下,国内种业全线动摇,市场的控制权面临易手,农作物安全遭遇挑战[1]。为了探讨开展农作物商业化育种的科学方法,通过对当前中国商业化育种现状与国外种业存在的差距进行了较为详尽的分析,阐述了当前我国种业发展的新形势,分析了科技型种子企业、成长型棉种子企业和经营型种子企业实现商业化育种的途径。总结出商业化育种的概念,提出了中国农作物商业化育种总体目标、育种途径和育种策略,认为中国要成为世界种业强国,必需拥有国际一流的跨国种业集团,以及分工明确的现代种业创新体系和先进高效的商业化育种模式。     

Characteristics of recombinant lines of lentil L. culinaris × L. orientalis

As a result of interspecific hybridization of lentil Lens culinaris with wild species L. orientalis, breeding lines recombinant on the basis of flower color, seed coat, and cotyledon have been created. The availability of recombinations in progeny of hybrids is proven by RAPD-analysis. According to morphological characteristics, the best breeding lines are close to cultural varieties and may be used as initial material for breeding.     

Introduction and Utilization of INGER Rice Germplasm in China

The International Network for Genetic Evaluation of Rice (INGER) is a global partnership between international and national agricultural research institutions. INGER focuses on worldwide exchange, evaluation and utilization of improved varieties and elite breeding lines of rice. China has actively participated in the activities of INGER since 1980.During the pasted years, 26 500 INGER entries with diversity genetic background have been introduced and evaluated by Chinese scientists. Among of them, 37 commercial varieties directly from elite INGER entries and 27 rice hybrids using INGER lines as their restorer lines/donors have been released to farmers in China. About 1 900 INGER entries were indirectly utilized as cross parents or pest resistant donors in various national and provincial rice breeding programs. Based on the incomplete statistics, there were 14.5million cumulated hectares planting these varieties and hybrids, from which 5.44 MT of increased rough rice has been received by farmers. INGER accelerates the transfer of adapted varieties and hybrids to farmers, and increases the diversity of rice germplasm in cultivation. Therefore, INGER cooperation has made great benefit both in economy and society in China.     

甘蓝型油菜杂交种混播制种效应

利用甘蓝型油菜隐性无蜡粉遗传标记杂交组合对混播制种效应进行了研究。2002、2003、2004和2007共4个年度的研究结果表明,混播制种比行播制种产量年度平均高18．7％,杂种率高5．1％,纯杂种产量高20．1％。混播制种的增效主要得益于父本植株在田间均衡的分布和良好的个体发育。混播制种法在油菜遗传标记杂种、抗除草剂杂种、掺合杂种等方向上具有潜在应用价值。     

近10年国家审定水稻品种分析

分析了2006 ～2015年国审水稻品种情况.10a间平均每年审定49.4个品种.在品种结构上,三系杂交稻品种比例呈现下降趋势,两系杂交稻品种比例快速增长;科研院校选育的品种数量呈下降趋势,以种业公司为主体的商业化育种快速发展,逐渐成为水稻育种的主要模式.在品质结构上,审定的常规稻品种优质率较高,杂交稻优质率呈下降趋势,品质改良亟需加强.     

农户不同时期番茄种植选择行为及影响因素分析

[目的]通过对新疆昌吉市182个番茄种植户的实地调查,分析农户不同时期番茄种植选择行为及影响因素.[方法]采用统计分析和Multinomial logit多元选择计量模型.[结果]农户选择种植不同时期番茄面临不同的产出、价格及风险因素,农户基本特征、农户家庭基本特征和番茄种植基本特征使得农户选择种植不同时期的番茄.[结论]相比种植晚期番茄而言,户主年龄、文化程度、种植规模等因素对农户选择种植早期番茄有负向显著影响;而户主年龄、种田经验年数、番茄采用灌溉方式、是否参加番茄订单等因素对农户选择种植中期番茄有正向显著影响.     

盐胁迫对樱桃番茄幼苗形态指标的影响

盐害是樱桃番茄设施栽培中面临的主要问题之一。为了给樱桃番茄抗盐育种提供理论依据和参考,本研究以耐盐性差异显著的两个品种京丹5号和小圆枣为试材,研究了不同浓度的盐胁迫对樱桃番茄幼苗形态指标的影响。结果表明:相对于株高和根长,叶面积的减小对盐胁迫更为敏感。153 mmol/L的NaCl胁迫15d时的主根长对樱桃番茄品种间耐盐性的区分有一定的参考作用。     

海南（南繁）水稻制种天气指数保险可行性研究

海南（南繁）的水稻制种不仅是全省育制种业的核心组成部分,其产量还在全国水稻制 种市场中占据了八成份额,海南作为一个自然灾害（例如台风）多发的省份,海南（南繁）的水稻制 种业的发展一直面临着较大挑战。海南省自2011 年建立南繁水稻制种保险以来,保险产品得到 不断优化,保险覆盖率不断提升,有效解除了种植户的后顾之忧,对稳定和扩大南繁制种的面积 起到了重要作用。然而,目前海南（南繁）的水稻制种保险还存在诸如保险品种单一、逆向选择严 重、承保单位长期经营亏损等亟需解决的问题。结合海南（南繁）水稻制种实际,积极探索和完善 水稻制种保险,对提高制种农民参保积极性,促进水稻制种保险可持续发展具有重大意义。本研 究拟在农业保险和农业气象学理论基础上,结合对海南、四川、福建三地的实地调研,对海南水稻 制种天气指数保险的可行性进行探讨。     

桂中地区樱桃番茄新品种的果实性状比较试验

为了筛选出适宜桂中地区温室栽培的优质、特色番茄新品种,提高番茄生产种植效益,本试验对引进的9个樱桃番茄品种从形态特征、单果质量、可溶性固形物和果实风味等方面进行综合评价。结果表明,粉果小番茄、高档黄果小番茄口感最好,圣玛丽、日红、粉色丽人次之。在实际生产中,应根据不同栽培目的选择不同的品种。     

番茄青枯病研究进展

从青枯病的菌系组成、致病机理、抗性分子标记、番茄抗病品种的应用以及番茄青枯病的农业防治、生物防治、物理防治、化学药剂防治等方面介绍了番茄青枯病研究的最新进展,提出今后应组织全国协作研究,广泛布点和采集病样,并加强育种技术和方法研究,以培育出更多适应不同市场需求的番茄优良品种。     

智能温室基质栽培不同品种番茄和草莓硝酸盐残留的分析

采用智能温室基质栽培技术,对6个番茄品种和4个草莓品种的果实硝酸盐含量进行检测分析,结果表明:最低的是金石王1号番茄154.76mg·kg~(-1)·FW,最高的是闽胜草莓405.43mg·kg~(-1)·FW,但均低于可生食标准(432mg·kg~(-1)·FW),符合生食果蔬的要求;番茄的硝酸盐含量均低于草莓的硝酸盐含量;番茄和草莓各品种间的硝酸盐含量存在差异。研究表明,所采用的椰糠基质栽培及其营养液配方,对控制番茄和草莓硝酸盐的含量积累是可行的。     

优质三系不育系泰丰A的引进与应用研究

泰丰A是广东省农业科学院水稻研究所培育的优质三系不育系,通过引进试种观察并进行配组试验,结果表明该不育系在福建农艺性状优良、不育性稳定,开花习性较好,花时早且比较集中,配合力强,可恢性好,制种生产较易;生育期性状的早熟遗传传递力较强,与相应的恢复系配组可配出早稻、晚稻,也可以配出弱感光品种,配制杂种的优势强。其最突出特点是不育系及所配品种稻米品质优,尤其加工品质、外观品质商品性好;利用泰丰A已配组育成泰丰优2098、泰丰优656、泰优202、泰丰优2197、泰优676和泰优2328通过福建省品种审定。泰丰A具有较好的应用前景,应加强与优良恢复系进行广泛测配。     

番茄抗溃疡病品种的转育与SSR鉴定

番茄溃疡病是危害番茄生产的主要病害之一,抗病育种是解决该病害的最佳途径。以感病番茄98-1为母本、茄科茄属龙葵为父本进行杂交育种,经过四代回交和一代自交,获得了对番茄溃疡病具有抗性的杂交后代群体,并通过SSR鉴定得到了1个与番茄溃疡病抗性相关的SSR标记-CAT01。     

河南省油菜遗传改良进展与生产效果

综述了河南省油菜遗传育种、杂种优势利用等的研究进展及其主要成效,以期为今后的油菜遗传育种工作提供技术指导.针对近年来油菜产业发展中存在的生产成本偏高、专用型品种缺乏、保健型油脂需求旺盛等问题,及时调整了育种目标,在高产、优质、抗病的基础上,又开辟了高油、高油酸、适应机械化、耐迟播等新的研究方向;在育种技术上加强了游离小孢子培养技术、分子标记辅助选择技术的研究,并建立了相应的高效技术体系;加强了优异种质资源创新研究,创制和建立了稳定的高油、高油酸、低亚麻酸、抗寒、抗旱、抗裂荚、花色变异等各具特色的育种群体和新的种质资源;育成了一批强优势双低(即低芥酸、低硫苷)油菜杂交种和高油双低新品种,其在产量、品质和抗逆性等方面均有显著提高,为油菜新品种的更新换代和增产增收提供了强有力的技术支撑;2003-2015年,河南省油菜平均产量高于全国平均水平22.49％.本文还提出了今后的研究方向并进行了展望.     

Impact of different combined doses of fertilizers with plant growth regulators on growth, yield attributes and yield of mustard (Brassica campestris cv. B9) under old alluvial soil of Burdwan, West Bengal, India

Field experiments were conducted with mustard (Brassica campestris cv. B₉) consecutively for three years (2005, 2006 and 2007) in the Crop Research and Seed Multiplication Farm of Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal, India. In the first year, varietal screening of mustard under recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (100:50:50) were performed with seven mustard varieties during November 2005 to February 2006. In the second year, two experiments were conducted to study the effects of six different combined doses of chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer and six different levels of growth retardant cycocel. In the third year, six different levels of compost along with the best screened dose of growth retardant (CCC-300 ppm) and the best combined dose of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer (3/4thchemical fertilizer:1/4th biofertilizer) from the previous year were applied to study the effects on agronomic traits and growth attributes of mustard, and the field data were analyzed statistically. The variety B₉ recorded a significant higher seed yield along with other yield contributing factors, which was found to be superior to other varieties under old alluvial soil of Burdwan, West Bengal, India, in 2005. In 2006 and 2007, seed yield was found to be the best for CCC-300 ppm treatment and the best combined dose of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer was found to be 3/4th chemical fertilizer:1/4th biofertilizer. In 2007, the best yield was given by the treatment of 7.5 t·hm^?2 compost along with the best dose of growth retardant cycocel and the best combined dose of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer.     

美洲斑潜蝇对不同番茄品种的选择性

[目的]明确不同番茄品种对美洲斑潜蝇的选择性差异。[方法]在温湿度恒定的小气候环境中,研究了美洲斑潜蝇对18个不同番茄品种及材料的选择性。通过零频率估计法测定了美洲斑潜蝇幼虫的种群密度,同时调查虫情指数。[结果]美洲斑潜蝇对不同番茄品种的选择性存在差异。野生番茄品种ZBNH11的虫情指数最低,其次是包头市农业科学研究所选育出的15个番茄品种及材料,而引进的钻红八号和普罗旺斯的虫情指数最高。[结论]研究结果为合理利用抗性品种减轻美洲斑潜蝇危害提供了理论依据。     

Study of combining ability of forage sorghum genotypes based on biochemical composition of biomass and grain

The article discusses the results of the evaluation of combining the ability of forage sorghum varieties in test-crosses with CMS-lines of grain sorghum A2 O-1237, A2 AGS, and A2 KVV114. The experiment included forage sorghum varieties (11), CMS-lines (3), and tester hybrids (33) of F₁ generation. The differentiation of varieties and hybrids based on sugar content in the stem juice and protein, fat, fiber, ash and NFE in biomass and grain was performed using statistical methods, and GCA and SCA parameters were calculated. The use of forage sorghum varieties in breeding programs for the improvement of the biochemical composition of grain and biomass hybrids of the F₁-generation and synthetic varieties-populations was considered. GCA and SCA variability of the content of sugars in juice of the stem detected in genotypes allows using them in breeding programs. Chayka, k-592, and k-2963 varieties are effective in breeding for the production of synthetic varieties and unsuitable for the production of hybrids with high-sugar content, since they are characterized by high GCA but relatively low variance of SCA. In breeding for heterosis by sugar content in the stem juice, most promising were L-2, L-10, and L-69 lines. Varieties k-6 and L-7 with high values of GCA effect and variances of SCA were suitable for the use in breeding of synthetics varieties and F₁ hybrids. It was demonstrated that, in breeding of sorghum varieties, the test cross method allows identifying GCA and SCA indexes of the best lines and providing a more rigorous analysis of experimental data.     

中国现代玉米种业现状、瓶颈问题与对策建议

从生产状况、品种、种业企业和制种基地等方面概述了中国现代玉米种业的现状,总结了面临跨国种业集团竞争压力大、公益性和商业化育种的关系尚未理顺、培育突破性新品种能力不足、市场监管和知识产权保护不力等问题,最后提出了壮大民族玉米种业的若干对策建议.     

抗虫棉的若干性状和利用价值研究

以2类转基因抗虫棉和4个不同类型的推广品种为材料,于2002~2003年,对各供试材料的经济性状、农艺性状、早熟性和抗红铃虫性等进行了全面鉴定。比较试验采用随机区组设计,重复3~4次;抗红铃虫鉴定试验在网室进行。试验结果表明,抗虫棉尤其是抗虫杂交棉丰产稳产性好,在较一般棉田减少化学治虫70%左右条件下仍能获得高产,比非抗棉推广品种增产极显著。抗虫棉的纤维品质优良,抗虫性强,早熟性好,培育和推广抗虫棉品种具有广阔的应用前景。