氮、磷、钾、硅肥配施对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响

在大田条件下 ,应用四因素五水平二次正交回归组合设计方法 ,研究了山西石灰性草甸土壤合理施用氮、磷、钾、硅肥对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明 :氮、磷、钾、硅肥的合理配施对水稻产量的形成有极显著的促进作用 ,四因素与产量的主效应回归方程为y =6973.5+2 4 89x 1+7.912x 2 +7.388x 3 +7.0 4 72x 4 。氮肥主要是通过影响有效穗、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重而促进产量的形成 ,磷肥主要是通过影响有效穗、穗粒数而促进产量的形成 ,钾肥主要是通过影响有效穗、结实率而促进产量的形成 ,硅肥主要是通过影响千粒重、结实率、穗粒数、有效穗而促进产量的形成     

铅对栉孔扇贝血淋巴中非特异性酯酶和髓过氧化物酶活性的影响

测定了栉孔扇贝在不同浓度铅(Pb2 )胁迫下血清与血细胞中非特异性酯酶(NSE)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的活性变化.结果表明,当Pb2 浓度在0.02mg·L-1和0.05mg·L-1时,血清中的酯酶活力和血细胞中以α-丁酸萘酯为底物的酯酶活力均高于对照组,当Pb2 浓度达到0.1 mg·L-1时,酶活力均低于对照组;血清和血细胞中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)的活性变化随着Pb2 浓度的升高呈现较明显的抑制-诱导-抑制规律.栉孔扇贝血淋巴中两种酶对水体中Pb2 污染反映比较灵敏,可以作为检测海洋早期铅污染的一个生理指标.     

论中国农田生态保育

在对国内外农田生态保育现状与研究进展分析的基础上,提出中国农田生态保育的新观念,其基本内涵包括基本农田保护、农田基础设施与条件建设、农田防污治污体系构建和生物多样性保育等;讨论了该领域的若干重大问题,揭示出相关重要科学问题;提出了“藏粮于田”战略及其基本对策。     

浅析新《食品安全抽样检验管理办法》中关于食品复检工作的规定

依据《中华人民共和国食品安全法》、《场监管总局办公厅关于进一步规范食品安全监督抽检复检和异议工作的通知》等有关规定,结合食品复检工作中的实际情况,解读新《食品安全抽样检验管理办法》中关于食品复检工作的相关规定,就完善食品复检工作程序提出相关建议。     

间栽和混播对作物病害的防治效果

进行了小麦与大麦、小麦与蚕豆间栽和不同小麦品种混播,研究不同栽培技术在控制病害中的作用。选用不同的抗小麦锈病品种,与生产上常用的大麦品种和蚕豆品种进行间栽和混播试验。试验结果表明,间栽和混播技术都能持续有效地控制和降低小麦条锈病的危害。在小麦全生育期,间栽对小麦条锈病的控制有效率在28.02%~65.5%之间,并推迟条锈病的发生3~25d;小麦混播对条锈病的控制有效率在40.94%~62.57%之间,推迟14 d发病。小麦与蚕豆间栽,蚕豆叶斑病的病情指数下降,控制有效率在29.3%~57.9%之间。间作和混播对作物产量也有较大的提高。     

绿色农产品市场中的“柠檬效应”及应对策略

本文基于绿色农产品的经验型特征及消费市场中信息非对称性基础上，分析了绿色农产品市场中“柠檬效应”出现的原因及影响；并指出：营造具有“正信号”显示的制度环境，是消除“柠檬市场”．构建绿色农产品竞争力的有效途径。     

蛋白质与淀粉对挂面和方便面品质及微观结构的影响

以小麦淀粉、小麦活性面筋粉和标准面粉为原料 ,通过控制各原料比例的方法 ,结合扫描电子显微镜技术 ,观察与分析了不同淀粉与蛋白质含量的混合粉在制作面条和方便面过程中微观结构、加工特性及食用品质的变化情况。结果表明 ,蛋白质和淀粉含量对面条和方便面的品质都有重要影响 ,相对而言 ,蛋白质的作用大于淀粉。只有蛋白质和淀粉间比例及其在面粉中含量处于比较合适的水平时 ,才能制成高品质的挂面和方便面。蛋白质经吸水或变性后形成的网络结构是使面团具有可塑性、熟面条具有弹性和部分韧性、方便面具有良好复水性的主要原因 ;也是束缚淀粉颗粒 ,防止其从面条中失落的主要因素。淀粉通过缓解面筋强度、添补蛋白质网络空隙等途径 ,有增大面团和面带延伸性、改善面带表面光滑性、增加面条白度等作用。     

Differential response of zucchini varieties to low storage temperature

Several parameters related to cold damage in zucchini have been measured in fruits from different varieties cultivated in the province of Almería (south-eastern Spain). The purpose of this work is to correlate physiological parameters with commercial quality and chilling damage, in order to establish reliable criteria for selecting varieties having better genetic adaptation to low-temperature storage. The results show that, for varieties harvested during February, the variety Natura was the best adapted to storage at 4 °C, as its fruits suffered less from chilling injuries, had a lower weight loss, and the levels of metabolites malonyldialdehyde and H₂O₂ were not as high as in the other varieties. Genetic variation was detected for some of the parameters analysed. The positive correlation among the levels of MDA, H₂O_2, and chilling injury, as well as the negative correlation among catalase and chilling injury, makes these parameters good indicators of chilling damage in our system.     

Factors affecting in vitro adventitious shoot formation on internode explants of Citrus aurantium L. cv. Brazilian

The in vitro formation of newly formed adventitious buds and shoots from internodal branch segments was studied on 12-month-old plants of Citrus aurantium L. cv. Brazilian. The effects of 6-Benzyladenine (BA) and α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) treatments were evaluated on adventitious bud and shoot regeneration. High rates of bud initiation and shoot development were obtained both with BA supplemented medium, in the range from 1 mg L⁻¹ to 3 mg L⁻¹, and with 0.1 mg L⁻¹ NAA supplemented medium. NAA concentrations above 1 mg L⁻¹ significantly reduced bud initiation and shoot elongation. The results obtained using different in vitro culture vessels such as Petri dishes, tubes and glass culture jars were compared. The highest adventitious bud induction was observed in Petri dishes for internodes cultured in 2 mg L⁻¹ BA supplemented medium, with 95% responsive explants forming 9.0 ± 2.4 adventitious buds. The adventitious buds observed in Petri dishes reached a maximum height of 1 mm, with no further development, while some of the adventitious shoots cultured in tubes and glass culture jars grew over 1 cm in height. A shoot regeneration gradient of the internodes collected along the branch axis was noticed, with basal ones exhibiting higher regeneration frequency.     

Defense response of tomato fruit at different maturity stages to salicylic acid and ethephon

In order to elucidate whether fruit maturity stage influence the induced resistance of exogenous elicitors in tomato and the involved mechanisms, we investigated the defense responses of tomato fruits against Botrytis cinerea, ethylene production and internal quality following treatments of fruit with salicylic acid (SA) or ethephon (ET) at mature green (MG) and breaker (BR). SA significantly suppressed decay and disease incidence in tomato fruits at both MG and BR stages, along with higher expression level of PR1 gene after 2 days of treatment. All fruits treated by SA had lower contents of ethylene and lycopene. The ET-treated fruit at both maturity stages showed lower disease incidence and higher level of PR2 and PR3 expression compared with the control fruit. ET treatment significantly enhanced ethylene and lycopene contents, and accelerated fruit ripening. Our results suggest that SA and ET induced disease resistance in fruits by mediating the expression of different pathogenesis-related genes and have different effects on fruit ripening, which in turn influences the disease resistance of tomato fruits.