The role of CITES in the conservation of marine fishes subject to international trade

All possible tools need to be marshalled for marine fish conservation. Yet controversy has swirled around what role, if any, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) should play for marine fishes. This paper analyses the relevance and applicability of CITES as a complementary tool for fisheries management. CITES currently regulates the international trade of very few marine fish species, by listing them in its Appendices. After the first meeting of the Parties (member countries) in 1976, no new marine fish taxa were added to the CITES Appendices until 2002, when Parties agreed to act to ensure sustainable and legal international trade in seahorses (Hippocampus spp.) and two species of sharks. Progress has continued haltingly, adding only one more shark, humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) and sawfishes by 2012. Parties voice concerns that may include inadequate data, applicability of CITES listing criteria, roles of national fisheries agencies, enforcement challenges, CITES' lack of experience with marine fishes, and/or identification and by‐catch problems. A common query is the relationship between CITES and other international agreements. Yet all these arguments can be countered, revealing CITES to be a relevant and appropriate instrument for promoting sound marine fisheries management. In reality, Parties that cannot implement CITES effectively for marine fishes will also need help to manage their fisheries sustainably. CITES action complements and supports other international fisheries management measures. As CITES engages with more marine fish listings, there will be greater scope to analyse its effectiveness in supporting different taxa in different contexts.     

全球视野下的中国草原生态系统可持续发展

探讨了为什么和怎样从全球视野实现我国草原生态系统可持续发展,这是共同性原则的要求,国际社会特别是发达国家对解决这一问题应担负更多的责任。我国草原生态系统的退化已影响周边国家和全球的生态环境。世界环境组织为实现我国草原生态系统可持续发展提供了组织保障,我国应树立资源的全球观点,在全球范围内实现资源共享和优化配置,与毗邻的国家构造自然共同体,选择国际通行的考核政绩的标准,借鉴实现可持续发展的组织形式。     

加强国际合作交流,促进外事工作快速发展

结合黑龙江省农业科学院近年来开展国际科技合作和交流工作的实践,阐明了农业科研单位加强国际合作交流的重大意义。针对本院外事工作中存在的问题,提出了解决对策,以期对完善黑龙江省农业科学院外事工作具有一定的指导作用。     

国际经济学课程教学的调查分析与思考

为全面了解国际经济学课程教学的实际情况,采用问卷调查法,研究了学生对该课程的总体评价、学习态度、理解能力、对教学方法及教学形式的期望等方面。在此基础上,提出要分级分专业教学,弥补教材的不足,推动互动式教学,以及要积极备战双语教学,以便取得更好的教学效果。     

中国鲜切花显性国际竞争力分析

采用联合国Comtrade数据库的鲜切花贸易数据,利用国际市场占有率、显示性比较优势指数、贸易竞争力指数、进出口价格比、质量升级指数及质量竞争力指数等评价指标,对2002—2011年主要鲜切花出口国及中国的鲜切花显性国际竞争力的业绩与质量进行实证分析与比较。结果表明:中国鲜切花具有一定的国际竞争力; 中国鲜切花出口比进口具有更高的附加值; 中国鲜切花出口质量呈上升趋势。     

Aquaculture and international trade

Abstract

In contrast to the stabilization or decline of wild fishery harvests, aquaculture's contribution to the world fish supply is steadily increasing. Aquaculture has begun to have a major influence on the trade of export‐orientated species such as salmon and shrimp. This paper reviews the role of aquaculture in international trade and the research which has been conducted to examine its influence. Despite the growing significance of aquaculture on international trade, especially for shrimp and salmon, formal analysis of the shrimp trade is sparse, only moderate for salmon, and essentially nonexistent for other species. This paper also presents specific examples of how aquaculture has played an important role in international trade. These include an examination of: (1) the influence of shrimp aquaculture and trade on the development of a shrimp futures contract; and (2) the countervailing duty and antidumping case against the Norwegian farmed salmon industry.     

ECONOMICS OF AQUACULTURE AND INVASIVE AQUATIC SPECIES—AN OVERVIEW

Aquaculture production and invasive species are intricately linked. Invasives enter waterways threatening production, increasing costs, and diminishing grower returns. Live plants and animals introduced for economic production escape their confines and establish in the wild. This paper provides an overview of the dominant issues illustrated with cases from around the world.     

我国木质林产品贸易与森林生态安全耦合度研究

“两头在外”是我国林产品贸易的典型特征, 它意味着对国内和国外森林资源的大量消耗。木质林产品贸易和森林生态安全的协调是开放条件下实现我国森林可持续发展的必经之路。文中运用耦合理论研究1961-2010年我国木质林产品贸易和森林生态安全之间的协调问题, 结论认为:1)2004之前森林生态安全指数高于木质林产品贸易指数, 2005-2008年则低于木质林产品贸易指数, 1991年之后木质林产品贸易指数的波动幅度显著大于森林生态安全指数。2)1961-1999年森林生态安全指数与木质林产品贸易指数的协调状态在初级协调和勉强协调之间波动; 2000年之后二者的协调进入稳定阶段, 并在2003年由初级协调进入中级协调阶段。     

有关油气田企业投标国际工程项目问题的思考

承揽国际石油工程项目对于我国油气田企业的发展有着至关重要的意义。国际石油工程项目在资格预审、招标文件、投标报价、合同条件和技术规范等方面有其自身特点。针对油气田企业投标国际石油工程项目存在的工程造价管理体制落后、投标文件质量缺乏保障、投标报价技巧欠佳等问题,提出了建立健全信息文件资料库、完善资格预审、高度重视招标文件、...     

中美渔业科技合作现状与发展趋势的计量学分析

为了对今后渔业科技国际合作政策与措施的拟定提供思路与科学依据。以科学引文索引数据库扩展版收录的中国近30年（1980-2010年）的中美渔业国际科技合著论文为研究对象,基于科学计量学方法分析研究了中美渔业合著科技论文的发文量、发文随时间的变化态势、学科分布、机构分布、作者分析、以及研究方向的分布及相关性等态势,揭示了近30年中美渔业领域所开展的国际合作的基本现状与发展趋势。