Precision of estimated QTL positions in granddaughter designs using combined haplotype sharing TDT and linkage analysis

The aim of this study was to develop the linear haplotype sharing transmission disequilibrium test (LHS-TDT) method and combine this method with the simple regression method to estimate the precision of QTL positions in granddaughter designs. This precision was determined by Monte Carlo simulation in granddaughter designs. A single bi-allelic QTL at the midpoint of a linkage group and 26 markers with 1 cM intervals and with two alleles each were simulated. Three linear models, (i.e. the simple regression model, the linear haplotype sharing TDT method and the combination of these two models) were compared. The mean of absolute differences (A) between the estimated and true QTL position of each method was considered for six different scenarios consisting of combinations of a number of markers and the most frequent haplotypes. The mean of A, using the simple regression method, was 4.38 centimorgan (cM). The means of A using the LHS-TDT method were less than the simple regression method in all scenarios and ranged from 1.86 to 3.82 cM depending on the scenario. The mean of A using the combined method was more than the LHS-TDT method and less than the simple regression method. The means of A using the combined method ranged from 2.32 to 4.36 cM. Therefore, for populations similar to those population simulated in this study, the LHS-TDT was better than the simple regression method and the combined method for precision of estimated QTL position in granddaughter designs.     

Evaluation of association between polymorphism within the thyroglobulin gene and milk production traits in dairy cattle

In dairy cattle, many studies have reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) on the centromeric end of chromosome 14 that affect milk production traits. One of the candidate genes in this QTL region – thyroglobulin (TG) – was previously found to be significantly associated with marbling in beef cattle. Thus, based on QTL studies in dairy cattle and because of possible effects of this gene on fat metabolism, we investigated the association of TG with milk yield and composition in Holstein dairy cattle. A total of 1279 bulls from the Cooperative Dairy DNA Repository Holstein population were genotyped for a single nucleotide polymorphism in TG used previously in beef cattle studies. Analysis of 29 sire families showed no significant association between TG variants and milk production traits. Within‐sire family analysis suggests that TG is neither the responsible gene nor a genetic marker in association with milk production traits.     

畜禽数量性状基因座位的精细定位

数量性状基因座位(QTL)的精细定位是实施QTL克隆及标记辅助选择(MAS)的重要基础。然而就目前畜禽QTL定位的结果来看,除了通过候选基因法识别的少数基因外,大多数QTL定位的精度仍无法满足实际应用的要求。为进一步提高QTL定位的精度,缩小QTL定位的置信区间,人们相继提出并发展了一系列新的QTL定位方法。本文在分析畜禽QTL定位的基本方法及影响畜禽QTL定位精度的主要因素基础上,对提高QTL定位精确性的策略和方法进行了相应的探讨。     

萧山草三黄鸡屠宰性能和肉质分析

研究对70日龄萧山草三黄鸡进行了屠宰性能和肉质性状的测定,结果显示:公鸡活重、屠体重、半净膛率和全净膛率优于母鸡,差异显著(P<0.05)。腿肌的肉色OD值、剪切力和pH值均大于胸肌,系水力小于胸肌,差异均显著(P<0.05);水分含量、粗脂肪含量大于胸肌,粗蛋白含量、粗灰分含量小于胸肌,差异均显著(P<0.05)。研究表明母鸡的肉质优于公鸡,屠宰性能则不及公鸡。     

与苹果果皮红色性状相关的RAPD分子标记的筛选

用355条10bp随机引物来筛选与苹果果实红色性状连锁的分子标记。通过分离群体分组分析,在果实红色与非红色2个对比基因池间进行了扩增筛选,初步选出49个多态性引物,进一步对这些多态性引物进行群体上的分析发现S519可以扩增出大约1000bp左右的一条与红色性状相关的DNA特异带。对本研究的73个来自3个不同杂交组合的F1后代个体分析表明,该标记判断果实红色性状的符合率为76.7%。鉴于获得的多态性标记对果皮颜色预测的准确率不高的现状,我们采用了双标记组合分析方案,即用S5191000分别与以往获得的3个与果色性状相关的标记(S12891200、S12351000和S21071200)配对组合进行判断,从而使得标记对目标性状预测的正确性大为提高。另外,对总共获得的4个RAPD标记在9个栽培品种上进行了分析,大多数品种的表现与理论一致。     

番茄品系红熟果实的耐贮性与品质的通径分析

对11个番茄品系红熟果实在2因子4处理条件下贮藏21 d的变质率与采收时的果实品质性状进行通径分析,结果表明:变质率与果实采收时的营养成分的干物质、水分、可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比有关,其中果实干物质含量是果实变质率最重要的影响因子,其效应是由直接作用引起的.     

树莓无刺性状杂交试验初报

对8个树莓品种物候期及有效授粉期进行了调查,'早红'开花成熟最早,'美国22号'开花成熟最晚;'无刺红'与其它7个品种的有效授粉期达10 d以上.以'无刺红,为母本与其它7个品种杂交授粉时,小核果坐果率的变化趋势与坐果率变化一致,果实的单果重倾向于母本,种子饱满、千粒重较大;以'无刺红'为父本时变化规律与之相似.对杂交后代实生苗的刺密度进行了调查,刺密度属数量性状连续变异,后代分离广泛,其中澳洲红自交后代无刺实生苗比例最大,可以达到30.56%.杂交后代刺密度组合传递力3.94,自交后代刺密度组合传递力1.67.     

牛GDF9和BMP15基因遗传变异与双胎性状的关系研究

以生长分化因子9(Growth differentiation factor 9,GDF9)基因和骨形态发生蛋白15(Bone morphogenet-ic protein 15,BMP15)基因作为牛双胎性状的候选基因,研究了它们在鲁西牛、秦川牛、南阳牛和中国荷斯坦牛4个品种中的遗传变异,并在鲁西牛群体中研究了其多态位点与双胎性状的关系。结果表明:在鲁西牛中GDF9基因的3′UTR发现缺失突变,而其它3个品种中没有发现该突变。对鲁西牛群体中该多态位点与单、双胎性状之间进行卡方显著性检验表明,单胎牛群体与双胎牛群体基因型分布有极显著的差异(P=0.006),双胎牛群体的B等位基因频率明显大于单胎牛群体。通过生物信息学分析表明,突变体mRNA的二级结构与野生型相比总自由能值差异不大,但突变体mRNA翻译起始位点的二级结构稳定性明显大于野生型。在鲁西牛、南阳牛和秦川牛的BMP15基因中发现编码区第759~762位有GAAA 4个碱基存在缺失突变,但没有检测到突变纯合个体,中国荷斯坦牛中没有检测到该突变。卡方显著性检验表明单胎牛群体和双胎牛群体在该位点基因型组成差异不显著(P=0.947)。