兽药科技创新发展趋势和对策研究

分析了兽药科技创新发展中存在的问题,研究了农业转型升级进程中兽药科技创新的方向和重点领域,提出创新兽药科技体制机制,创新发展模式,创新用药理念,创新疫病诊断、防控技术和产品的概念,为预防、控制、净化和消灭动物疫病提供"优质、高效、安全"的技术和产品。     

广西近十年柑橘黄龙病综合防控成效与经验

柑橘黄龙病是柑橘生产上的毁灭性病害之一.有效防控柑橘黄龙病是黄龙病疫区柑橘生产中最重要的任务.近十年,广西省致力于在全省范国内实施柑橘黄龙病综合防控,并在此过程中获得了很多有用且宝贵的经验.通过近十年柑橘黄龙病综合防控的实施,广西柑橘产业规模从全国第七位跃居全国第二位.本文主要介绍并分享广西近十年柑橘黄龙病综合防控中取得的成效和经验.     

对草地类自然保护区生态系统服务价值评估的思考

以国内外有关自然保护区价值评估方面的大量研究成果为基础,总结归纳了目前自然保护区价值评估研究的主要形式,并结合草地类自然保护区的特点及价值评估研究的现状,认为：1．草地类自然保护区的生态系统服务价值应高于一般草地生态系统,尤其表现在基因资源价值、文化价值等方面,即在价值评估中对这些价值应特别考虑;2．自然保护区生态系统服务功能价值的时空动态评估具有重要意义,应加强基于不同功能区的价值比较评估和价值时间动态评估;3．重视生态系统服务价值评估理论和方法的创新,研究符合中国国情的价值评估理论和方法体系。     

现代分析理论课程在机械类创新人才培养中的研究

本项目提出的背景是在高校强省的政治环境下，以齐齐哈尔大学机械类专业创新人才培养为例，分析了实施大学生创新人才培养的意义、当前高校创新人才培养的主要问题、机械类创新人才培养的内涵、现代分析理论课程在机械类创新人才培养中的作用。通过实践证明，学生在现代分析理论课程中所掌握的知识、所培养的能力和素质对于培养学生综合设计与实践能力具有明显的作用，将为日后从事机械工程领域的设计、制造、研究和开发奠定重要的基础。     

Phosphorus Budget in Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture Systems with Nile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus,and Amazon River Prawn,Macrobrachium amazonicum

Integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems are designed mainly for efficient use of resources. Substrates added to aquaculture ponds provide space for periphyton to settle and recover nutrients, making these nutrients available to the species being reared. The present study is centered on the phosphorus budget, analyzing the main ecological compartments of IMTA systems in earthen ponds stocked with Amazon River prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum, and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, with or without different added substrates. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three treatments (without a substrate, with a geotextile fabric substrate, and with a bamboo substrate) and four replications. Phosphorus entered the systems mainly in tilapia feed (ca. 50–61%), inlet water (ca. 17–27%), and fertilizer (ca. 6–7%). Input of phosphorus from other compartments ranged from 1.5 to 1.9%. Most phosphorus was accumulated at the pond bottom as sediment (ca. 60–68%) and fish biomass (ca. 18–26%), or discharged in the outlet water (ca. 7–10%). Feeding is the main driver for the distribution of phosphorus in the ponds. Levels of phosphorus retained in reared animals (20–28%) were higher in these IMTA systems than in tilapia and prawn monocultures (reported as 10–20% and 10–13%, respectively). Nonetheless, the present data showed that the addition of different types of substrates might not improve the recovery of phosphorus in animal biomass as initially supposed. Even so, these IMTA systems decreased the amount of phosphorus released in effluents, and this decrease was enhanced by the addition of substrates, reducing the impact on the receiving waterbodies.     

基于创新2.0模式的图书馆信息服务理论与实践

科技创新是各创新主体、创新要素交互作用下的一种复杂现象,是技术进步与应用创新共同演进的社会产物。以Living Lab模式、Fab Lab模式和AIP模式为例进行简要分析,论述以用户为中心、以社会实践为舞台、以共同创新、开放创新为特点的用户参与的创新2.0模式对图书馆传统信息服务模式具有很好的借鉴作用。从理论与实践研究的角度,提出构建信息共享空间,开展嵌入式服务、移动图书馆服务,以及多元化、立体化服务平台是提升图书馆信息服务的新模式。     

Research on the Functions of Innovation Intermediaries in the Process of Open Innovation：Taking InnoCentive for Example

将开放式创新过程划分为技术获取和技术利用两个阶段。开放式创新过程中参与主体所面临的阿罗信息悖论、技术买卖双方地位不对等、确认有效的信息来源、培育双边市场等问题。创新中介功能包括建立联系、提供联盟和支持服务以及提供技术服务。InnoCentive作为典型的创新中介,通过科学的机制设计和功能组合,解决了开放式创新过程中面临的问题。     

Individual feeding specialisation of a naïve vs. veteran predators

Abstract – We explored the incidence of individual feeding specialisation among a naïve predator (non‐native rainbow trout postsmolts) and two native experienced predators (sea‐run Arctic charr and sea‐trout) in a subarctic Norwegian fjord. Interindividual foraging niche stability was obtained by combining information on stomach contents (recent dietary niche) with trophically transmitted parasite infestation (time‐integrated historical dietary niche) of individual predators. Individual fish showed a high degree of resource specialisation as prey items such as gammarids and small fish (both potential intermediate host of parasites) rarely co‐occurred in stomachs. In both naïve and veteran predators, positive associations between the intensity of a specific parasite species and the occurrence of their respective intermediate host (gammarids or fish) in the stomachs of individual predators demonstrated temporally interindividual feeding specialisations. Several behavioural phenotypes clearly co‐existed in both naïve and veteran predator populations, including gammaridivore (benthic feeders), piscivore (pelagic feeders) or insectivore (pleuston feeders) individuals. The likely mechanism of this observed interindividual resource specialisation in the non‐native naïve predators involves a behavioural component of which rapid learning seems to be a key factor.