欧洲葡萄‘粉红亚都蜜’NAC基因DRL1负向调节植物抗旱性

以欧洲葡萄‘粉红亚都蜜’（Vitis vinifera‘Yatomo Rose’）为材料，利用荧光定量PCR技术和转基因技术研究葡萄NAC转录因子DRL1基因对逆境的响应。欧洲葡萄‘粉红亚都蜜’在激素和逆境胁迫下，DRL1表达呈下降趋势，其中以ABA和干旱胁迫处理最为显著。在ABA处理下DRL1转基因烟草株系种子萌发率和根长均高于野生型。干旱处理下，转基因植株对干旱的耐受性降低，同时胁迫相关基因NtLEA5、NtP5CR1、NtPSCS1、NtERD10C和NtDREB3的表达水平比野生型显著下降。此外，DRL1转基因烟草茎中柱发育受到抑制，尤其是导管横切面积仅为野生型的58%。以上结果表明，DRL1基因可能作为1个负向调节子参与植物的干旱胁迫。     

Bamboo NiR gene is associated with regeneration capacity

It was reported that the activity of NiR (nitrite reductase) enzyme encoded by the NiR gene was correlated with the regeneration ability in rice. To testify the function of NiR gene in bamboo, seven bamboo species whose calli had different differentiation rate were chosen to analyse their NiR enzyme activity. The results showed that bamboo NiR enzymatic activity had a certain correlation with the regeneration capacity. A NiR gene named DhNiR from Dendrocalamus hamiltonii with high regeneration capacity was cloned. Sequence analysis revealed that the ORF of DhNiR was 1779bp encoding 592 amino acids. Overexpression of DhNiR in rice reduced the time of shoot differentiation and increased the transformation rate, suggesting that DhNiR might play an important role in the regeneration ability of bamboo, and can be applied in regeneration and gene transformation of bamboo and other plant species.     

大豆PHD家族蛋白的全基因组鉴定及表达特征分析

PHD（Plant Homeodomain Finger）基因家族编码一类锌指转录因子,广泛参与植物的生长发育和逆境应答过程。通过全基因组鉴定获得了95个大豆PHD家族蛋白。通过共线性分析、进化树构建、基因结构和功能结构域鉴定、GO注释分析、不同组织间和非生物胁迫下表达分析等,获得了大豆PHD家族基因复制、家族进化、保守结构域及基因表达等信息。结果表明,大豆PHD基因在家族进化、基因结构和保守结构域上存在较大变异,可能参与Zn ²⁺结合、DNA结合及表观遗传调控等分子过程,参与调控植物生长发育和逆境应答。这些结果为进一步研究大豆PHD家族在生长发育和逆境应答中的生物学功能提供重要线索。     

云南怒江傈僳族自治州古树名木资源现状调查

对怒江傈僳族自治州人为活动区域古树名木资源现状进行调查。结果表明:共记录到古树名木496株,涉及36科54属76种,其中有8种国家重点保护野生植物,分别为澜沧黄杉、秃杉、南方红豆杉、云南榧树、千果榄仁、红椿、光叶珙桐和香果树;怒江州古树名木主要分布在乡村街道及远郊野外,占总数的98.8%,63.6%的古树生长在海拔1500~1999 m;古树名木的生长环境及长势总体较好,但保护力度相对薄弱,应采取相关措施加强保护和管理。     

Dietary Lipid Levels Affect the Growth Performance,Lipid Deposition,and Antioxidative Capacity of Juvenile Scaleless Carp,Gymnocypris przewalskii,on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

A 56‐d growth trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, lipid deposition, and antioxidative capacity of juvenile scaleless carp, Gymnocypris przewalskii, on Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. One‐year‐old juveniles (initial weight: 15.99 ± 0.02 g) were fed practical diets with different lipid levels of 4, 5.5, 7, 8.5, and 10%, respectively. Results showed that the best specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion rate, and total antioxidative capacity (T‐AOC) in hepatopancreas were observed in fish fed the diet with 7% lipid level. Fish fed with high lipid diets (8.5 and 10%) had significantly higher condition factor and viscerosomatic index as well as lipid in muscle, intestine, mesenteric fat tissue, and whole body. Highest level of hepatopancreas lipase and lipoprotein lipases activities as well as malondialdehyde content and the lowest level of feed intake and T‐AOC content in hepatopancreas and intestine were also observed in fish fed with high lipid diets (8.5 and 10%) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, based on SGR and hepatopancreas T‐AOC content, dietary lipid requirement of juvenile G. przewalskii was estimated to be 7.35 and 7.39%, respectively.     

水稻OsUBA基因的表达及其在促进种子萌发和开花中的功能

自噬是将功能异常或不需要的胞内组分降解的细胞学过程,广泛参与真核生物的生长发育过程、对营养缺乏的响应及生物/非生物胁迫反应。NBR1 (Next to BRCA1 gene 1, NBR1)是在植物中发现的最重要的自噬受体,但有关植物NBR1类自噬受体的研究较少,水稻中此类蛋白的研究还是空白。本文通过RT-PCR方法,从水稻日本晴幼苗的cDNA中克隆到一个含有泛素相关结构域(Ubiquitinassociated,UBA)的基因,将其命名为OsUBA。OsUBA的开放阅读框长2538 bp,编码845个氨基酸残基。OsUBA属于水稻中的NBR1类蛋白。OsUBA的启动子区有多个与光、逆境胁迫及激素反应相关的元件; OsUBA基因在水稻花药、正在萌发的种子以及根中的表达量较高,在茎和叶中也有表达; 200μmol L~(–1) ABA处理显著抑制OsUBA的表达,100μmol L~(–1) GA处理后OsUBA的表达略有升高。对OsUBA过表达水稻株系的研究表明,转基因水稻种子的萌发比野生型更快, ABA (3μmol L~(–1))处理显著抑制OsUBA过表达水稻株系种子的萌发, GA (100μmol L~(–1))处理对OsUBA过表达水稻株系种子的萌发略有促进;OsUBA过表达水稻株系的开花时间较野生型明显提前。这些结果表明,水稻NBR1蛋白基因OsUBA的表达和功能可能与对开花时间和种子萌发的调控以及生物/非生物胁迫反应有关。     

普通小麦主要农艺性状的全基因组关联分析

为解析小麦复杂农艺性状的遗传机制,本研究以150份小麦品种(系)为自然群体,在4个环境条件下测定了9个主要农艺性状,利用小麦35K SNP芯片,结合5种关联模型(Q、PCA、K、PCA+K、Q+K),进行全基因组关联分析。结果表明,全基因组多态性信息量PIC的范围为0.0950～0.5000,最小等位基因频率MAF值为0.0500～0.5000;群体结构分析和PCA分析均表明参试材料可分为两个亚群;连锁不平衡分析发现A基因组、B基因组、D基因组和全基因组的LD衰减距离分别为4.7、8、11和6 Mb。9个性状共检测到652个显著的关联位点(P≤0.001),其中21个SNP在2个或2个以上的环境中被重复检测到,分布在1A(1)、1B(4)、2A(3)、2D(2)、3A(1)、5A(1)、5B(5)、6A(1)、6B(2)和7D(3)染色体上; 1个SNP标记的物理位置未知, 3个SNP标记同时与2个性状显著关联;单个SNP的表型贡献率为7.67%～18.79%。8个优势等位变异在供试群体中所占比例较低,筛选出14个可能与小麦农艺性状相关的候选基因,其中TraesCS5B02G237200、TraesCS7D02G129700和TraesCS1B02G426300可能在植物抵御生物与非生物胁迫中起作用,TraesCS5B02G010800和TraesCS7D02G436800可能与植物激素的合成和响应有关,TraesCS2A02G092200可能与植物细胞壁的增强有关, TraesCS5A02G438800可能参与叶绿体发育,另外7个候选基因的功能未知。     

马疱疹病毒1型主要毒力基因分析及TK基因缺失载体的构建

为了解新疆马疱疹病毒1型（EHV-1）主要毒力基因遗传进化情况并构建TK基因缺失株，本研究以EHV-1 XJ2015株DNA为模板，对其主要毒力基因TK、gI和gE全长进行克隆、测序及生物信息学分析，并扩增TK基因左右重组臂TKL和TKR，构建质粒pUC-TKLR，将扩增后的增强绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP，含有CMV+polyA）插入pUC-TKLR质粒，构建TK基因缺失打靶质粒。TK、gI和gE基因同源性分析结果显示，XJ2015株与国外EHV-1分离株TK、gI和gE基因同源性均较高，分别为99.8%~100.0%、99.6%~100.0%和99.9%~100.0%；与EHV-3分离株同源性均最低，分别为72.9%、59.4%和62.1%；遗传进化分析显示，3个基因均与国外EHV-1同属于一个遗传进化分支，与EHV-9和EHV-4进化关系较近，但与EHV-3进化关系较远，表明XJ2015毒株与国外EHV-1毒株TK、gI、gE基因核苷酸上差异不明显，没有明显的地域性特征，功能基因保守且进化缓慢，同源基因功能相同或相近；经PCR扩增、酶切、测序及转染鉴定，本试验成功构建了用于TK基因缺失的打靶质粒pUC-TKLR-EGFP。通过对EHV-1主要毒力基因的分析及TK基因缺失打靶载体的构建，为新疆地区马鼻肺炎流行病学调查分析、TK基因缺失株的构建提供理论依据。     

槟榔间作条件下不同修剪方式对可可生长和产量的影响

以槟榔间作可可条件下的可可为研究对象,比较不同修剪方式对其生长、光合作用及产量的影响。结果表明:中度修剪提高可可株高、干周和主枝粗度,重度修剪和仅控冠幅降低可可干周和主枝粗度。中等修剪可可叶片Pn显著高于轻度修剪和仅控冠幅,可能由于修剪提高了新梢叶片叶肉细胞光合作用能力。中度修剪可可徒长枝重量分别比轻度修剪、重度修剪和仅控冠幅显著降低了69.27%、54.69%和57.03%,大大降低了养分消耗,提高产量的同时节省了修剪工作量。综上所述,在槟榔间作可可条件下,采用中度修剪有利于提高光合作用效率,形成健康平衡树形,降低徒长枝养分消耗,提高产量,为槟榔间作可可节本增效技术研究与优化提供依据。     

Effect of miRNA-33 on ABCA1/ABCG1 expression in RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells after Hcy treatment

AIM:To study whether homocysteine (Hcy) inhibits the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) by microRNA-33 (miRNA-33) signaling, and reduces the efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT).METHODS:RAW264.7 macrophages were induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to establish foam cell model. Oil red O staining was used to determine whether the model was established successfully. miRNA-33 mimics and miRNA-33 inhibitor were transfected into the cells by Lipofectamine 2000, and the cells were exposed to Hcy at concentration of 5 mmol/L for 24 h. The intracellular lipid droplets were observed by Oil red O staining. The expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The cellular cholesterol content was analyzed by HPLC, and effluent rate of cholesterol was detected by the method of liquid scintillation counting.RESULTS:Compared with blank control group, the lipid content in miRNA-33 mimics group was increased, and the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 at mRNA and protein levels was decreased (P<0.05). The intracellular cholesterol content was increased gradually (P<0.05), and the cellular cholesterol efflux rate was gradually decreased (P<0.05) in miRNA-33 mimics group. Compared with blank control group, the testing results in miRNA-33 inhibitor group were the opposition of those in miRNA-33 mimics group (P<0.05). No diffe-rence of the above indexes among blank control group, miRNA-33 mimics-NC group and miRNA-33 inhibitor-NC group was observed.CONCLUSION:Hcy inhibits the mRNA and protein expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 through miRNA-33 signaling, and reduces the efficiency of RCT in RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells.